Ferric Reducing Activity Research Articles

Effect of extraction solvents on polyphenolic composition and antioxidant, antiproliferative activities of Himalyan bayberry (Myrica esculenta)

Himalyan bayberry (Myrica esculenta) fruit in Indian Himalayan region was evaluated for total polyphenol contents, antioxidant, and anticancer activities in 4 different solvent systems namely 80% each of methanol, acidicmethanol, acetone, and acidic-acetone to ensure the optimum recovery. Himalyan bayberry acidic-acetone (MeAA) extracts showed highest recovery of phenolics, flavonoids, freeradical scavenging, and ferric-reducing activities followed by acetone (MeA), acidic-methanol (MeAM), and methanol (MeM) extracts. Both MeA and MeAA extracts showed potent anticancer activities leading to 70–92% reduction in the viability of C33A, SiHa, and HeLa cells while exhibiting no cytotoxicity towards normal transformed cell lines. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed abundance of gallic acid [793.74 mg/100 g of fruit weight (f.w.) in MeA], myricetin (345.6 mg/100 g f.w. in MeAA), caffeic acid (246.6 mg/100 g f.w. in MeM), catechin (190.181 mg/100 g f.w. in MeAA) while traces of chlorogenic acid (17.67 mg/100 g f.w. in MeAA), transcinnamic acid (5.91 mg/100 g f.w. in MeA), p-coumaric acid (5.84 mg/100 g f.w. in MeA), and ellagic acid (2.21 mg/100 g f.w. in MeA) corroborating the high antioxidant and anticancer activities of Himalyan bayberry fruit extracts.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Streptomyces species SRDP-H03 isolated from soil of Hosudi, Karnataka, India

In the present study, we report antibacterial and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces species SRDP-H03 isolated from rhizosphere soil of Hosudi, Karnataka, India. The isolate SRDP-H03 was assigned to the genus Streptomyces based on the cultural and microscopic characteristics. The ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SRDP-H03 showed marked inhibition of Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The extract was found to possess dose dependent DPPH free radical scavenging and Ferric reducing activity. UV spectral data of ethyl acetate extract showed strong absorption maxima (λmax) at 267 and 340nm. The isolate can be a potential candidate for the development of novel therapeutic agents active against pathogens and free radicals. Further studies on genomic characterization of isolate and isolation and structure determination of the bioactive compounds are under progress.

Effect of exercise on plasma paraoxonase1 activity in rugby players: Dependance on training experience

ObjectivesThere are conflicting data on the influence of physical activity on paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of maximal exercise (ME) on plasma paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) activity in elite rugby players. In addition, the influence of training experience and PON1 Q192R polymorphism on PON1 activity changes at ME was evaluated.MethodsTwenty-five elite rugby players ages 22.0 ± 3.71 years, consisting of 11 juniors – J (2–7 years of training) and 14 seniors – S (8–15 years of training), completed ME on a cycle ergometer. PON and ARE activity, ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP), uric acid (UA), and total bilirubin concentration, as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid profile were investigated in the plasma before, at the bout, and 30 minutes after ME.ResultsAt the bout of ME we found an increase in PON1 activities, ARE/high-density lipoprotein C ratio, TBil, and TChol. However, ARE activity changes were not observed in the group of rugby players training for ≤7 years. FRAP and UA increased later – 30 minutes after ME.ConclusionWe conclude that in rugby players PON1 changes during ME depend on age, body composition, and training experience. The influence of PON1 Q192R polymorphism on PON1 changes at ME remains debatable.

Antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds in edible sprouts

The consumption of sprouts has been growing worldwide, they are a natural healthy food, and were considered as a valuable dietary supplement by richer health‐promoting phytochemicals. The broccoli, cabbage, tah tasai, rape, radish, red radish and Kohlrabi sprouts were freeze‐dried, and then analyzed for antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds including ferric reducing activity power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity, total glucosinolate content, total phenolics and carotenoid. The FRAP of dried broccoli, cabbage, Tah Tasai, rape, radish, red radish and Kohlrabi sprouts were 93.44, 93.61, 94.81, 98.99, 100.88, 103.45 and 108.24 Fe2+ mM/g, respectively. Among seven edible sprouts, IC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging activity in radish and rape sprouts were excellent, and were 3.08 and 3.18 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content of sprouts species decreased in in the order of radish >; kohlarbi >; rape >; red radish >; tah tasai >; cabbage >; broccoli sprouts. Radish sprouts had higher total glucosinolate content than other sprouts, and the carotenoid of various sprouts showed beta‐carotene values between 12 and 15 mg/g. In this study it was indicate that the sprouts are a good source of phytochemical for our health‐promoting.

Preliminary structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Hawk tea (Litsea coreana var. lanuginosa)

Three polysaccharides were extracted from different leaf age Hawk teas (Litsea coreana var. lanuginosa) by hot water method. Preliminary structural characterization was conducted by physicochemical property, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing activity power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical and erythrocyte hemolysis were also evaluated. The physicochemical property analysis indicated significant differences in the three polysaccharides. The FTIR spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of the three polysaccharides. The SEM images demonstrated significant differences in the surface features of the different polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity assays revealed the obvious antioxidant activities of three polysaccharides, and the polysaccharides of Hawk primary leaf tea exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the other two polysaccharides. With current findings, the polysaccharides from Hawk primary leaf tea may have potential applications in food industries.

High Correlation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging, Ferric Reducing Activity Potential and Total Phenolics Content Indicates Redundancy in Use of All Three Assays to Screen for Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Plants from the Malaysian Rainforest.

Extracts of plants from the Malaysian rainforest and other fragile habitats are being researched intensively for identification of beneficial biological actions, with assessment of antioxidant behavior being a common component of such assessments. A number of tests for antioxidant behavior are used, with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP) assays often being used in parallel, and also with measurement of total phenolics content (TPC) as a surrogate marker for antioxidant capacity. The present study investigated the possible redundancy in using all three assays to determine antioxidant capacity in 92 extracts obtained from 27 plants from the Malaysian rainforest. The results demonstrated that the assays displayed a high (R ≥ 0.82) and significant (P < 0.0001) correlation with one another, indicating a high level of redundancy if all three assays are used in parallel. This appears to be a waste of potentially valuable plant extracts. Because of problems with the FRAP assay relating to color interference and variable rates of reaction point, the DPPH assay is the preferred assay in preliminary screening of extracts of plants from the Malaysian rainforest.

Evaluation of in vitro free radical scavenging potential of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 culture filtrate

The present study was carried out to determine the free radical scavenging potential of culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1. Antioxidant activity of culture filtrate, lyophilized culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 was determined by various in vitro assays such as ferric reducing power assay, phosphomolybdenum reduction, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The results revealed that the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 effectively scavenged DPPH (IC50 90.2μl/ml) and ABTS (IC50 13.2μl/ml) radicals in a concentration dependent manner. In all the assays, ethyl acetate extract registered higher antioxidant activity when compared with the lyophilized culture filtrate (LCF). In addition, ethyl acetate extract (1123.4μmole Fe(II)/mg extract) exhibited higher ferric reducing activity than the standard BHA (814.4μmole Fe(II)/mg extract). Further works are needed on the isolation and identification of antioxidant molecules from the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. AM-S1 culture filtrate.

Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Some Nepalese Medicinal Plants

Antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents of medicinal plants namely Usnea longifolia, Cetraria nepalensis, Parmelia minarum, Everniastrum nepalense, Rhododendron anthopogon and Fritillaria delavayi were analyzed via Folin-Ciocaltau assay, Ferric reducing activity power assay and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. All the tested plants depicted the antioxidant activity with variation in extent of activity among the plants. The FRAP (F-value: 387.4), DPPH (F-value: 89.684) and TPC (F-value: 559.163) values between the extracts showed the highly significant differences (P R. anthopogon among the plants tested.

Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Content of Macroalgae from Central Coast of Vietnam

Antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of 41 marine algae species including red, brown and green algae from central coast of Vietnam were evaluated. The extract of Sargassum polycystum, Chnoospora implexa, Chnoospora minima demonstrated great DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC50 values (0.08, 0.2; 0.26 mg dry extract/L; respectively), extract from Dictyota dichotoma was found to be highest total antioxidant capacity (19.6 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry seaweed) and Sargassum microcystum exhibited highest ferric reducing activity (23.1 mg Fe2+ equivalent/g dry seaweed). We found that only green algae showed a linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities.

Status of Systemic Oxidative Stresses in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

BackgroundThe involvement of local and systemic oxidative stress in intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and optic nerve damage has been hypothesized in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. To test this, we measured the systemic levels of prooxidants and antioxidants by analyzing the blood biochemistry in patients with glaucoma.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) (n = 206), exfoliation syndrome (EX) (n = 199), and controls (n = 126). Plasma levels of lipid peroxides, ferric-reducing activity, and thiol antioxidant activity were measured by diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (dROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and sulfhydryl (SH) tests, respectively, using a free radical analyzer.ResultsIn the PG, EX, and control groups, the mean ± standard deviation values were 355±63, 357±69, and 348±56 (U. Carr), respectively, for dROM; 1,951±282, 1,969±252, and 2,033±252 (µmol/L), respectively, for BAP (µmol/L); and 614±98, 584±91, and 617±99 (µmol/L), respectively, for SH. The differences in the BAP values were significant between the PG and control groups (p = 0.0062), for SH between the EX and control groups (p = 0.0017), and for SH between the PG and EX groups (p = 0.0026). After adjustment for differences in age and sex among groups using multiple regression analysis, lower BAP values were correlated significantly with PG (p = 0.0155) and EX (p = 0.0049). Higher dROM values with and without glaucoma were correlated with female gender, and lower SH values with older age. There were no significant differences between the higher (≥21 mmHg) and lower (<21 mmHg) baseline IOPs in the PG group or between the presence or absence of glaucoma in the EX group.ConclusionsLower systemic antioxidant capacity that measured by ferric-reducing activity is involved in the pathogenesis of PG and EX.

Piper betle shows antioxidant activities, inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and increases activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase.

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the focus on finding chemotherapeutic agents have recently shifted to natural products. Piper betle is a medicinal plant with various biological activities. However, not much data is available on the anti-cancer effects of P. betle on breast cancer. Due to the current interest in the potential effects of antioxidants from natural products in breast cancer treatment, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the leaves of P. betle and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.MethodsThe leaves of P. betle were extracted with solvents of varying polarities (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and their phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric assays. Phenolic composition was characterized using HPLC. Antioxidant activities were measured using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and hyroxyl radical scavenging assays. Biological activities of the extracts were analysed using MTT assay and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) assays in MCF-7 cells.ResultsOverall, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest ferric reducing activity and radical scavenging activities against DPPH, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals. This extract also contained the highest phenolic content implying the potential contribution of phenolics towards the antioxidant activities. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of catechin, morin and quercetin in the leaves. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest inhibitory effect against the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (IC50=65 μg/ml). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the plant extract increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase.ConclusionsEthyl acetate is the optimal solvent for the extraction of compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the treated cells could alter the antioxidant defense system, potentially contributing towards the anti-proliferative effect. There is great potential for the ethyl acetate extract of P. betle leaf as a source of natural antioxidants and to be developed as therapeutics in cancer treatment.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of phenolics isolated from fruits of Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus).

Yellow Himalayan raspberry, a wild edible fruit, was analyzed for phenolic contents, and antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Phenolics were extracted using 80% aqueous solvents containing methanol, acidic methanol, acetone and acidic acetone. Our analysis revealed that the acidic acetone extracts recovered the highest level of total phenolics (899mg GAE/100g FW) and flavonoids (433.5mg CE/100g FW). Free radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide and linoleate hydroperoxide radicals) and ferric reducing activity were highest in the acetone and acidic acetone extracts. No metal chelating or antibacterial activity was detected in any of the extracts. Acetone and methanol extracts showed potent antiproliferative activity against human cervical cancer cells (C33A) with an EC50 of inhibition at 5.04 and 4. 9mg/ml fruit concentration respectively, while showing no cytotoxicity to normal PBMCs cells. Therefore, the present study concluded that the yellow Himalayan raspberry is a potent source of phytochemicals having super antioxidant and potent antiproliferative activities.

Identification of the flavonoids in mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) soup and their antioxidant activities

Mung bean soup (MBS) has been traditionally taken as a kind of health food in China. To learn the mechanisms underlying its health benefits, antioxidant capacities of the soup prepared with three cultivars of mung bean were measured. The highest DPPH radical scavenging or ferric reducing activity was observed in soup of mung bean cv. Huang. The MBS of cv. Huang and Mao exhibited higher ABTS+ reducing activities than MBS of cv. Ming. The two major flavonoids in the MBS were purified and identified as vitexin and isovitexin, respectively. Modeling samples containing vitexin and isovitexin at the same levels as them in the MBS were prepared to assess their antioxidant contributions in the MBS. Our results showed that antioxidant capacities of the MBS mainly derived from vitexin and isovitexin, these flavonoids accounted for the most of total DPPH radicals scavenging, ferric reducing and ABTS+ reducing scavenging activities in MBS of all the three cultivars.

Antioxidant activity some endemic Iranian medicinal plants (Apiaceae)

Herbs and their products have been used in the food industry for their flavouring and biological activities since ancient times [1]. Oxidation, deterioration, and microbial reactions occurring in food products may cause economic loss [2]. In this study, seven plants were collected from their natural location in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and determined. By maceration method with methanol solvent, extracts were obtained. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was evaluated by three assays: DPPH, FRAP & TEAC. Among the plant extracts were evaluated in FRAP assay, Echiophora platyloba DC showed relatively strong ferric ion reducing activity with 3.38mg/ml. In TEAC assay, IC50 value of E. platyloba was determine to be 1.70mg/ml. In comparing different extracts, E. platyloba was found to be better antioxidants than the other plants, correlating with its high total phenolics and flavonoids content.

Ferric Reducing and Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Important Polyphenols Present In Foods

In the present study, the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of five major polyphenolic compounds (resveratrol, quercetin, myricetin, catechin, gallic acid) were compared by performing FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays followed by their reaction kinetics. Results obtained for the conditions used in this study demonstrated that the quercetin showed the highest ferric reducing ability, while gallic acid was the strongest radical scavenger. Resveratrol exhibited the lowest antioxidant and radical scavenger among the polyphenols assayed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative report on these polyphenols.

Antioxidant activities and polyphenolics from the shoots of Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng in a polar to apolar medium system

Solvents of different polarities (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) were used for the extraction of antioxidants from the leaves and stems of the shoots of Barringtonia racemosa. The leaf water extracts had the highest polyphenol and ascorbic acid contents. Flavonoids and carotenoids were highest in the leaf ethyl acetate extracts. The leaf water extracts had the highest ferric reducing activities and scavenging activities against ABTS, DPPH and superoxide anion radicals. Antioxidant activities of these extracts were comparable to, if not higher than the antioxidants BHT, ascorbic acid, rutin and gallic acid. UHPLC analyses revealed the presence of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin and kaempferol in the leaves. Overall, the leaves contained more antioxidant compounds and higher antioxidant activities than the stems. This study demonstrates the polar nature of antioxidants in the shoots of B. racemosa. There is great potential for the plant as a natural source of antioxidants.

Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of Selaginella willdenowii

Selaginella willdenowii is a plant used as traditional medicine and vegetable in some Asian countries. Unlike other medicinally important Selaginella species, little is known about the pharmacological properties of S. willdenowii. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of S. willdenowii, both fresh and dried prepared with or without heat treatment. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaf extracts were consistently higher compared with stem extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of hot water extracts of fresh leaves were up to 4.4-fold and 10.7-fold higher, respectively, when compared with all other extracts. Radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities of the leaf extracts were also consistently higher compared with stem extracts. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of hot water extracts of fresh leaves were up to 5.5-fold and 5.3-fold higher, respectively, when compared with all other extracts. Correlation analysis revealed that total phenolic content is likely a key determinant of the radical scavenging and ferric reducing abilities in the leaf extracts. Overall, our findings affirm the value of S. willdenowii as a medicinal herb as well as a source of dietary antioxidant. Key words: Ferric reducing antioxidant power, flavonoids, free radical scavenging activities,phenolics, Selaginella willdenowii, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity.

Antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of chlorogenic acid on human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the phenols isolated from Lonicera japonica Thumb. This study was designed to investigate whether CGA prevents human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–induced damage. The cell viability was examined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured using the thiobarbituric acid method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The antioxidant enzymes activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined photometrically. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was measured using the ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) assay. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), annexin-V binding and by assessment of caspase-3. Protein and mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the process of H2O2-induced damage, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and the expression of Bax was increased. The antioxidant enzymes activities and T-AOC levels were decreased. The content of MDA and the level of ROS were increased. Pretreatment with CGA significantly reduced oxidative stress by increased T-AOC levels and antioxidant enzymes activities, decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation. CGA significantly reduced apoptosis by up-regulation the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulation the expression of Bax. Taken together, these results suggest that CGA exhibits antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties to prevent H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Key words: Chlorogenic acid, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), hydrogen peroxide, oxidative stress, apoptosis.

Effects of acute creatine supplementation on iron homeostasis and uric acid-based antioxidant capacity of plasma after wingate test

BackgroundDietary creatine has been largely used as an ergogenic aid to improve strength and athletic performance, especially in short-term and high energy-demanding anaerobic exercise. Recent findings have also suggested a possible antioxidant role for creatine in muscle tissues during exercise. Here we evaluate the effects of a 1-week regimen of 20 g/day creatine supplementation on the plasma antioxidant capacity, free and heme iron content, and uric acid and lipid peroxidation levels of young subjects (23.1 ± 5.8 years old) immediately before and 5 and 60 min after the exhaustive Wingate test.ResultsMaximum anaerobic power was improved by acute creatine supplementation (10.5 %), but it was accompanied by a 2.4-fold increase in pro-oxidant free iron ions in the plasma. However, potential iron-driven oxidative insult was adequately counterbalanced by proportional increases in antioxidant ferric-reducing activity in plasma (FRAP), leading to unaltered lipid peroxidation levels. Interestingly, the FRAP index, found to be highly dependent on uric acid levels in the placebo group, also had an additional contribution from other circulating metabolites in creatine-fed subjects.ConclusionsOur data suggest that acute creatine supplementation improved the anaerobic performance of athletes and limited short-term oxidative insults, since creatine-induced iron overload was efficiently circumvented by acquired FRAP capacity attributed to: overproduction of uric acid in energy-depleted muscles (as an end-product of purine metabolism and a powerful iron chelating agent) and inherent antioxidant activity of creatine.

Antioxidant activities of licorice-derived prenylflavonoids

Glycyrrhiza uralensis (or licorice) is a widely used Oriental herbal medicine from which the phenylflavonoids dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD), and isoangustone A (IsoA) are derived. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of DGC, DGD, and IsoA. The three compounds showed strong ferric reducing activities and effectively scavenged DPPH, ABTS+, and singlet oxygen radicals. Among the three compounds tested, DGC showed the highest free radical scavenging capacity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells as assessed by oxidant-sensitive fluorescent dyes dichlorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium bromide. In addition, all three compounds effectively suppressed lipid peroxidation in rat tissues as well as H2O2-induced ROS production in hepatoma cells. This study demonstrates that among the three phenylflavonoids isolated from licorice, DGC possesses the most potent antioxidant activity, suggesting it has protective effects against chronic diseases caused by reactive oxygen species as well as potential as an antioxidant food additive.