Femininity In Society Research Articles

Privileged underdogs: the heterotopias and anti-political correctness of upper-class men in a Swedish digital space

ABSTRACT In this article, we focus on a Swedish upper class digital space called The Good Society, where texts, videos and discussions are published. In this digital space the elite comes out publicly as underdogs in relation to the supposed hegemony of political correctness and the Swedish welfare ideology. The upper class take the position of protectors against the feminization of society and the crisis of masculinity. We argue that this space can be understood in terms of what Foucault described as a heterotopia, a form of peculiar counter-space. Using multi-sited digital ethnography we discern a playful mimicking of the state, the public, the media and public conversation. The article concludes that it is important to acknowledge and critically examine such playful and peculiar heterotopias as counter hegemonic strategies, in order to understand how digital spaces are political and serve right-wing, masculinist populist mobilization.

Aspiración y Expectativa: Un Estudio de Percepción Social Sobre Robot Imaginario


 
 
 Technological advancement has led to a series of transformations in human life that have deeply permeated the innermost circle of the social sphere. Among these innovations, the development of social robots stands out, whose influence on the relationship between humans and technology, particularly in the field of care, is notable. The objective of this study is to carry out an investigation into the aspirations and expectations related to the development of social robots, from the perspective of older people and children, in the context of care in three countries: Spain, Romania, and Italy. With the involvement of 41 elderly people and 44 children, this study aims to identify the elements that generate feelings of approval or disapproval in relation to social robots. Using a participatory approach, this study expands the understanding of the perceptions and aspirations of children and elderly people, in relation to their vision of what shape a social robot might take. The analysis highlights that there is a tendency to feminize the representation of the imagined robot, as a consequence of the association with attributes and roles traditionally considered feminine in society. 
 
 

Analyzing the diffusion of feminist discourses on Chinese social media: A case study of the 2022 Tangshan restaurant attack.

Network platforms have ushered in a novel propagation model for feminist discourses. The emergence of oriental feminism in society has led to gender-based public opinions surrounding public events becoming a trending topic on Chinese social media. This study uses the 2022 Tangshan restaurant attack as a case study, an incident that sparked widespread discussions across China in 2022. The research gathered 366,602 network communication nodes within a week and examined the communication networks of three types of content nodes (information, opinion, and appeasement) using the complex network modeling method. The findings revealed that all three types of information communication networks exhibit an apparent scale-free characteristic, and the "key minority" of nodes significantly affects information communication. Information-type and appeasement-type Weibo display notable similarities in the quantity and degree distribution of nodes within the communication networks and in the information decay rate. Moreover, authoritative information issuers have become the primary catalyst for information propagation. Conversely, opinion-type Weibo has the widest communication network diameter and features a high degree of participation, multilevel propagation, and a slow decay rate. This indicates that the interaction between opinion leaders and netizens has enhanced the depth and breadth of information diffusion for opinion-type Weibo.

برصغیر پاک و ہند کی مثنویات میں نسائی معاشرت کی عکاسی : مومن خان مومن کا خصوصی مطالعہ

This article studies the reflections of feminine society in Masnavis of Momin Khan Momin. It finds that Momin khan Momin was the important Manavi writer of his time. He was poet of love & beauty. Momin refreshed/revolutionized/recreated feminine culture of India with his Masnavies. Momin wrote total 12 Masnavies, 6 of them was about love. In these 6 Masnavies we observe the awareness, the feeling of feminine culture. In his Masnavies, Momin used feminine character to create attractive & interesting dialogues. In his every Masnavi, we see rival adversary competitor woman in her society.

Feminism in Society, Art and Literature: An Introspection

A society is a group where both men and women co-exist, keeping the ride rolling. The best way for a woman to define her presence is to have equal access to high-quality education, political participation and empowerment. She enters politics to broaden the scope of her social engagement, takes care of her household, practices a professional career, takes care of her children etc. Feminists have engaged themselves into a large spectrum defining the role of women in various aspects, her status and the barriers faced. The present paper is an attempt to study the depiction of woman in society, art and literature, looking into the roles she takes part into and the problems she encounters. Keywords: Women in Literature, Social Study, Portrayal of Indian Women, Women in Art, Women in Politics

A Case Study on McDonald’s Advertisements from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

It is accepted that domestic advertisements cannot be simply translated and then put in other countries and regions directly since cultural differences and misunderstandings are common in intercultural communication. Under the guidance of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory, this paper, taking McDonald’s advertisements as examples, aims at analyzing why does McDonald’s put different media advertisements in different countries and regions and how Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension assists the design of advertisements? With qualitative content analysis, we find that McDonald’s usually employs elements related to “we” such as family or friendship to design advertisements for cultures characterized by collectivism. Secondly, different dimensions would be elaborated in one advertisement at the same time. Besides, subcultural factors such as homosexuality or street dance are common in advertisements launched in feminine societies. Lastly, leisure time or entertainment is usually taken to design advertisements by McDonald’s for short-term orientated countries and regions.

ПЕРЕВЕРНУТАЯ ЖЕНСТВЕННОСТЬ: ОБРАЗ МАТЕРИ В РОМАНЕ ОКСАНЫ ВАСЯКИНОЙ «РАНА»

Statement of the problem. Modern society requires women to preserve femininity, but what is femininity in fact and how do the authors of current texts understand it? Oksana Vasyakina is one of the few writers who openly calls herself a feminist and emphasizes that her writing is feminine. She examines the problems that modern women face, including the issue of perception of femininity in society. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of perception of femininity in modern society on the example of Oksana Vasyakina’s landmark novel “The Wound”. The research methodology was based on historical-cultural and structural-typological approaches. Research results. In the novel, we see that conforming to everyday ideas about femininity does not always mean achieving the ideal. Losing the physical attributes of femininity, the heroine’s mother begins to acquire the inner qualities that are characteristic of her. Death cuts off this path, but this allows the daughter to speak openly and without fear for the first time to her mother – the last, fifth chapter of the novel becomes the result of reflection, and for the first time in the entire story, the daughter addresses her mother directly, having worked through the wound received from this inverted femininity.

VERBALIZATION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES AND SEMANTIC PECULARITIES OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGIES WITH GENDER COMPONENT

The article deals with the problem of gender as a social construct and socio-cultural model of representation of the phenomena of masculinity and femininity in society as well as the notion of gender and gender stereotype. The research developed a semantic classification of gender-marked phraseology, according to which gender-marked phraseological units are most often used to denote man’s occupation (58 units / 29%), his\her character (30 units / 15%), relationships (22 units / 8.5%), mental and physical abilities (18 units / 9%), social status (17 units / 8.5%) and appearance (17 units / 8.5%). It is worth noting that in all these areas there is a constant tradition of male dominance as the head of the family, leader and authority. In the English-language picture, a woman is depicted as a wonderful mother and an exemplary woman for her husband. The lexical potential of phraseological units with a gender component and its implementation in English-language culture is revealed; fragments of the English-language picture of the world verbalized by gender-marked phraseological units reflect such stereotypes as: in key aspects of a man’s social life he is portrayed as powerful, courageous and strong, and all his negative traits and lustful behavior are taken for granted; at the same time, the feminine weakness of any man is strongly condemned, as are the attempts of women to gain power in the family, because according to the stereotypical views of society, a woman should be soft, weak and submissive. In most cases, a woman is portrayed as a fragile person who looks after her appearance and in some cases does not have high level of intelligence, while a man is an authoritative and important person.

Characterization of Beekeepers and Their Activities in Seven European Countries

Beekeeping is an ancient activity that is gaining interest among practitioners and society in general. It is as an activity with positive impacts in the environmental, social and economic spheres, with the potential to reconnect these dimensions and contribute to sustainable development. Thus, it is important to determine the profiles of beekeepers across the world, and to understand the main social, economic or ecological drivers that shape their activities. Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions were used to better explain differences between countries. A survey was undertaken of beekeepers in different countries (Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and Spain) in the native language of each nation. A total of 313 questionnaires, using an online platform or in paper form, was delivered face-to-face during training or dissemination events in 2019. Norway and Finland were the countries with the highest percentage of respondents with a university degree (>80%), while Spain (42%) and Croatia (48%) presented the lowest percentages. Most participants were experienced beekeepers (59% had more than five years of experience) with more than 50 colonies. With the exception of Italy, beekeeping appears to be a hobby or an additional professional activity. The main beekeeping products for these beekeepers were honey, wax, colonies and propolis, with an average honey production per season of 24.5 kg/hive. Crossing socio-demographic characteristics and Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions showed a relation among countries with higher Power Distance Index (PDI; this value expresses how society accepts and expects a certain inequality of power) and lower annual income and educational level (Croatia, Portugal, and Spain). A strong correlation appeared between Masculinity Femininity Index (MFI; this value refers to gender effects in society, with feminine societies meaning that the dominant values are caring for others and quality of life, as opposed to masculine societies, which are driven by competition, achievement and success) and age, income and education, with Norway presenting the most feminine society, with more educated and older beekeepers. The Uncertainty Aversion Index (UAI; this value explains how members of a society feel when dealing with unknown situations) was strongly associated with education. The results showed that increasing beekeepers’ income will contribute to balancing the distribution of power among members of society, and that this might be achieved by training, especially in Croatia, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.

Features of mentality and personal life of teachers in peripheral provinces of Russia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries

This paper considers the peculiarities of formation of provincial teachers' mentality seriously influenced by modernization processes in Russian society. The changes that occurred in the social sphere and their impact on the provincial teaching were a change of attitude towards faith, marriage and family relations, feminization of society, the transformation of social attitudes, and the formation of a new system of values. The new system of values that emerged in this period undermined the authority of traditional patriarchal foundations and conditions were created for the formation of a new demographic culture where educated women were also the bearers of progress. A new social attitude emerged, according to which social and professional statuses were not based on origin but on individual merit. These phenomena were also reflected in the development of the teaching profession as a social and professional group. Teachers' mentality is formed as a stable set of preferences formed at the level of collective consciousness around traditionally established socio-cultural norms.

Особенности трансформации роли мужчины в тувинском обществе

In modern humanities, including Tuvan studies, gender research is being widely developed. The problems of gender relations, the change of gender roles and statuses, and the feminization of society are only a small part of gender problems in modern Tuvan society. It is worth noting that gender research in Tuvan studies has an apparent bias towards the ‘women's issue’, the main theme of which was the ‘emancipation’ of the Tuvan woman in the 20th century. In the center of the gender research, not only in Russia, but also beyond its borders, there were mainly women. Less attention was paid to the ‘male’ topic, and it remained on the periphery of gender analysis for a long time. In this regard, the author of the article attempts to study the causes and features of the transformation of the role of men in Tuvan society. In the traditional Tuvan society, a man had the most important functions: social, political, and economic. Therefore, the man, being the central link, has always been a head of the family. The Tuvan man was both a breadwinner and a defender of the family. Men's work was considered more difficult and productive; mainly it was associated with cattle breeding, agriculture, and hunting. According to the traditional ideas of Tuvans, reflected in legends and folklore, a man, first of all, was associated with a warrior who defends justice and protects his native land, his family, clan and tribe from all kinds of troubles, enemy invasions. Significant changes in Tuvan society began in the 1930s century and continued after Tuva joined the USSR; the Soviet model of development was adopted in Tuva. The changes had caused not only positive, but also negative results, particularly, the destruction of traditional culture, detachment from spiritual education, ethical norms developed by Tuvans over the centuries. One of the consequences of these changes was the weakening of the role of men as the head of the family and his role in the upbringing of children. Several problems have arisen: a reduction in the number of men, low life expectancy, male mortality, low indicators of men's health, alcoholism, crime, unemployment, psychological and social problems, etc. Also, the article pays attention to the solutions of the identified problems adopted by the Tuvan society in the present time.

Vom Krieg zur Liebe. Nietzsches Philosophieren über Männlichkeiten im Lichte von Gegenwartsdebatten

Abstract Recent discussions have connected Nietzsche’s philosophy of masculinity to the return of authoritarian politics. Neoconservative debates about masculinity, and right-wing extremism, explicitly refer back to Nietzsche’s philosophy and often present democratization, a feminization of society, and political correctness as responsible for a weakening of masculinity. One example for this reception of Nietzsche’s writings is Jordan Peterson’s psychological diagnosis of a presumed crisis of masculinity. This article undertakes a comparison of Nietzsche’s philosophy of masculinities with Peterson’s neo-Jungian psychology of masculinity in the context of recent conceptualizations of patriarchy, misogyny, and gendered forms of ressentiment. This comparison will highlight that Nietzsche’s conception of masculinity is more complex, and has philosophically more to offer, than neoconservative ideas about masculinity that onesidedly foreground male strength. Finally it will be pointed out how a Jungian analysis discloses aspects of the Dionysian that are of relevance to contemporary gender studies of Nietzsche’s philosophy.

Cultural Impact on the Intention to Use Nursing Information Systems of Nurses in Taiwan and China: Survey and Analysis.

BackgroundNursing workforce shortage has emerged as a global problem. Foreign nurse importation is a popular strategy to address the shortage. The interactions between nursing staff on either side of the Taiwan Strait continue to increase. Since both nurses in Taiwan and nurses in China have adopted nursing information systems to improve health care processes and quality, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing nursing information system usage in nursing practice.ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of cultural and other related factors on nurses’ intentions to use nursing information systems. The findings were expected to serve as an empirical base for further benchmarking and management of cross-strait nurses.MethodsThis survey was conducted in two case hospitals (one in Taiwan and one in China). A total of 880 questionnaires were distributed (n=440 in each hospital).ResultsThe results showed effort expectancy had a significant effect on the intention to use nursing information systems of nurses in China (P=.003) but not nurses in Taiwan (P=.16).ConclusionsFindings suggest nursing managers should adopt different strategies to motivate cross-strait nurses to use nursing information systems. Promoting effort expectancy is more likely to motivate nurses in China than in Taiwan. This discrepancy is probably due to the less hierarchical and more feminine society in Taiwan.

Does Pay Matter to Everyone? A National Culture Analysis of Pay, Sex, and Job Satisfaction

Despite the importance of pay as a key incentive at work, the relationship between pay and job satisfaction is inconsistent. In the current study we propose that societal culture, more specifically, the Masculinity/Femininity and Individualism/Collectivism cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1991), moderate the relationship between pay and job satisfaction. We further examine the moderating effect of sex independently, and jointly, within the two cultural dimensions. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that examines the influence of culture on pay-job satisfaction relationship. The study consists of a sample of 147,827 individuals from 20 countries. The results supported our hypotheses by indicating that the impact of pay on job satisfaction is stronger in Masculine than Feminine societies and in Individualistic than Collectivistic societies. Further, we also hypothesized and found a three-way interaction indicating that pay is most strongly related to job satisfaction in societies that are high on both Masculinity and Individualism simultaneously. Finally, also consistent with our hypotheses, we report two three-way interactions between Individualism/Collectivism, sex, and pay, as well as between Masculinity/Femininity, sex, and pay on job satisfaction. These results support our hypotheses that sex interacts with Individualism/Collectivism and with Masculinity/Femininity in predicting pay-job satisfaction relationship.

Cross-cultural Research in Alumni Loyalty: An Empirical Study among Master Students from German and Russian Universities

ABSTRACT As a consequence of globalization and steadily declining financial state support, the strategic importance of alumni loyalty (AL) has remained topical in a competitive education market. Due to the vital role of AL, researchers created numerous econometric models to reveal primary drivers of AL. However, these models mainly focused on AL in English-speaking societies. Since consumer behavior can significantly depend on the cultural norm, research into Western alumni may not necessarily predict the behavior of alumni from Eastern countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the bond between the intention to AL (IAL) and its antecedents is sensitive to the cultural environment. Three of Hofstede’s (2001) dimensions were integrated into the integrative model of intention to alumni loyalty. The authors test this model using a structural equation modeling approach, multi-group as well as important performance analyses. A sample of 159 German and 229 Russian students reveals that predisposition to charity exerts a greater impact and integration exerts less influence on IAL enhancement in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic societies. In high power distance cultures, corporative quality (esp. university reputation) is an essential IAL driver. In contrast, interactive quality (esp. correctness of knowledge evaluation) is a critical factor in low power distance cultures. Benefits of the alumni association play a valuable role on IAL enhancement in both masculine and feminine societies. The findings can serve as a framework for developing a culturally stable universal alumni loyalty model that can be generalized from one cultural setting to another.

Los empeños de un impreso. Camila Henríquez Ureña y la revista Lyceum

Este artículo analiza la colaboración de Camila Henríquez Ureña como directora y autora de la revista trimestral Lyceum (1936-1939) en su primera época, publicada por la sociedad el Lyceum Club Femenino de La Habana. Para ello se explica el origen de la revista en relación con el fenómeno de las sociedades femeninas fundadas a inicios del siglo XX y, específicamente, la importancia cultural y social de esta institución de carácter privado en Cuba, lo cual representó un espacio fundamental para el encuentro intelectual de la sociedad habanera, de los intelectuales del exilio español y de la comunidad internacional. Por su alto valor documental, los 14 números que constituyen el corpus de la revista Lyceum en este período representan una fuente imprescindible para conocer los principios programáticos que alentaron la publicación y sus alcances, desde la labor intelectual de Camila Henríquez Ureña, quien además de emprender un intenso activismo feminista, colaboró en otros proyectos con Fernando Ortiz y José María Chacón y Calvo, entre otros.

Desviadxs: personas trans y sus discursos respecto a ocupaciones

Esta investigación propone reconocer discursos subalternos de personas transexuales-transgénero (trans) acerca de sus ocupaciones, visibilizando la diversidad de sus prácticas sociales. La metodología fue cualitativa, de carácter descriptivo-interpretativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, semi-estructuradas, a cuatro personas mayores de 18 años, seleccionadas de manera intencionada. Se efectuó análisis de discurso, estableciendo tres ejes: autoreconocimiento; discurso y ocupación; práctica social y sus lugares de enunciación. Los resultados dan cuenta de que lxs sujetxs trans desarrollan su identidad desde estereotipos de género referentes a la dicotomía hombre-mujer, donde socialmente lo masculino presenta privilegios sobre lo femenino; así, se advierte que la heteronormatividad patriarcal está implícita en sus ocupaciones y en su vida cotidiana. Emergen discursos dominantes y subalternos, comprendidos desde lo bueno-aceptable y lo malo-fuera de la norma.

Feminism and Society as Symetrically Related Concept

It is a truism that no man can live successfully in isolation of fellow men. This notable truth depicts the fact that man is a social being who can only survive within the ambience of the society. The smallest unit of the society however is the family which is the relationship between a man and a woman. The society will function well where both sexes plays its roles adequately. In order for the women to adequately discharged their obligation in a given society and contribute their own quota is the consciousness behind the movement called feminism. The focus of this paper is to examine the nature of feminism and its functions in society. Attempt is made to highlight the intricate relationship between society and feminism. Feminism and society are multi-dimensional concepts and this account for the existence of several definitions of these concepts. This notwithstanding, some definitions relevant to the subject-matter of this paper will be provided.The paper is divided into different parts. The introduction constitutes the first part. Conceptual clarification of feminism will be provided in the second part. The third part considers the nature of society. The role of feminism in society or societal development is discussed in the fourth part. The summary or conclusion is presented in the final part. Keywords : Society, Feminism, Development, Gender, Rights. DOI : 10.7176/JPCR/41-02

Sustaining Employees through Co-worker and Supervisor Support: Evidence from Thailand

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to examine the effects of perceived co-worker and supervisor support on employees’ intention to quit in the food and beverage industry in Thailand. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 322 entry-level employees were recruited from one of Thailand’s largest food and beverage company as respondents for our survey. Data were then analysed using the OLS regression.Research findings: Our results highlight that workplace social support as indicated by existing literature were predominantly conducted in Western countries and these were found to be inapplicable in the Thai context. Our study also highlights some inconsistent results between the different age group of workers. Theoretical contributions/Originality: Our study expands on previous literature by making empirical contributions from the perspective of Thailand. As a collectivistic and feminine society, Thailand carries results that are different from the West. Our study also makes contributions by providing evidence drawn from the different age group perspective. Practitioner/Policy implications: Companies in Asian countries should reconsider their strategies in retaining workers. Our results offer strategies that are guided by the outcome generated from an Asian context which is highly different from the Western context. Research limitation/Implications: Since this study only focused on employees from one company, the generalisability of our results may be restricted. Keywords: Co-Worker Support, Supervisor Support, Intention to Quit, Employee Retention, Employment SustainmentJEL Classification: M12, M54, M59

The Field of Elementary Education as “Herland”: Elementary School Teachers’ Femininity in Society

The Field of Elementary Education as “Herland”: Elementary School Teachers’ Femininity in Society