Ferrous Fumarate Research Articles

A clinical study evaluating low dose ferrous fumarate vs. standard iron supplements in iron-deficient non-anemic to mild anemic adults

Our study aims to validate safety and efficacy of Feroglobin capsule compared with different iron supplementations in adult subjects diagnosed with non-anemic to mild anemic iron deficiency and fatigue. Enrolled 302 participants diagnosed with non-anemic to mild anemic iron deficiency and fatigue. Group A (n = 147) received Feroglobin, Group B (n = 146) received standard of care [Haem Up Gems capsules (Ferrous fumarate) or Fericip tablets (Ferrous ascorbate)]. 293 subjects completed the study with follow-up visits on days 30, 60, and 90. Feroglobin treatment significantly increased hemoglobin levels from mean 12.43 g/dl to 13.24 g/dl in 90 days. Ferritin levels improved significantly by 442.87% compared to the standard care’s 256.67%. Fatigue scale scores reduced by 47.51%, and all presenting health complaints resolved completely. Gastrointestinal symptoms observed were similar in both the groups. Both groups exhibited moderate treatment adherence. Quality of life improved in pain and general health domains, exhibiting a good tolerability. Adverse events were unrelated to the investigational products. Feroglobin serves as an efficacious therapeutic alternative for improving hemoglobin, ferritin, and reducing fatigue with low doses compared to standard of care. However, longer-term effects of low-dose require further investigations in different target groups.

564 The Assessment and Management of Anaemia in Patients Who Underwent an Emergency Laparotomy

Abstract Aim Emergency Laparotomies (EmLap) carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Peri and post-operative anaemia are associated with higher complication rates, delayed healing, and lethargy. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of anaemia in EmLap patients upon admission and discharge, as well as to evaluate its management. Method Data was collected from 260 participants undergoing EmLap from 2016 to 2019 that completed a follow up questionnaire in 2020, as part of PEEL 2 (Patients Experience of Emergency Laparotomy) in Cardiff, a retrospective cohort study. 34% of patients (n=90) had a Haemoglobin (Hb) level on admission and discharge and were included into the study. Information on transfusions and prescriptions of ferrous fumarate tablets during admission and on discharge were obtained from electronic records. Results 46.7% (n=42) were anaemic at time of admission and further 19 patients were anaemic after surgery. 61 patients (68%) were discharged with anaemia post EmLap. Of the 61 patients discharged with anaemia only 10 (16%) were given treatment; 7 (11%) were offered a blood transfusion, 2 (3%) were prescribed ferrous fumarate tablets and 1 (1.6%) received a combination of both. Discharge summaries did not highlight the issue and follow up advice was not given to GPs. Conclusions 2/3 of EmLap patients were discharged with anaemia and was not addressed. A greater understanding is needed to appreciate the impact of anaemia on EmLap patients’ such as fatigue levels. It can be avoided if a closer look at patients’ blood results is conducted and treated aligning with the NICE guidelines.

Investigating Magnesium Carbonate as a Substitute for Titanium Dioxide in Ferrous Fumarate Premixes for Double Salt Fortification

Investigating Magnesium Carbonate as a Substitute for Titanium Dioxide in Ferrous Fumarate Premixes for Double Salt Fortification

Comparative evaluation of different oral iron salts in the management of iron deficiency anemia.

Anemia affects one-fourth of the world's population and is caused mostly by iron deficiency. Iron supplementation is the most essential strategy for preventing iron deficiency anemia. Conventional oral iron salts have many drawbacks such as poor absorption & bioavailability, and poor tolerability resulting in poor clinical outcomes. To compare the effectiveness and safety of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous bis-glycinate, and Sucrosomial iron in the management of iron deficiency anemia. The study is a retrospective observational clinical study comprising 260 subjects with hemoglobin between 7-10g/dl. The patients were divided into four groups I, II, III, and IV, and received ferrous fumarate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous bis-glycinate, and Sucrosomial iron respectively. Hematological profile and iron store indices were measured at baseline and month 3. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison test was used to assess statistical significance (P < 0.05) using GraphPad Prism V.9.3.1 software. The observational study showed that hemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the ferrous ascorbate group (11.86 ± 0.09; P < 0.0001), ferrous fumarate group (11.72 ± 0.08; P < 0.0001), ferrous bis-glycinate group (11.69 ± 0.11; P = 0.0003) and Sucrosomial iron group (12.20 ± 0.1; P < 0.0001) compared to the baseline. The Sucrosomial iron-supplemented group showed significantly higher improvement in hemoglobin levels and serum ferritin levels compared to conventional oral iron salts (P < 0.05) with a better safety profile. The Sucrosomial iron showed significantly higher improvement in hemoglobin levels and higher improvement in iron store indices parameters along with a good tolerability profile compared to other conventional oral iron salts.

Effects of iron supplements in individuals with erythropoietic protoporphyria

BackgroundProtoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is the final precursor of heme, forming heme when iron is inserted. Individuals with erythropoietic protoporphyrias (EPP) have accumulation of PPIX, causing photosensitivity and increased liver disease risk. Many also have iron deficiency and anemia. We investigated outcomes of oral iron supplements in individuals with EPP. MethodsA systematic review identified literature on oral iron supplements in EPP patients. Subsequently, we administered iron supplements to EPP patients with iron deficiency. The primary outcome was impact on PPIX level. Secondary outcomes were adverse events and relative differences in hemoglobin and iron parameters. ResultsThe systematic review found 13 case reports and one uncontrolled clinical trial with uncertain results. From our department 10 patients with EPP and iron deficiency took daily dosages of 330 mg of ferrous fumarate for two months. Five of our patients had anemia at baseline. After 2 months of supplementation seven patients had increased PPIX level compared to baseline, two had decrease, one remained unchanged. The administration of iron led to a rise in ferritin, and in four of the anemic patients also to an improvement in blood hemoglobin. A small transiently elevation in plasma alanine transaminase concentration was observed during supplementation. ConclusionsOverall, iron supplementation in EPP patients replenished iron stores and elevated erythrocyte PPIX and plasma alanine transaminase. For anemic patients, there was some degree of normalization of the hemoglobin level. If iron therapy is needed for EPP patients, monitoring of photosensitivity, PPIX, hemoglobin, and plasma liver enzymes is advisable.

Quantification of ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel and ferrous fumarate from bulk drugs and tablet formulation using a validated HPTLC method

Objective: This research paper proposes a new HPTLC method that is quick, accurate and precise for estimating ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel and ferrous fumarate. Materials and Methods: Quantification was performed on silica gel precoated aluminum plates as the stationary phase. As the three drugs did not resolved in one mobile phase, different mobile phases were selected for ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel i.e. chloroform: methanol in the ratio of 9.9: 0.1 v/v and for ferrous fumarate i.e. formic acid: dichloromethane: butanol: heptane in the ratio of 1.2: 1.6: 3.2: 4.4 v/v/v/v. Result: Wavelength for densitometric evaluation was 275 nm for ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel and 212 nm for ferrous fumarate. Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel were acceptably resolved having a RF values of 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.02. Ferrous fumarate had a RF value of 0.74 ± 0.02. Conclusion: All the validation parameters were performed and results were found to be within the acceptable limit prescribe by ICH.

Facile Synthesis of Iron Carbide via Pyrolysis of Ferrous Fumarate for Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation to Lower Olefins.

Hydrogenation of CO2 to olefin catalyzed by iron-based catalysts is a sustainable and important way to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, iron-based catalysts were facilely prepared by direct pyrolysis of ferric fumarate (FF), which are applied to CO2 hydrogenation to olefin reaction to explore the effects of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere on catalytic performance of the catalysts. Among them, NaFe-Air-400 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity with 33.7 %, and light olefin selectivity reaches as high as 47.1 %. The catalytic performance of pyrolytic catalysts is better than that the impregnated NaFe catalyst on activated carbon (NaFe/AC). A series of XRD, Raman and SEM characterization results show a suitable pyrolysis temperature would promote the balance between amorphous carbon and graphene, which can affect the formation of FexCy phase, leading the distinctive activity and olefin selectivity. Hence, the presented one-step pyrolysis methodology would provide a facile and quick synthesis of highly-active iron-based catalyst design for CO2 conversion.

Concomitant medication, comorbidity and survival in patients with breast cancer

Between 30% and 70% of patients with breast cancer have pre-existing chronic conditions, and more than half are on long-term non-cancer medication at the time of diagnosis. Preliminary epidemiological evidence suggests that some non-cancer medications may affect breast cancer risk, recurrence, and survival. In this nationwide cohort study, we assessed the association between medication use at breast cancer diagnosis and survival. We included 235,368 French women with newly diagnosed non-metastatic breast cancer. In analyzes of 288 medications, we identified eight medications positively associated with either overall survival or disease-free survival: rabeprazole, alverine, atenolol, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, estriol (vaginal or transmucosal), nomegestrol, and hypromellose; and eight medications negatively associated with overall survival or disease-free survival: ferrous fumarate, prednisolone, carbimazole, pristinamycin, oxazepam, alprazolam, hydroxyzine, and mianserin. Full results are available online from an interactive platform (https://adrenaline.curie.fr). This resource provides hypotheses for drugs that may naturally influence breast cancer evolution.

The Effect of Iron Supplements on the Gut Microbiome of Females of Reproductive Age: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly for young children and females of reproductive age. Although oral iron supplements are routinely recommended and generally considered safe, iron supplementation has been shown to alter the fecal microbiota in low-income countries. Little is known about the effect of iron supplementation on the fecal microbiota in high-income settings. ObjectivesTo assess the effect of oral iron supplementation compared with placebo on the gut microbiome in nonpregnant females of reproductive age in a high-income country. MethodsA 21-d prospective parallel design double-blind, randomized control trial conducted in South Australia, Australia. Females (18–45 y) were randomly assigned to either iron (65.7 mg ferrous fumarate) or placebo. Fecal samples were collected prior to commencing supplements and after 21 d of supplementation. The primary outcome was microbiota β-diversity (paired-sample weighted unique fraction metric dissimilarity) between treatment and placebo groups after 21 d of supplementation. Exploratory outcomes included changes in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa. ResultsOf 82 females randomly assigned, 80 completed the trial. There was no significant difference between the groups for weighted unique fraction metric dissimilarity (mean difference: 0.003; 95% confidence interval: –0.007, 0.014; P = 0.52) or relative abundance of common bacterial taxa or Escherichia-Shigella (q > 0.05). ConclusionsIron supplementation did not affect the microbiome of nonpregnant females of reproductive age in Australia.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05033483.

Self-supported iron-doped nickel oxide multifunctional electrodes for highly efficient energy storage and overall water-splitting uses

Caused by complex synthesis processes, slow diffusion rates, and the formation of undesired nanostructures, it is tedious to produce a high-quality nickel oxide (NiO) electrodes for potential energy storage and water splitting applications. This paper introduces a novel chemical technique for producing self-supported iron-doped NiO electrodes having a high concentration of oxygen vacancies by utilizing different iron-based salts i.e. iron nitrate, iron chloride, iron ammonium sulfate, iron fumarate, and iron sulfate salts. After examining physical properties, the electrochemical energy storage and water splitting measurements were performed where iron nitrate precursor-mediated self-supporting Fe-NiO electrode confirms the optimum performance. Specifically, it exhibits a specific capacitance (SC) of 3302.5 Fg−1 at a current density of 5 Ag−1. The as-fabricated Fe-NiO-A//Bi2O3 asymmetric supercapacitor has a broad voltage range of 1.5 V, a remarkable volumetric-energy-density of 98.2 W hkg−1 at a power density of 900 Wkg−1, and a long-lasting cycling life with 92.6 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at a current density of 15 Ag−1. A bifunctional Fe-NiO//Fe-NiO electrocatalyst demonstrates a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable long-term durability of 75 h without any degradation while operating at an ultra-low cell voltage of only 1.51 V, specifying importance of self-supported Fe-doped NiO electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and water splitting applications.

Intravenous Iron Sucrose Versus Oral Ferrous Fumarate for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women

Intravenous Iron Sucrose Versus Oral Ferrous Fumarate for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women

Comparative evaluation of anti-anemic effect of Sucrosomial iron in experimental model of iron deficiency anemia in Wistar rats

Abstract Anemia is a grave public health issue that affects 25% of the global population. Conventional iron formulations used in treatment have drawbacks such as poor bioavailability and gastric intolerability. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-anemic effects of different iron salts in Wistar rats with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA was induced by the validated pre-clinical model by retro-orbital bloodletting (1 ml) for 21 days along with an iron-deficient diet in Wistar rats. The rats (n=48) were assigned into 8 groups: Control group, IDA rats, IDA rats receiving either vehicle or different iron salts (ferrous sulfate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, and Sucrosomial iron) for 21 days at a dose of 30 mg/kg p.o. Hematological parameters and iron store indices were assessed at each visit. Anemia induction markedly reduced hemoglobin levels in all IDA groups on day 21. In contrast, iron supplements showed significant improvement in hematological profile after 21 days of treatment. Interestingly, the Sucrosomial iron-supplemented group (group 8) showed significantly higher improvement in hemoglobin levels and hematocrit than did conventional iron supplements such as ferrous sulfate (group 5), ferrous ascorbate (group 6) and ferrous fumarate (group 7) (p &lt;0.05 for each group, respectively). Sucrosomial iron also showed slightly better improvement in iron store indices (serum iron &amp; ferritin levels, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation [%]) when compared with other iron supplements (non-significant difference). Authors concluded that Sucrosomial iron has a significant potential to improve IDA in Wistar rats compared to conventional iron salts. Sucrosomial iron can be useful for the management of IDA either prophylactically or therapeutically.

The effect of iron absorption in ferrous gluconate form from enriched rice flour using an in vitro digestion model and a Caco-2 cell model.

Iron deficiency can cause serious diseases in infants and young children such as indigestion, anemia, and nervous system dysplasia. Consumption of high-iron rice flour can prevent iron deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential application of ferrous gluconate as an iron source in high-iron rice flour used as a type of accessory food for infants and young children. In this study, the differences in iron absorption ability between ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate in rice flour with the same ingredients in both high and low phytic acid systems were evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the bioaccessibility/bioavailability between ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate at both low and high phytic acid contents. In low phytic acid and high phytic acid systems, the iron absorption rate of ferrous gluconate is 11.53% and 13.45% higher than that of ferrous fumarate, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, the iron absorption rate of ferrous gluconate was higher than that of ferrous fumarate in the rice flour system. Additionally, the low phytic acid environment is more conducive to iron uptake and utilization. Therefore, ferrous gluconate can be used as an alternative source of iron in accessory foods for infants and young children.

Ferrous fumarate nanoliposomes: Formulation, characterization, and diffusion profiles

To assess the effect of cholesterol concentration in the preparation of ferrous fumarate nanoliposome toward its physicochemical properties and stability. Nanoliposomes were produced with cholesterol concentrations of 8, 12, and 16 mg using the thin film hydration method. The ultrasonic dispersion method and mini extruders were used to reduce the particle size. The nanoliposomes were evaluated for their physical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and transport in the in vitro model of skin absorption. Formula 3 showed the smallest size results, with spherical multilamellar vesicle globules with a relatively dense matrix structure and even distribution between particles with a positive zeta potential value with an encapsulation efficiency percentage value of 61.67% ± 0.50 and a cumulative amount penetrated at the second hour of 442.077 mcg/cm2 ± 17.270 with a flux value of 14.575 mcg/cm−2/hour−1. Formulation 3 with higher cholesterol concentration showed better physical characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro skin penetration compared to formulations with lower cholesterol concentration.

Predicting response to iron supplementation in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (PRIme): a randomised trial protocol

IntroductionIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common systemic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has detrimental effects on quality of life (QoL) and disease outcomes. Iron deficiency (ID),...

Effects of iron supplementation to iron depleted and iron replete pregnant Danish women: Defining criteria for identification of women who can manage without supplements. A randomized, placebo-controlled study.

To define criteria based on iron status parameters for the identification of healthy women who do need/do not need iron supplementation during normal pregnancy. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 113 women (62 iron-, 51 placebo treated) and their newborns. Iron dose was 66 mg elemental iron as ferrous fumarate daily from 14-18 weeks gestation to delivery. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum (S)-ferritin, S-transferrin saturation percentage, and S-erythropoietin were measured during gestation, prepartum, one week and 8 weeks postpartum. The women were divided in groups according to S-ferritin levels at inclusion:<30,≥30,≥40,≥50 and≥60μg/L. Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as S-ferritin < 15μg/L; iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as S-ferritin < 15μg/L and Hb < 110 g/L. Placebo treated women with S-ferritin levels < 30μg/L at inclusion had a much higher incidence of ID/IDA than placebo treated women with S-ferritin levels≥30,≥40,≥50, and≥60μg/L. S-ferritin levels≥40μg/L were associated with a very low risk of ID/IDA and none of the women with levels≥50 and≥60μg/L displayed ID/IDA. Women having S-ferritin < 30μg/L in early pregnancy, have a high risk of ID/IDA and should be recommended ferrous iron supplements in appropriate doses. With increasing iron reserves, i.e., increasing S-ferritin, the need for iron supplements diminishes, and placebo treated women having S-ferritin ≥40μg/L seldom develop IDA. Women with S-ferritin levels≥50 and≥60μg/L or higher, have adequate iron reserves and do not need routine iron prophylaxis in pregnancy. The results support the arguments for an individual iron supplementation guided by iron status, to avoid unwanted side effects of unnecessary iron intake.

Analysis of the iron states in iron-containing pharmaceutical products using Mössbauer spectroscopy

Iron-containing pharmaceuticals, namely: (i) PreNatal with ferrous fumarate, (ii) Tardyferon® with ferrous sulfate, (iii) Fenules with water free ferrous sulfate, (iv) Iron Complex with iron glycinate, citrate, (v) Gentle Iron, (vi) Hema-Plex® and (vii) Iron Bisglycinate with iron (ferrous) bisglycinate chelate (iron compounds are given as declared by the manufactures) were studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy with X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements for analysis of the iron state. The obtained results demonstrate that the iron compound announced by the manufacturer in each pharmaceutical is not homogeneous and exists as some modifications of this compound or results of its transformation/oxidation probably due to its instability. The presence of ferrous and ferric compounds is observed, and the relative ferric iron fractions are roughly determined for each pharmaceutical product. This analysis clearly shows the differences between the iron compounds proclaimed by the manufacturers and those obtained by Mössbauer spectroscopy. That justifies as to why this technique should be used for the control and analysis of the iron-containing pharmaceuticals.

An innovative synthesis of (Ag0-pullulan-Ag+) as an optical nanoprobe for sensitive and selective detection of Fe2+ ion based on redox reaction

Herein, we Synthesized an efficacious optical nanoprobe (Ag0-pullulan-Ag+) for sensitive and discriminative detection of ferrous ions (Fe2+) over ferric ions (Fe3+) in solution. Pullulan (PUL) biopolymer was used as the reductant of excess AgNO3, at moderate heating, so that stable and dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs or Ag0) were formed, which also contained an unreduced silver ion (Ag+), all intertwined in the pullulan polymeric matrix. Extensive characterization confirmed the role of PUL as a capping agent, while sharp Ag0 and Ag+ peaks were validated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ag0-PUL-Ag+ probe showed a sharp absorption maximum at 415 nm, having a majority size distribution around 20–30 nm, from TEM. The addition of Ag0-PUL-Ag+, acetate buffer pH 5.0, and Fe2+ under room temperature incubation led to Fe2+ reduction of available Ag+ to more AgNPs, based on redox reaction, with color progression from light yellow to yellow, orange, and brownish yellow. The ΔA@411 plotted against Fe2+ concentration was linear within 1.0–20.0 and 20.0–125.0 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 μM. The assay was selective to only Fe2+ over other metal ions and was applied to Fe2+ detection in tap water and in ferrous fumarate tablets with satisfactory accuracy/precision. Our work showed that with careful control of nanomaterial synthesis conditions, a sensitive detection probe could be obtained for impressive analyte sensing/detection.

Iron deficiency in the practice of a gynecologist: therapeutic efficacy

Introduction. Iron deficiency (ID) of varying severity is the most common and rather serious extra-gynecological complication of adenomyosis resulting from meno/metrorrhagia of varying intensity, up to abnormal uterine bleeding requiring surgical hemostasis. Taking into account the chronic course of the disease, the complexity of radical therapy as well as a systemic effect ID also particularly affecting reproductive system, an issue of sufficient and timely ID correction in patients with adenomyosis of varying severity remains relevant. Aim: to study an efficacy of ID therapy with drug containing ferrous fumarate and folic acid in patients with adenomyosis. Materials and Methods . An observational study was conducted, which included 90 patients with isolated adenomyosis of varying severity: 30 patients with degree 1 adenomyosis (group 1), 30 patients with degree 2 adenomyosis (group 2), 30 women with degree 3–4 (group 3). All patients received ferrous fumarate plus folic acid for 30 days. To identify an ID variant, the level of serum ferritin, iron, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity of blood serum (TIBC), clinical blood test parameters such as hemoglobin level, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured. Results. A significant increase in ferrokinetic parameters was found in all patient groups. The most significant and clinically important dynamics was noted for serum iron level and TIBC. For instance, after the therapy, the level of serum iron increased in group 1 from 11.0 ± 0.6 μmol/l up to 15.0 ± 1.1 μmol/l, in group 2 – from 9.0 ± 1.6 μmol/l up to 14 .0 ± 0.8 μmol/l, in group 3 from 7.0 ± 1.3 μmol/l up to 12.0 ± 1.3 μmol/l (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, a decreased TIBC was found in group 3: from 68.0 ± 1.8 μmol/l down to 58.0 ± 1.7 μmol/l (p &lt; 0.05); in groups 2 and 3 TIBC level tended to insignificantly decrease. Conclusion . The use of a preparation containing ferrous fumarate along with folic acid can effectively correct background ID of varying severity in patients with adenomyosis of varying intensity. An earlier and longer administration of iron preparations in patients with adenomyosis along with clinical and laboratory parameter monitoring is recommended to achieve more pronounced clinical effect.

Synthesis of Ferrous Fumarate from Indonesian Iron Sand and In Vivo Body Weight Gain Test in Rats

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a health problem in Indonesia. Prevention and treatment of IDA is carried out by giving fortified foods and oral iron therapy. Both can use ferrous fumarate which is made with reacting bivalent iron and disodium fumarate. Bivalent iron can be obtained from iron sand in Indonesia. This study aims to synthesize ferrous fumarate from Indonesian iron sand, which is from Malang, Sukabumi, and Cianjur area, and to determine its absorption through in vivo body weight gain test in male Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). First, ferrous fumarate was synthesized through reaction of ferrous sulfate, which was made from Indonesian iron sand with the highest iron content, which was from Sukabumi area, and disodium fumarate. Second, in vivo body weight gain test was conducted to 3 rat groups (negative control, ferrous sulfate group, and ferrous fumarate group, respectively) and monitored for two weeks. The results showed that ferrous fumarate was successfully obtained as brownish red-orange fine powder with yield of 62.17 ± 1.66 %. In addition, the in vivo body weight test suggested that the rats from ferrous fumarate group showed similar weight gain (35.1%) compared to those from the ferrous sulfate group (30.6%), indicating a possibility of iron absorption from ferrous fumarate.