Feminist Figures Research Articles

Kontribusi Pemikiran Tokoh Feminisme Islam

Women in Islamic studies have reached a very important position. Many gender activists have discussed this topic, especially regarding gender equality. Several prominent feminist figures in the struggle for women's rights and gender equality include Qasim Amin, Amina Wadud Muhsin, and Fatimah Mernissi. Each of them has their own views about women. This article was prepared with the aim of presenting several opinions from these feminist figures and then extracting them. The writing of this article applies library research methods by collecting library materials sourced from books, journals and online articles. Based on this study, the view is obtained that Islamic feminist thought is very influential in reconstructing the interpretation of the position of women in Islamic law. This is a form of confirmation that interpretation is a subjective matter that is greatly influenced by the interpreter. Muslim feminist thought is actually relevant to the current context where men and women have equal positions.

Take the Red Pill, Blame Feminism: Victimization Narratives Across the Manosphere

Male supremacist online communities have been linked to a number of negative outcomes over the last decade, including alt-right mobilizations, digitally-mediated campaigns of harassment against prominent feminist figures, and incidents of mass violence. These digital spaces are aligned in their commitment to narratives of male victimization at the hands of women and feminism, but are somewhat heterogenous in their topical foci and applications of male supremacist ideologies. Such variation reflects both differences in how groups conceive of the problems of facing men, and potentially contributes to the different types of harm wrought by these communities.

Kyai Husein Muhammad’s Perspective on Gender Equality in Efforts to Reconstruct Indonesian Women’s Role in the 20th Century

The discourse on women is synonymous with discussions of oppression, violence, discrimination, subordination, and the patriarchal domination over women’s existence. Women seem to lack the space and time to voice their rights like men. Over time, the discourse on gender equality has been advocated by several figures who are aware of the injustices women have experienced. The fate of women in various countries is almost similar, and the women in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century also experienced similar challenges. The women’s movement began to emerge, although it was not yet widespread. Towards the end of the 20th century, a prominent Indonesian Muslim feminist figure, Kyai Husein Muhammad, emerged, striving to defend women’s legitimate rights in the public sphere. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive historical approach, using historical research methodology including heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded thatthe general contestation of women’s role in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century revealed that many women did not receive their rights on par with men. The women’s movement existed but was still limited. In the mid-20th century, the women’s movement grew, though not yet comprehensive. Towards the end of the 20th century, Indonesian women made significant progress and succeeded in obtaining public space to voice their rights. Kyai Husein became a phenomenal figure thanks to his contributions in advocating for women’s rights, earning him the title of a feminist Kyai. He held the perspective that men and women are equally human. Women are the mothers of humanity, entitled to possess all their human potential in capacities relatively equal to men

Witches in Swamps, Sirens at Sea, and Leviathans of the Deep: Feminist Figures that Haunt our Social Media Worlds

This article considers the resurgence of the monstrous feminine in digital culture, focusing on the memetic manifestation of witches, sirens, and leviathans. We trace the histories of these figures in the digital present, dwelling with their legacies to map and document the feminist resistance that has emerged in response to the neoliberal, misogynist culture of digital space that seeks to stamp out transgression. These media ecologies of the internet thrive on the networked misogyny, white supremacy, and polarization of their systems, brought in by the tech bros who coded them. From within these conditions, we illustrate how digital witches, sirens, and leviathans fight back, offering resistance that transcends digital bounds. In the face of the misogyny of digital culture at large, we argue that each of these figures linger, haunting as they embody, ground, and serve anti-capitalist feminist resistance.

GENDER INSIGHT IN THE PROCESS OF HUMAN CREATION AL-QURAN PERSPECTIVE

This article examines the thoughts of a reforming Islamic figure who is a modern Muslim commentator and feminist figure regarding the origins of human creation, including what is contained therein, namely how the concept of gender has become a controversial topic among Islamic figures and Muslim feminists. Feminists claim that there is an element of discrimination against women in the interpretation of classical commentators where in every verse relating to gender, they seem to only elevate the status of men compared to women. However, in reality, Islam is not like that. Islam is a just religion, equalizing the status of men and women. With this discriminatory interpretation, feminists believe that it is necessary to reinterpret the verses of the Koran with a gender perspective, so that the concept of justice in Islam can be immediately revealed. The research method in this paper is a comparative method based on literature study. The results of this research will be able to reveal the concepts of nafs wahidah and zauj in surah al-Nisa verse 1 and al-Zumar (39): 6 which are key to the analysis of the gender problems faced.

GANGUBAI KATHIAWADI (2022): THE EMPOWERING RESISTANCE

The paper argues that we can view the filmic representation of Gangubai Kathiawadi (2022) as a symbolic 'empowering resistance' to injustice in forced prostitution in Asia. The analysis relies on an empowering feminist point of view throughout an investigation of film elements of narration, language use (as translated into English), and symbolization. The paper demonstrates that the resistance is based on three reasons: (1) Depictions of traumatic realities in prostitution with four factors related to India's prostitution, (2) Representation of the objectification of female bodies observed through Catherine Barry's four stages of dehumanization in prostitution, and (3) Portrayal of Gangubai as a moral character, being a virtuous leader and mother figure, which contradicts her conceived social stigmas as a 'devalued prostitute' and the underworld 'Mafia Queen of Mumbai.' Adding to the study, the symbolic analysis reveals that the representation of the color 'white' signifies the character's morality and purity, highlighting her position as an alleged victim. Furthermore, the color endorses a resisting message against prejudice against women in prostitution. The study sheds light on the social conduct of female prostitution that traumatizes women. Most importantly, it offers an alternative interpretation of the representation of a prostitute character, not as a woman in vulnerability, but as a victorious powerful feminist figure.

From Zin the Mythical Heroine to Zilan, the First Kurdish Female Suicide Bomber: The PKK’s Creation of a New Feminist Figuration

This article examines how the <i>Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan</i> (PKK) and its leader Abdullah Öcalan draw inspiration for their national struggle, through an appropriation of the female figure Zin from the 1692 classic Kurdish love myth <i>Mem and Zin</i> written by Ehmedê Xanî (1650-1707), turning her into a symbol of love for the nation. Based on interviews with some fully-fledged members of PKK and Abdullah Öcalan’s written works, as well as observations from fieldwork conducted in the mountainous areas of Iraq, this article will analyse how an old love story has become entangled with the PKK’s national struggle and its pursuit of a new human type, one that might truly represent a new type of freedom fighter. In this re-configuration, love for the opposite sex must be transformed radically into love for the native land, with death as a consequence if sacrifice is seen as necessary. Drawing on the work of Donna J. Haraway, Elisabeth Grosz and Rosi Braidotti, this analysis examines how history, nature, geography, myth, and nostalgia are employed in the re-configuration of gender and love, and in the creation of a new feminist figuration that recalls Haraway’s cyborg figure.

Tafsir Al-Qur'an Dalam Perspektif Kaum Feminis (Pemikiran Asma Barlas Dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Islam)

The interpretation of the Qur'an is important in giving meaning to the purpose and purpose of the Qur'an. Because with this interpretation, Muslims can know and even carry out the teachings of Islam as contained in it. On the one hand, admittedly or not, Looking at the mufassir in the classical era, that most of them, or it can be said that all of them are men, so that unconsciously in carrying out their interpretation is always subjective and tends to side with their people (the men) and they do not accommodate the interests of women. Therefore, it is natural that the interpretations produced still reflect patriarchal biases, especially when they are read in the present context. 
 Asma Barlas as one of the female feminist figures appeared to provide solutions, one of which was the need for a re-reading of the texts of the Qur'an whose interpretations were dominated by patriarchal ideology, thus giving rise to the spirit of liberation towards women and upholding the perspective of egalitarianism in the re-reading of verses from the Qur'an. She tried to deconstruct and paradigmatically reconstruct models of interpretation that tend to marginalize the role of women, both in religious, political, and social settings. Asma wants the truth of understanding of how to read religion (the Qur'an) and also wants women to be free from the negative image in Islam as it has been developing.
 Based on the problems that occurred above, the researcher formulated the following problem: How does the classical era's interpretation of the Qur'an relate to women? And what is the concept of Qur'anic interpretation in Asma Barlas's perspective?
 Looking at the variables, this study wants to examine the opinions of the mufassir, so this study can be called the character study approach. However, the character study approach is part of qualitative research and the method uses qualitative research as is customary. The study of figures was chosen as an approach, because the researcher wanted to inventory, critically evaluate, and conclude about the thoughts and opinions of the mufassir regarding the concept of Qur'anic interpretation of the Qur'an and Women or gender similarity in the perspketive of the Qur'an.

The Cenote as Material Feminist Figuration: From the Holocene to the Halocline

ABSTRACT Cenotes are naturally occurring freshwater sinkholes that are formed when limestone bedrock erodes, exposing subterranean water. They are visually striking: cavernous, circular holes in the ground that drop down to the shimmer of bright blue water. Building on the genealogy of feminist figures, this article argues that cenotes are rich feminist figurations that can assist us in thinking through the complexities of ecological crises in the Anthropocene. I utilise scuba diving in cenotes as a method of bodily enquiry, drawing on fieldwork conducted at eight cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico to demonstrate how thinking with the rich material-discursive composition of cenotes can question and undermine normative approaches to the Anthropocene. Cenotes are spaces of rupture and affective possibility, transitional zones that privilege fluidity over categorisation. By analysing cenotes and their unique hydro-geological formations as a distinctly feminist figuration, I argue that the binary onto-epistemologies implicit in the Anthropocene can be challenged and re-thought through the radical liminality of the cenote. I propose that thinking-with cenotes engenders an understanding of what I call a hydro-geologic corporeality and subjectivity that emphasises the liminal boundaries between the body (bios), the water (hydro), and the geologic (geos).

Debunking the normalisation of sexual violence on screen through #MeToo movement: The case of Hollywood films

This study examines the denormalisation of sexual violence against women in the #MeToo movement-themed Hollywood films. The strong presence of the social-political #MeToo movement in the past decade has influenced Hollywood films. The movement plays a major role in increasing public awareness of how devastating sexual abuse is against women and in challenging the current patriarchal system in society. This study uses descriptive research methods and adopts thematic analysis to critically analyse the denormalisation of sexual violence against women in Hollywood films with the #MeToo movement as their theme. This research used three Hollywood films as the units of analyses: On the Record, Athlete A, and Bombshell. This study found that these films are essential in denormalising sexual violence against women on screen. The findings show the three important characteristics shared among these three films. First, they shed light on the existence of the power imbalance between the perpetrators and victims. Second, they show the transformation of female victims of sexual violence into feminist figures. Last, they denormalise sexual abuse. The findings benefit academics who are interested in movie and gender studies as well as practitioners who promote gender equality and women’s rights.Keywords : Hollywood film; the #MeToo Movement; Sexual Violence; Denormalisation of Sexual Violence

Reimagining the Family, Lesbian Mothering in Contemporary French Literature by Robert Payne

Reviewed by: Reimagining the Family, Lesbian Mothering in Contemporary French Literature by Robert Payne Anoosheh Ghaderi Payne, Robert. Reimagining the Family, Lesbian Mothering in Contemporary French Literature. Peter Lang, 2021. ISBN 978-1-78874-772-1. Pp. 209. This book provides a comprehensive study of the picture of the paternal role in 21st century French lesbian writing. The author selected ten texts from 1970 to 2013, a period in which PACS (civil solidarity pact) was avidly debated across diverse fields in France. He argues that recognition of LGBTQ+ civil rights such as the legalization of same-sex marriage to reproduction and adoption laws, the emergence of self-portrayals of same-sex families, and the advent of discourses on lesbian mothering opened the path for a more inclusive image of the family. Focusing on the lesbian motherhood experience, Payne also explores lesbian writing, which, according to him, has not received equal scholarly attention as literary works produced by gay men. He also aims to acknowledge literature's precedence over legal endorsements in reflecting and contributing to social changes in the case of LGBTQ+ communities. Payne begins his analysis by showing the limits of feminist and psychoanalytic theories when applied to lesbian mothering. With their aversion to the patriarchal model of the family in a heterosexual, heteronormative context, key feminist figures such as Simone de Beauvoir expressed critical views of motherhood. But according to Payne, feminism, and psychoanalysis are myopic to the empowering role that motherhood plays in a non-heteronormative context. Contemporary lesbian writings reflect a more positive portrayal of motherhood and challenge the notion of parenting as a non-biological, non-heterosexual concept. Payne believes that some of the texts actually prefigure the debates on same-sex families in France by queering the concept of parenting through rethinking the fundaments of the family as a biological, binary unit. Nevertheless, the portrayal of same-sex families constantly oscillates between resembling or differentiating from heterosexual families while maintaining equality. The author concludes that the tendency to portray the personal experience of mothering as a lesbian supersedes radical views on motherhood and inclines to normalize lesbian mothering. Therefore, a groundbreaking image of lesbian parenting is yet to be achieved. In his concluding note, he assesses the lack of more transgressive views on the shape of the family in this body of literature. He regrets the inadequacies of these narratives in surpassing the body politics and the ordinary, heterosexual shape of mothering. Undoubtedly, Payne's study of French lesbian writings forwards the discussion surrounding lesbianism and motherhood in important ways. However, the author's final reservations stand in tension with his initial argument about literature's precedence over both social changes and legal recognition. Concluding the book with a comment on the perceived inadequacies of the movement, the analysis tends to unhelpfully mix descriptive and prescriptive approaches. This is likely due to the author's attempt to engage the subject matter from a supposedly purely academic point of view. This criticism, though, does not take away from the ultimate value that Payne's study adds to this difficult and often fractious discussion. [End Page 198] Anoosheh Ghaderi Louisiana State University Copyright © 2023 American Association of Teachers of French

TELAAH PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN TAFSIR FEMINISME AMINA WADUD TERHADAP MASYARAKAT MUSLIM BARAT

Since before Islam arrived in Arab landsl until now it has spread throughout the world, gender injustice still occurs, men often marginalize women, especially in terms of leadership. Amina Wadud Muhsin feels a patriarchal feeling from the phenomenon of Muslim society that occurs. Amina resolved that the problem was contrary to the message of the Koran which brings justice to all mankind regardless of gender. This assumption stems from his concern that interpretations are carried out by men without the participation and views of women, eventually leading to interpretations that are detrimental to women. From this concern then mad e Amina Wadud fight for women's rights through the feminist movement she was carrying. The research method used is qualitative with sources to the recognition of libraries taken from books, journals and other scientific works. The form of research is character research by studying the thoughts of feminist figures Amina Wadud Muhsin and their influence on Western Muslim society. The results of this study then found that Amina Wadud's breakthrough feminist thinking influenced the thoughts of Muslim women in Western countries. This can be seen from the change in their mindset which no longer wants to just follow or be controlled by men. Feminism fighters carried out many reforms such as the emergence of Lady Imam which was pioneered by Amina Wadud with mixed congregations of men and women on the grounds that women can also be leaders like men (gender equality), they believe that that is the message of justice brought down by al -Quran. Western Muslim women began to lead prayer/worship rituals which were generally carried out by men.

Last Laughs: Perspectives on Women and Comedy

Last Laughs: Perspectives on Women and Comedy

Listening to Anohni's variously vibrating voice: studying transfeminine vocality in 21st-century popular music culture through the concept of vocal figurations

AbstractThis article examines the work and reception of singer-songwriter Anohni to investigate sonic and discursive negotiations of transfeminine vocality in 21st-century popular music culture. Developing Haraway's concept of feminist figurations, it introduces the concept of vocal figurations, which articulates a performative, relational and multiply mediated understanding of voice, wherein gendered voice takes shape through processes of voicing and listening. I initially examine Anohni's reception to analyse how biologist, trans-exclusionary and othering discourses surrounding voice and gender inform emergent discourses of transfeminine voices in the first decades of the 21st century. Subsequently, I build on trans and queer theorisations of voice and listening to engage Anohni's variably vibrating voice as a vocal figuration that may challenge biologist and marginalising constructions of transfeminine vocality. I suggest that it may attune us to recognise all gendered voices as thoroughly situated yet changeable configurations of sounding voices, bodies, and subjects.

The Women’s Movement in India (III): Feminist figures at the beginning of the fourth phase

The Women’s Movement in India (III): Feminist figures at the beginning of the fourth phase

The womens movement in India (II): Feminist figures within the post-independence and its third phase

The Indian Post-Independence period began with the partition of the country into India and Pakistan and the end of British colonization. Due to the new Indian government, India had to deal with the problem of mass migration from Pakistan and the resulting communal conflicts, including the problem of caste-based discrimination and violence against women. The environment among the populace encouraged social activists to develop throughout the post-independent period, which eventually led to the third phase of the Women's Movement's birth. This paper approaches the influence of the public activists who struggle towards the achievement of social issues during the Indian post-independence (from 1947) and the setting-up of the third phase of the Women's Movement.

The women's movement in India (I): Feminist figures before and within its first phase and second phase

The women's movement in India (I): Feminist figures before and within its first phase and second phase

Visceral Acts: Gestationality as Feminist Figuration

Reproductive labor has recently become the site of renewed theoretical interest. Despite this resurgence, visceral acts of procreative “life-making” continue to be undertheorized, particularly in social reproduction feminism. I argue that the vocabulary of “reproduction” is insufficient to capture the paradoxes, fugitivity, and gender-rupturing potentialities of procreative labor. In an effort to theorize the paradoxical contours of these labors, I develop “gestationality” as a feminist figuration. Gestationality is shown to be a productively unruly figuration, with the potential to carry and recognize the multiple ambiguities of procreative labors. Furthermore, I argue that gestationality offers a way of conceptualizing procreative labor that is not predictably tied to “women,” cisgendered embodiment, white repronormativity, the gender binary, or individual wombs. In the essay, I focus on five unruly residues of gestationality: namely, psychofleshy paradoxes, sticky afterlives, fugitivity, un/gendering, and posthuman expansions. I argue that gestationality offers the possibility of reimagining the politics of visceral life making as part of a broader project of anticapitalist, intersectional, environmental, feminist, and trans-inclusive gestational justice.

My Name Is Alice Guy

Founded in Paris in October 1973, the feminist collective “Musidora,” which was named for the actress, director, screenwriter, and film critic Jeanne Roques, also known as Musidora, was instrumental in generating new interest in women’s film history. This essay examines the collective Musidora’s speculative approaches to the first woman filmmaker, Alice Guy Blaché, by way of Nicole-Lise Bernheim’s short film Qui est Alice Guy? (Who Is Alice Guy?, 1976). Its focus lies in particular in how the members of the Musidora collective, which often represented Guy Blaché in their image, as a strong independent woman struggling to be recognized as a filmmaker in France, transformed Guy Blaché into a feminist figure of French film history through speculative means. In doing so, the collective Musidora reveals not our limited knowledge of the past, but rather the possibilities of changing the present through both historiographical and fictional means.

Auntylectuals: a nonce taxonomy of aunty-power

ABSTRACT South Asian aunties are responsible for gatekeeping in the social relations of caste-based heteropatriarchal families and in white supremacist academia. Through collective performative writing, we name the category of aunty-power, exploring its possibilities for upending the hegemonies that persist in South Asian culture, and in South Asian Studies. We are acutely aware of the need to resist Hindutva and Islamophobia and interrogate what is at stake in South Asian invocations of “aunty.” We present a reconceptualization of the aunty as subject through the figure of the auntylectual, our attempt to imagine a potentially transformative feminist figure who challenges these hierarchies.