Female Secondary School Students Research Articles

Study on Dropout Rate of Tribal Female Secondary School Students

Education is a highly fundamental prerequisite for human progress. Education is essential for both individual and national growth. India has the largest tribal population. However, many underprivileged Indian tribes are still unable to complete their education. Dropout is a major problem in the globalised educational system. The present study has a significant role to study the dropout rate of female tribal students linked with the casuses. The simple random sample technique was adopted for the selection of the sample from five secondary schools of Nilgiri Block of Balasore District odisha. The present study had made a questionnaire, interview schedule and focus group discussion to collect data by descriptive survey method. The result highlighted that the total ST Girls dropout rate is 36.8%. The highest rate of dropout appeared in class-ix and lowest in class x. The causes of dropouts were categorized under socio-economic, academic and personal causes.

Levels and Major Causes of Saudi Students’ Speaking Anxiety (SA) in EFL Classrooms

The current study examined students’ levels of English SA and its major causes. It adopted a mixed-method approach that included both quantitative (structured questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data. Fifty first-year female Saudi secondary school students completed a structured questionnaire and 8 of them were interviewed. The findings revealed that students experienced a moderate level of anxiety when speaking English in the classroom. Moreover, students’ SA was caused by several causes, such as communication apprehension, low self-confidence, linguistic barriers, fear of negative evaluation, and fear of making mistakes. The study recommends that teachers should learn to detect and recognize the signs of students’ SA, motivate their students and help them to be more self-confident. Furthermore, they need to assure their students that making mistakes is an important part of the learning process and stress the significance of respecting classmates when they make mistakes. They also need to work on enhancing the linguistic components that cause hesitancy and anxiousness among students. Finally, teachers can consider requesting additional support, for example from the school principal, beyond what is available in the classroom.

Urinary schistosomiasis among female secondary school students in Ndokwa East Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria: Knowledge, risk factors and prevalence

x`Undiagnosed and untreated cases of urinary schistosomiasis in females usually lead to severe gynaecological complications, collectively known as Female Genital Schistosomiasis. Periodic assessment of schistosomiasis in vulnerable endemic communities will prevent late diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among female secondary school students in Ndokwa East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. A Cross-sectional research design and multi-stage sampling technique were used to select 401 female secondary school students in the Ndokwa East Local Government Area. Participants’ urine samples were obtained and examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on the knowledge of schistosomiasis and exposure to known schistosomiasis risk factors from each participant. Urinary schistosomiasis was not detected in any of the analysed samples. Most students were uneducated (8% had good knowledge) regarding the infection. The absence of egg- patent prevalence in the samples may be due to mass administration of praziquantel to control the disease in the LGA. Knowledge about the disease was low. None of the independent variables was a significant predictor of knowledge about urinary schistosomiasis.

EVALUATION OF GENITAL HYGIENE BEHAVIORS OF FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: IN TURKIYE

<b>Aim:</b> The study was conducted to evaluate the genital hygiene behaviors and orientations habits of female secondary school students in the adolescent period.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted in a descriptive and correlational design between February and June 2022 to determine.<b> </b><br /> The study population consisted of 355 female students studying in all high schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Vize district of Kırklareli province in Turkiye. It aimed to reach the entire population without determining the sample size. As a result, 194 female students who volunteered to participate in the study were included in the sample. In data collection, the "Personal Information Form" and "Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale" were applied using the face-to-face interview method.<br /> <b>Results:</b> It was found that the mean age of the students was 15.74±1.1, the majority of them lived with their parents, more than half of them (67.5%) didn’t receive information about genital care and hygiene, almost all of them (92.3%) used materials for cleaning the genital area, their genital hygiene behaviors were positive, and they thought that they were given inadequate education about hygiene at school or in classes. It was determined that the genital hygiene behaviors and menstrual hygiene of the students living with only a mother or father were more positive, and the use of materials for genital hygiene was higher in the students living in the city center and district compared to the students living in the village.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>As a result, it was observed that the mother's education level, family income level, and the person living with her positively affected general hygiene and menstrual hygiene habits.<br /> <b>Keywords:</b> Adolescent, hygiene, genital hygiene, behavior, nursing

EXPLORING THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL DYNAMICS: EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF ASSERTIVENESS TECHNIQUE ON LOW ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study explored the psycho-social dynamics by examining the effect of assertiveness technique on low academic self-concept among secondary school students in the Onitsha education zone. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study design was quasi-experimental, non-randomised pre-test and post-test, control group research. The population of the study was composed of 988 senior secondary school students in the Onitsha education zone, and a sample of 70 students was selected through purposive sampling. The data was collected using the Academic Self-Concept Survey (ASS) questionnaire, and the internal consistency reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.84. The questionnaires were administered through direct delivery. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions, and the null hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA). The instrument norm of 72.50 was used to make decisions when answering the research questions. The findings of the study showed that assertiveness training was effective in improving the low academic self-concepts of secondary school students. Furthermore, it was revealed that the assertiveness training technique was more effective in improving the academic self-concepts of female secondary school students. Based on the findings and implications of the study, it was suggested that counsellors and therapists should use modelling and assertiveness training techniques in counselling sessions to enhance the academic self-concepts of secondary school students. KEYWORDS: Psycho-social dynamics, assertiveness, technique, academic self-concept

PERSEPSI PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH PEREMPUAN DI JOHOR BAHRU DALAM PEKERJAAN 3D

3D work is a term synonymous with dirty, dangerous, and difficult jobs such as those in the fields of manufacturing, construction, agriculture, mining, and so on. A few people are less interested in entering this field because of the high risk and danger to the workers, in addition to the fact that the wages are not commensurate with the work conditions. To meet the needs of this study, three questions are used: the level of knowledge, the level of existing skills, and the level of awareness of female students related to this 3D job. This study is quantitative in nature, using a questionnaire as a research instrument and distributing it to a total of 175 respondents for fourth and fifth-grade students as a sample. This study was conducted to examine the perception of female secondary school students in Johor Bahru of 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) jobs. The results of the knowledge level of female students in 3D jobs and the level of existing skills of female students in 3D jobs show a medium mean value. While the level of awareness of female students in 3D jobs shows a high mean value.

Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Improving Psychological Distress and Motivational Beliefs in Students with a Parental Death Experience: A Quasi-experimental Study

Background: The loss of a parent significantly affects the academic performance, social interactions, and overall well-being of students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing psychological distress and improving motivational beliefs among students who have experienced the loss of a parent. Methods: This quasi-experimental study adopted a pretest-posttest follow-up design and included two experimental groups and one control group. The research focused on female secondary school students in Ahvaz, Iran, who were grieving the death of a parent. Sixty participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (n = 20 each). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 23. Results: The findings indicated that both positive psychology training and ACT significantly impacted the participants' psychological distress and motivational beliefs. There were significant differences between the effects of positive psychology training and ACT, with positive psychology training showing a more substantial influence on reducing psychological distress and enhancing motivational beliefs than ACT. Conclusions: This study concludes that both positive psychology training and ACT are effective in boosting motivational beliefs and mitigating psychological distress among students grieving the loss of a parent.

Sexual Victimization among female Secondary School Students in South-South Zone of Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to examine sexual victimization among female secondary school students in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. To achieve this aim, four (4) research questions and four (4) null hypotheses were formulated and tested. A survey research design was adopted for the study, and data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire that contained 33 items. A total of three thousand, two hundred and eighty (3280) secondary school students responded to the instrument. The data gathered were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation to answer research questions, and an independent t-test and an ANOVA were used to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings from this study, among others, revealed that female secondary school students in the study area are sexually victimized. This sexual victimization of these secondary school students has affected them psychologically, socially, and physically in terms of their academic pursuits and how they relate to others in the school environment and society at large. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the federal and state governments pass a law that could bring to book all the perpetrators of sexual victimization, and the victims of sexual victimization should be able to report anyone who has attempted to victimize them.
 
 Received: 10 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 6 March 2024

Effects of planned education on genital hygiene behavior of adolescent females in a secondary school: A quasi-experimental study in northern Cyprus.

This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to determine the effect of planned education on the genital hygiene behaviors of secondary school female students in northern Cypurs. The research was conducted with 290 adolescents. Data were collected by using a personal information form and the Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale (GHBS). The paired sample t-test was used to analyze the data. It was determined that only 55.2 % of the adolescents received genital hygiene training, 11.7% had a genital infection and 48.6% used cosmetic products for the genital area. After education, there was a statistically significant increase in the GHBS scores and its dimensions, indicating the effectiveness and necessity of genital hygiene education. Genital hygiene education had a positive effect on the knowledge and practices of adolescent females. Therefore, planned education on genital hygiene, in which nurses play an important role, can be conducted regularly educations and home visits.

Student Perspectives on Internal and External Factors Influencing Vulnerability to Risk-Taking Behaviour among Girls in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kiambaa, Kiambu County, Kenya

The study investigated internal and external determinants of vulnerability to risk-taking behavior (RTB) among female students in public day secondary schools (PDSS) in Kiambaa, Kiambu County, Kenya. This was due to the high levels of RTB among secondary school girls that had been reported. The study integrated two theories, problem behaviour theory and empowerment theory. It employed a descriptive survey methodology. Using proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedures 96 girls participated in the study. A pilot study involving 10 students from Kiambu Sub-County was conducted to assess content and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.7) ensured internal consistency and reliability of variables. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, analysed using SPSS version 24 for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data, and presented via tables and figures. The findings revealed various RTB among girls, including unprotected sex, prostitution, drug use, abortion, theft, and fighting. RTB determinants encompassed factors like parental divorce, absenteeism, peer pressure, financial hardship, and lack of role models, excessive idle time, societal influences, and declining values. In conclusion, this study highlights the existence of RTB among girls in PDSS and underscores the complexity of factors influencing these behaviours. To effectively address RTB, a comprehensive approach that considers both internal and external factors is essential.

Students’ psychological variables connection with secondary school students’ academic performance in mathematics

PurposeThe study’s objective was to ascertain the connection between secondary school students' test anxiety, academic self-concept, motivation and academic performance in mathematics. The difference between the academic performances of male and female secondary school students who exhibit high and low test anxiety, academic self-concept and motivation levels in mathematics.Design/methodology/approachFour hypotheses and four research questions were adopted. The design is a correlation. 42,299 mathematics students in senior school year two (SS2) made up the research population. A sample of 1,650 students was selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The main instruments used were the Mathematics Test Anxiety Questionnaire (MTAQ), Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire (ASQ) and Academic Motivation Questionnaire (AMQ) and students’ math scores. These instruments were validated by three experts and the reliability coefficients of 0.69, 0.68 and 0.68 were obtained for MTAQ, ASQ and AMQ, respectively, using Cronbach alpha. Pearson product moment correlation was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe study’s results showed a correlation between secondary school students' academic performance in mathematics and test anxiety, academic self-concept and motivation. There was a significant difference between secondary school male and female students' test anxiety; there was a significant difference between secondary school male and female students' self-concept and academic performance in mathematics, and there was a significant difference between secondary school male and female students' motivation and academic performance in mathematics.Originality/valueThe major contribution of this study is to investigate the connection between test anxiety, academic self-concept motivation and students’ mathematics performance. There is a difference between psychological variables, gender and mathematics performance.

Assessment of Psycho-Social Factors Affecting the Promotion of Girl-Child Education in Katsina State, Nigeria

A Girl child is a prudent seed that breeds the generational continuity of man’s existence. Education is a life changing destiny that if equal opportunity is given towards the training of a girl child itcould lead to sanity, equal growth and contributions in Nigerian society. The study investigated theassessment of psycho-social factors affecting the promotion of a girl-child education in Katsina State,Nigeria. The researchers adopted descriptive survey research design for the study. The target populationwas made up of senior secondary school female students’ in Katsina State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling techniques were utilized for the study. Thus, a total of nine hundred (900) senior secondary school female students participated in the study. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire which consists of two (2) sections. Section A consists of personal information of the respondents and Section B contains ‘Psycho-social Factors Affecting Girl-child Education Questionnaire (PSFAGCEQ). Two research questions were asked and three hypotheses were tested in the study. Frequency, percentage, standard deviation, mean and rank-order were used to answer research questions while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the formulated hypotheses. Results show that all the twenty-one (21) psycho-social factors assessed such as poverty, mental ability, lack of finance, religious belief, cultural practice, parental level of education, early marriage, sexual violence among others affect the promotion of girl-child education Katsina State, Nigeria. Also, security issues, personal sanitation and hygiene, gender balance among teachers, lack of finance and poverty ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th among the psycho- social factors affecting the promotion of girl-child education Katsina State. In addition, the results reveals that there is significant difference in the psycho-social factors affecting the promotion of girl-child education across the three zones (F (2, 897) =59.578; P < 0.05); age groups (F(2, 897) =11.682; P < 0.05) and class levels (F(2, 897) =19.374; P < 0.05) in Katsina State, Nigeria. The following recommendations were made based on the results of this study girl-child should be given free education in order to increase enrolment of female students in schools and government at all levels, parents and other stakeholders in education should join hand together for the promotion of girl-child education in Katsina state and Northern Nigeria in general.

Effect of Parents’ Socio-Economic Background on Secondary School Students Career Choice in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Careers are the reality of life that needs to be considered important in today’s modern societies. Choosing a career is a complex decision-making process that coincides with so many environmental, cultural, social and economic variables, which creates psycho-social stress for students especially those in secondary school. The study adopted a mixed-method approach. A sample of 250 senior secondary two (SS2) students was purposively drawn from 130 senior secondary schools in Kebbi State. A standardised Family Influence Scale (FIS) was adopted for this study. The scale was modified to have two sub scales: parents’ occupation and family income. The face and content validity of FIS was carried out using experts in the field of guidance and counselling from Adamu Augie College of Education, Argungu. FIS was further subjected to pilot testing, and a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained using the Cronbach Alpha formula. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The outcome of this study revealed the grand mean scores of 2.8 and 2.7 which are greater than the decision mean score of 2.5 to imply that parents’ occupational backgrounds and income levels from secondary school students’ career choice significantly. Equally, significant differences were found (t= .19, df= 248, p-value =0.03) regarding the influence of parents’ gender on the career choices of male and female students in secondary schools in Kebbi State. Considering the influence of parents on the career choice of their children, it was recommended that parents should seek the help of professional career counsellors to guide their children in making intelligent career decisions.

Distribution of ABO, RhD Blood Group among Secondary School Students at Bishops Girls Secondary School Rushere Kiruhura Southwestern Uganda

ABO and Rhesus blood group antigens are inherited genetic markers in human blood. Haemoglobin is an efficient transporter of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs for exhalation. The study was to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups among secondary school female students. The blood samples of 107 secondary school students at Bishops girls’ Secondary School Rushere kiruhura Southwestern Uganda between July to August, 2023 were collected and their haemoglobin genotypes were determined using HemoTypeSC™ rapid test kit and ABO and Rhesus blood groups were determined by a standard tube method. Results. The frequencies of ABO blood groups among the study population were 20 (18.5%), 24 (22.5%), 06 (5.4%) and 57 (53.6%) for blood group A, B, AB, and O respectively. Also, the distribution of Rhesus (D) positive and Rhesus (D) negative were reported as 98 (91.6%) and 9 (8.4%) each. There was no association between ABO, Rhesus (D) and Hb genotypes observed. Data revealed that Rhesus (D) positive students were statistically higher in number compared to the Rhesus (D) negative students (p=0.000). The sequence of ABO distribution among the rural population in southwestern Uganda is; O > A > B > AB. The frequency of Rhesus (D) negative is very low among secondary school students at Bishops’ Girls Secondary School Rushere Kiruhura Southwestern Uganda Keywords: blood groups, ABO blood group, Rh group, Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn

The effectiveness instructional games based on social constructivism approach in interaction with learning styles on improvement emational outcomes and the amount of learning in the mathematic lesson of girl students

Background and Aim: Student-centered learning is a major driver behind educational policy and practice in the modern era, and with the move toward adopting learner-centered learning in the classroom, especially in mathematics learning, understanding where such games are offered and the potential They have not yet been discovered, it is vital. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of educational games based on social constructivism in interaction with learning styles on improving the emotional efficiency and learning rate of secondary school girl students in mathematics. Research method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test with a control group and a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population was all secondary school female students studying in public schools in Hamadan city in 1402-1401. In the first stage, using a simple random sampling method, a school was selected from the 1st district of Hamedan city and 100 people who met the conditions to enter the research were selected, and then by a simple random method, they were divided into 2 experimental groups (25 people in the deep learning group and 25 people in the deep learning group). surface learning) and 2 control groups (25 deep learning group and 25 surface learning group) were replaced. The groups of the first experiment underwent 6 90-minute sessions of educational games based on the social constructivism approach; But the control groups did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list. Biggs et al.'s (2001) two-factor learning process questionnaire, McCutch and Sikel's (2003) school attitude questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire on the learning rate of mathematics lessons were used to collect information. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was carried out through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive and inferential sections (mixed variance analysis and Benferroni's post hoc test). Risult: The results showed that educational games based on the social constructivism approach in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on emotional efficiency and the amount of mathematical learning compared to the control groups (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that educational games based on the social constructivism approach in the group of students with a deep learning style had more effectiveness than students with a superficial learning style on emotional efficiency and the amount of mathematical learning (P<0.05). ). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that educational games based on the social constructivism approach can be used as a suitable educational method to improve the emotional efficiency and learning rate, especially in secondary school students with Deep learning style should be used in secondary schools.

Emotional Intelligence and its Relationship to Life Satisfaction among Secondary School Female Students in Hail region

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين الذكاء الوجداني والرضا عن الحياة لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (145) طالبة، تم اختيارهن بطريقة العينة العشوائية الطبقية. وتمثلت أدوات الدراسة في: مقياس الذكاء الوجداني إعداد الخولي (2002)، ومقياس الرضا عن الحياة ترجمة وتقنين الدوسري (2022). وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الذكاء الوجداني والرضا عن الحياة لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية في مدينة حائل. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة تمت صياغة مجموعة من التوصيات كان أهمها: تفعيل دور الإرشاد الطلابي لتنمية الرضا عن الحياة لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية، وضرورة إعداد برامج إرشادية ووقائية لاكتشاف المشكلات النفسية والسلوكية مبكراً لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية ومعالجتها، وتشجيع الطلاب والطالبات على المشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المختلفة، مما ينعكس بشكل إيجابي على تقييمهم للجوانب المختلفة لحياتهم وزيادة رضاهم عنها.

Public and Private Schooling and Religious Socialization in Secondary School Students

Religion is the main component of the Pakistani Education system. It is important to understand the role of schooling in religious socialization of the students. The study aimed to compare the role of public and private schooling in religious socialization of secondary school students. Quantitative research design was followed to achieve the objectives. Researchers developed a 36 items questionnaire to collect data from secondary school students enrolled in public and private secondary schools. The questionnaire consisted of 6 factors including curriculum, teacher, co-curricular activities, school management, class fellows and parents-teacher interaction. The share of the participants was equal for male, female and rural, urban students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that public and private secondary schools played an important role in promoting religious socialization among students. However, there was a significant difference in the perceptions of male and female secondary school students about their religious socialization at schools.

Effect of Adolescents and Sexual Reproductive Health Policy on Girl Child Retention in Public Secondary Schools in Butula Sub-County, Kenya

The challenge of girls' retention in educational institutions has been identified as a significant obstacle. The inability to maintain the enrollment of female students in secondary schools can be regarded as a squandering of valuable human capital and financial investments made in their primary education, as well as a loss of time invested in their initial enrollment. These young females have the potential to develop into a demographic of women lacking in literacy skills, resulting in diminished economic, social, and political contributions. Among the critical contemporary social issues affecting many countries is teenage pregnancies. The matter of ASRH is a global issue affecting both developed and underdeveloped countries. The problem has drawn attention of governments from both developed and underdeveloped nations. Researchers have also given it consideration and studied it to some extent in their efforts to solve the recurring puzzle of solving the sex related matters that affect adolescents. This research was guided by a general objective, the effect of adolescents and sexual reproductive health policy on girl child retention in public secondary schools in Butula sub-county, Kenya. The study also adopted specific objective as; i)To assess the effect of educational opportunities on girl child retention in public secondary schools in Butula Sub-county Kenya.The study was guided by Human Capital theory of adolescence. Research adopted the descriptive survey design. The study also targeted a sample size of 488 respondents, out of the targeted population of 1335 respondents. The criteria for selecting sample size using convenient and purposive sampling techniques was fixed upon Mugenda and Mugenda (2004) formula. Also, the data from both primary and secondary sources was utilized in the study. The instruments for gathering the data comprised questionnaires, interviews, and records from the schools. Before utilizing the instruments in this research, they were tested using test-retest methods to ascertain validity and reliability. To establish links between variables, the study used correlational analysis. Precisely, a SPSS version 25 was used when seeking to establish any link between the Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Policy and girl child retention in public secondary schools Butula Sub-County, Busia County. There is an expectation that this study increased towards knowledge or understanding of the effect of teenage pregnancy on class attendance in public secondary schools in Butula Sub-county. Due to the sensitivity of the research all information that was obtained it was regarded as confidential and the participants including the schools kept it anonymous. Also, no one was coerced to become part of the sample space, but consent was the criteria upon selection of respondents in the study. Therefore, this study involved the highest level of confidentiality, acknowledgment and consent when dealing with respondents and sources of data. The finding of the study was that ASRH services were significant to girl retention in schools. Moreover, it was found that information on ASRH on girls’ retention was from media and school. This study recommends that school administrators assume the role of fostering a collaborative relationship between schools and the community. This partnership would facilitate the identification of opportunities for teachers, parents, and community members to collaborate in order to enhance the educational outcomes of students.

Machiavellianism in Relation to Achievement Motivation among Secondary School Students

The study examined machiavellianism in relation to achievement motivation among secondary school students. The 294 students were selected on the basis of convenient and volunteer sampling from 05 selected schools of Punjab. Two-way Analysis of variance was used to study main and interaction effect. The interaction effect of achievement motivation with Gender on machiavellianism and its dimensions viz. immorality, manipulation, distrust, desire for wealth and power among secondary school students. The results revealed that significant gender difference were found in machiavellianism, and its dimensions i.e. manipulation and distrust; but no significant gender difference were found in dimensions of machiavellianism i.e. immorality and desire for wealth and power. The mean score of female secondary school students are higher than mean score of male secondary school students. Also, the significant interaction effect of achievement motivation with gender was found only in manipulation dimension of machiavellianism, but no significant interaction effect of achievement motivation with gender was found in machiavellianism and its dimensions viz. immorality, distrust, desire for wealth and power among secondary school students. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that the teachers of the school should inculcate the moral qualities such as honesty, truthfulness and compassion among the secondary students. The secondary school teacher should not use harsh criticism for any misconduct (cheating, tell lie, manipulation) of secondary school students and help them to realize their mistake and take promise not to repeat it in near future. There is need to replace the machiavellian attitude with emotional stability so teachers should treat students with love and care so as to strengthen emotional stability in students. The secondary school teachers must focus on importance of hard work, self-learning and life-long learning as compared to believing in luck/fate only.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AGGRESSION AMONG MALE AND FEMALE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main aim of this study was to examine the aggression among senior secondary school students in relation to different dimensions of aggression. For this, 100 male and 100 female senior secondary school students from different Govt. schools of Sonipat Distt. Of Haryana were included in the present study. Selected students were tested with Arnold H.Buss and Mark Perry scale (1999) on aggression. Obtained data were analysed by applying descriptive statistics (Mean, S.D.) and t-ratio. Result revealed that females are high on Physical aggression but males students are higher on Verbal aggression. Similarly, female students are having more anger than males but male students having more hostility than female students. The present findings have important implication for teachers to understand the behavior of students. KEYWORD: Aggression, Secondary School Student.