Female Rattus Norvegicus Research Articles

Decreased Insulin and Interleukin-6 Levels in Rattus Norvegicus Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Insulin Resistance Treated with a High Protein Diet

Hypercaloric in women of childbearing age is one of the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance. Increased inflammation (tumor factor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) is the impact of endocrine and metabolic disorders involved due to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to evaluate whether a high-protein diet can reduce insulin and interleukin-6 levels, which are key indicators of polycystic ovary syndrome, and whether these changes can help in the treatment of the syndrome. This study used a prepost test only control design, true experimental, with a total sample of 6 female Rattus norvegicus rats aged 2–3 years (150–200 g). It consists of 4 groups, namely the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K+), the treatment group (P), and the group without treatment (P-). The study examined the rat blood serum ELISA measurement of insulin and IL-6 levels. Anova test results of IL-6 levels (p = 0.002). Post-hoc test results of group K- and group P (p = 0.002), group K + and group P (p = 0.037), group K- and group K + (p = 0.437). The Anova test results of insulin levels between groups found a significant difference (p = 0.001). Post-hoc test of insulin levels of group K- and group P (p = 0.002), group K- and group K+ (p = 0.000), and group K+ with group P (p = 0.356). In group K and group P, the results of the ANOVA and post hoc tests on IL-6 levels and insulin levels with the provision of a high-protein diet show significant differences. This study suggests that a high-protein diet may be an effective therapeutic alternative in reducing the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in controlling high insulin and interleukin-6 levels.

The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones on rat parotid gland histology - an experimental study.

The advancement of telecommunication technology and devices promptly transformed mobile phones into indispensable objects in our day-to-day lives, but their biological effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential histopathological changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the parotid gland and the nearby tissues. Thirty female Rattus Norvegicus rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (exposed for 30 days), group 2 (exposed for 60 days), and control group (non-exposed). Each subject was exposed to mobile phone radiation in the form of a phone call for two hours every day for their subsequent exposure time. The exposure was always directed towards the same side of the face throughout the whole exposure period. At the end of the exposure period, a comprehensive examination was conducted, including inspection of the orofacial structures, tissue sections of the parotid glands, overlying skin, oral mucosa, and cervical lymph nodes, as well as obtaining smears from the oral cavity. To highlight the presence of micronuclei within the exfoliated squamous cells of the oral epithelium, Feulgen stain was performed. The results showed a significant activation of the fibroblasts in the parotid gland septa, in both exposed experimental groups, compared to the control group. We also detected significant cervical lymph node reactive changes, hyperkeratosis of the oral epithelium, and activated fibroblasts in the dermis and oral mucosa lamina propria in both experimental groups. Dermal fibrosis and lamina propria fibrosis were significantly increased in the second experimental group, compared to the control group. Moreover, vascular congestion in the parotid gland, dermal, and lamina propria fibrosis were significantly increased in the second study group compared to the first one. These findings suggest that exposure to mobile phone radiation may lead to pathological changes in the parotid gland and nearby tissues of experimental rats.

Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training

Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood1–3. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium4 profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome and immunome in whole blood, plasma and 18 solid tissues in male and female Rattus norvegicus over eight weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9,466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms and 4 training time points. Thousands of shared and tissue-specific molecular alterations were identified, with sex differences found in multiple tissues. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses revealed expansive biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training, including widespread regulation of immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways. Many changes were relevant to human health, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analyses presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for understanding and exploring the multi-tissue molecular effects of endurance training and are provided in a public repository (https://motrpac-data.org/).

Acute toxicity study, haematological, biochemical and histopathological effects of Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Allium porrum and Cucurbita maxima in Rattus norvegicus

Abstract Objectives The use of vegetables in Nigeria as nutraceutical cannot be over emphasized. However many vegetables are associated with toxicity effects at both low and high doses. Methods Hence the study was aimed at investigating acute toxicity, haematological, biochemical and histopathological effects of Allium porrum (leek), Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) and Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) in female Rattus norvegicus. The lethal dose50 (LD50) of the three plants were determined. Key findings The LD50 of aqueous extract of cabbage, leek and pumpkin was 6585 mg/kg body weight. Cabbage caused a decrease in packed cell volume, erythrocytes counts, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes counts, increased basophils and eosinophils counts at dose levels of 5.79 mg/kg and 57.93 mg/kg body weight. At dose levels of 5.79–579.3 mg/kg body weight, the extract caused hypoalbuminaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, increased levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase. Cabbage also caused necrosis of hepatocytes, glomerular and tubular necrosis, cylinduria and perivascular cuffing in the brain. At dose level of 5.79 mg/kg and above, cabbage may cause abortion during an early stage of pregnancy due to possible loss of endometrial gland. The combined extract of pumpkin and leek caused haematopoiesis, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, hypoglycaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, elevation of ALT levels, necrosis of hepatocytes and brain tissues, kidney damage and suppression of the development of ovarian follicle. Conclusions Brassica oleracea var. capitata may cause anaemia, immunosuppression, hypoglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, abortion, liver and kidney damage. The combined extract of leek and pumpkin may cause haematopoeisis, immunostimulation, hypoglycaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, brain problem and infertility.

Effect of arsenic exposure on MDA, SOD, H2O2 and TNF-α levels of uterus homogenate of female Sparague-Dawleys rats

Background and Aim: Arsenic exposure to the body through the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes have a detrimental impact on health, including women’s reproductive health. However, the effect of arsenic exposure through the vulva of women is unclear. The present study therefore examined the effects of long-term arsenic exposure of vulva on uterus inflammation mediated by oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanism. Materials and Methods: Female Rattus norvegicus L was used as the animal model and the arsenic were exposed through vulvar immersion. The arsenic solution was made into four concentrations while the duration of exposure was made in four-time combinations. Uterus inflammation was assessed through histopathological observation of uterus tissue through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Oxidative stress was assessed using malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); while inflammatory profile was assessed by measuring using tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Results: Our data suggested that inflammation could occur at the permissible quality standard concentrations when arsenic was exposed for more than two weeks. At higher concentrations and a longer exposure time, arsenic exposure could lead to chronic inflammation. Arsenic exposure was able to increase the levels of MDA and H2O2 and reduced the SOD suggesting stress oxidative of the organ. Arsenic also could increase the level of TNFα at any concentration after 6 and 8 weeks of exposure suggesting the inflammation process in the uterus. Conclusion: Continuous exposure of vulva with arsenic could induce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation of the uterus. Further study to investigate this finding in human is critical as basic to propose health campaign program to the community in the high arsenic regions.

Effect of Music Exposure on Sexual Behavior of Female Rats

Background: The human limbic system is excited by music. The nervous system sends music signals converted into neural information by inner hair cells to the primary auditory area and limbic system. This activates genes that play a role in social and cognitive function. This study aims to prove the effect of music on physiological sexual behavior. Methods: The study was conducted on adult female Rattus norvegicus rats aged 2-3 months with a body weight of about 200 grams. The rats were exposed to the sound of music which divided into soft (Javanese), medium (Balinese gamelan), and loud (Dangdut tekno) music categories. The duration of exposure for each type of music is two hours in a row for seven days. During music exposure, rats' behavior in cages was recorded using CCTV. The test carried out is a normality test using the T-test (student's t-test). Results: A comparison test between treatment groups showed that all groups did not show differences in general behavior. For sexual behavior, the normality test showed that the Balinese group was the only abnormal group. The Piano group's sexual behavior was statistically the same as the control group. Conclusion: Exposure to Balinese gamelan showed an increase in sexual activity in female rats. Balinese gamelan music shows a relationship between music and limbic system activity, which is indicated by increased activity in the estrous phase. Keywords: emotion, limbic system, music, sexual activity

The use of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide to create diminish ovarian reserve model on rats

Background: Infertility remains a significant issue in the world of health. Now Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is widely used to help couples with infertility. In ART diminish ovarian reserve patients have a very low success rate of pregnancy. To help patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR), research is conducted using an animal model. vinylcychlohexene diepoxide (VCD) has ovotoxic effects. This study looked at the use of VCD in inducing targeted DOR conditions in animals (rats), create a model that could be used for future animal studies in infertility. Methods: Adult female Rattus norvegicus were used in this study. All were given VCD injections at 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 15 days. An examination of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels will be carried out on days 0,3,5,7, and 15. To mimic IVF process, all rats got an injection of 10 IU of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and 10 IU human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) to confirm DOR. Ovarectomy was performed, dominant follicles were taken, denudation was carried out, and the oocytes were cultured for 12 hours. Then, oocytes were assessed through a microscope. Results: Starting from day 5 post VCD induction, there was a significant increase in the FSH level in the group of rats that were induced with the administered VCD dose compared to the control group that experienced normal FSH fluctuations. The FSH concentration reached >50%. It was found that the number of degenerated oocytes had an average of 1.11. Oocytes that were in Germinal-Vesicle (GV) stage had an average of 1.89, while in the Metaphase I (M1) stage the average is 2.882. Lastly, the number of oocytes in the Metaphase (MII) stage which is fully matured had an average of 1.117. Conclusions: VCD can become an important tool for future studies that needs an animal model with DOR.

Effect of Papaya Leaf Extract Gel (Carica papaya) on Incision Wound Healing in Rattus norvegicus

Carica papaya is one kind of herbal plant that can help the wound healing process. Scientifically, the leaves of papaya are proven to have anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and saponin compounds in papaya leaves have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to accelerate the re-epithelization and cell migration needed for wound healing. This research aims to determine the effect of papaya leaf extract gel (Carica papaya) on the healing of incision wounds in Rattus norvegicus based on changes in wound morphology (signs of redness, edema, pus, granulation, moisture, and wound length). This research used female Rattus norvegicus aged 12-16 weeks weighing 180-200 grams, divided into five groups (NaCl 0,9%, povidone-iodine, papaya leaf extract gel with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%). Incision wounds on the back of the rat with a length of 2 cm and depth of 1 cm. The normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the homogeneity test used the Levene test. The research data were not normally distributed nor homogeneous, so they were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the extract of papaya leaves with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% had significant differences in positive and negative control groups in the wound healing process with the differences in redness (p=0.038), granulation tissue (p=0.039), moistures (0,48), and wound length (p=0,049). It can be concluded that papaya leaf extract gel (Carica papaya) is effective in accelerating the healing process of incision wounds in Rattus norwegicus at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, so for further research, it is hoped that a histopathological examination can be carried out so that changes that occur in collagen, neutrophile cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes are seen.

Demyelination Lesions Do Not Correlate with Clinical Manifestations by Bordetella pertussis Toxin Concentrations.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized as an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Given the need for improvements in MS treatment, many studies are mainly conducted through preclinical models such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study analyzes the relationships between histopathological and clinical score findings at EAE. Twenty-three female Rattus norvegicus Lewis rats from 6 to 8 weeks were induced to EAE. Nineteen rats underwent EAE induction distributed in six groups to establish the evolution of clinical signs, and four animals were in the control group. Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX) doses were 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 ng. The clinical scores of the animals were analyzed daily, from seven to 24 days after induction. The brains and spinal cords were collected for histopathological analyses. The results demonstrated that the dose of 250 ng of PTX induced a higher clinical score and reduction in weight. All induced groups demonstrated leukocyte infiltration, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and demyelinated plaques in the brains in histopathology. It was concluded that the dose of 250 ng and 350 ng of PTX were the best choices to trigger the brain and spinal cord demyelination lesions and did not correlate with clinical scores.

Divergent neural and endocrine responses in wild-caught and laboratory-bred Rattus norvegicus

Although rodents have represented the most intensely studied animals in neurobiological investigations for more than a century, few studies have systematically compared neural and endocrine differences between wild rodents in their natural habitats and laboratory strains raised in traditional laboratory environments. In the current study, male and female Rattus norvegicus rats were trapped in an urban setting and compared to weight-and sex-matched conspecifics living in standard laboratory housing conditions. Brains were extracted for neural assessments and fecal boli were collected for endocrine [corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] assays. Additionally, given their role in immune and stress functions, spleen and adrenal weights were recorded. A separate set of wild rats was trapped at a dairy farm and held in captivity for one month prior to assessments; in these animals, brains were processed but no hormone data were available. The results indicated that wild-trapped rats exhibited 31% heavier brains, including higher densities of cerebellar neurons and glial cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The wild rats also had approximately 300% greater spleen and adrenal weights, and more than a six-fold increase in corticosterone levels than observed in laboratory rats. Further research on neurobiological variables in wild vs. lab animals will inform the extensive neurobiological knowledge base derived from laboratory investigations using selectively bred rodents in laboratory environments, knowledge that will enhance the translational value of preclinical laboratory rodent studies.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Extract Reduce Malondialdehyde Levels and Prevent Aortic Endothelial Cell Decline in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, but its levels decrease in postmenopausal women who can trigger oxidative stress. One of the most damaging effects of ROS is lipid peroxidation, and the end product is Malondialdehyde (MDA). Similarly, aging endothelium has increased oxidative stress and endothelial cell sensitivity to apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of cowpea extract on serum MDA levels, aortic endothelial cell counts, and brain MDA levels in the ovariectomy model. Cowpea extract can be used as an alternative to prevent and overcome the effects that occur during menopause, such as cardiovascular problems, decreased bone mineral density, and dementia. The study used 15-month-old female Rattus norvegicus, divided into six groups (OVX, SHAM, OVX+estradiol, OVX+Vu 1.25; 2.5; and 5 mg/kg BW/day). Serum and brain MDA levels were examined by ELISA method, while the number of aortic endothelial cells were examined on histopathological preparations with Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining. The mean value of serum and brain MDA levels decreased with an increase in the dose given (p-value 0.016). The mean value of aortic endothelial cells between the dose groups did not significantly differ. However, the mean value showed an increasing trend as the dose of cowpea extract was given. The results of this study indicate that the extract of cowpea has the potential as an antioxidant to reduce serum and brain MDA levels, prevent a decrease in the number of aortic endothelial cells. As prevention, cowpea extract can be used as an antioxidant and consumed since premenopause to minimize problems that occur during postmenopause.

The Effect of Adiponectin Recombinant in Rattus Norvegicus with Polycystic Ovarium Syndrome Model on Anti-Müellerian Hormone Expression

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an important disease that causes various healthproblems in women. Ovulation - infertility disorders are found in 60-85% woman with PCOS. Anti-Muellerian Hormone (AMH), a protein from Transforming Growth-b Family, often increased in patientwith PCOS and associated with severity and poor prognosis for assisted reproductive outcome. Dietaryand lifestyle changes are the first-line therapies but consistent application of this method is difficult toattain for people with PCOS. Adiponectin, a product by adipose cells have a significant reduction inobese and women with PCOS. The purpose of this study was to see the differences in AMH expressionbetween mice with polycystic ovary model treated with adiponectin recombinant and mice withpolycystic ovary model treated with placebo and control.Method: This research is an experimental study with a Post Test Only Control Group design. Thesample of this study was 3 months female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain weighing 110-120 g. Thesample size was 36, which were divided into three groups, K0 (control group of mice with polycysticovary model), K1 (group of mice with polycystic ovary model that received placebo injection), and K2(group of mice with polycystic ovary model that received 5 μg/ml injection of recombinant adiponectin).Polycystic ovary model made by injecting 10 mg/Kg body weight testosterone propionate for 14 days.The injection is carried out at the proestrous stage. The three groups of mice in a period of 3 weeks aftertreatment, were surgically removed according to the sampling procedure, then the ovaries were given acode and immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the AMH expression in the ovaries. Thedata were collected, then statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software.

Benefits of Nigella sativa Extract Protecting Ovary Due to Cisplatin Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CIS) is an important chemotherapy agent which is widely used for the treatment of many types of solid tumors, which can cause decreased ovarian function. Nigella sativa has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity that might protect the ovaries from damage due to CIS. AIM: This study aims to understand the benefits of N. sativa protecting the ovaries due to CIS chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-two female Rattus norvegicus aged 8 weeks weighing 160–200 g were divided into four groups: Negative control, Positive control, Treatment-1 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 500 mg/KgBW/day), and Treatment-2 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 1000 mg/kgBW/day) for 2 weeks. On the 14th day the rats were sacrificed, blood was drawn from the heart, followed by taking ovaries. RESULTS: There was lower mortality and morbidity in CIS + NS 1000 and CIS + NS 500 mg group (p = 0.01 and 0.001). The mean estradiol levels, follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and anti-mullerian hormone levels were not statistically significant among the four groups. The highest number of primary, secondary, tertiary follicles are seen at the CIS + NS 500 mg and CIS + NS 1000 mg groups (p = 0.05). The lowest number of atretic follicles is seen at the CIS + NS 1000 mg group, and the highest number of atretic follicles was in CIS only. CONCLUSION: There is a trend that N. sativa is beneficial in protecting the ovaries from damage caused by CIS.

Effect of Ifosfamide on corneal genetic material and the role of lecithin and quercetin

The present study aimed to investigate the possible roles of lecithin and quercetin either singly or combined against Ifosfamide-induced DNA damage in corneas. Healthy female Rattus norvegicus rats weighing 180 ±10 gwere divided into seven groups eachcomprised of ten rats. Group I served as control and intraperitoneally injected with 0.25 mlof physiological saline (0.9% NaCl)for 5 days. Groups II and III wereorally administered lecithin at a dose of100 mg/kg body weight or quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kgbody weight suspended indistilled water, respectively for six days; whereasgroup IV was used as positive control and intraperitoneally injected with Ifosfamide at a dose of 80mg/kg body weight for five days.Groups V and VI were injected with either quercetin orlecithin along with Ifosfamide by the same treatmentregimens, respectively. Group VII received a combination of both protective agents alongwith Ifosfamide and treated similarly. Corneas from all groups were used for comet assay. Results: The lecithin and quercetin treated groups were characterized by normal comet parameters compared to control. After Ifosfamide injection, all comet parameters were significantly increased (p˂0.05). No changes in comet parameters were observed for lecithin-Ifosfamide treated group as well as for quercetin-Ifosfamide one. Co-administration of lecithin and quercetin indicate significant increase (p˂0.05) in all comet parameters (group VII). All together led to conclude that Ifosfamide causes DNA damage of rat cornea due to its oxidative stress and, co-administration of lecithin and quercetin was contradicting each other while using these antioxidants separately has beneficial effects on corneal genetic material.

The effect of Rhodamine B on the cerebellum and brainstem tissue of Rattus norvegicus.

Background: Rhodamine B is a component of xenobiotic substance metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the body to produce free radicals, which affects the activity of Superoxidase Dismutase (SOD), thereby, leading to oxidative stress, injury, increase in cell apoptosis and brainstem. This study aims to determine the effect of Rhodamine B on BAX and BCL-2 in the cerebellum and brainstem tissue of Rattus norvegicus.Design and Methods: The True Experimental Design was used to carry out a post-test examination on the control group of twenty-eight Wistar female Rattus norvegicus mice between the ages of 10-12 weeks. Then, samples were categorized into 4 groups in body weight doses of 4.5 mg/200g, 9 mg/200g, and 18 mg/200g. They were administrated with Rhodamine B personde for 36 days.Results: The results showed that Rhodamine B had a direct and indirect effect on BAX and BCL-2 expressions, respectively, in the cerebellum tissue and wistar strain of Rattus norvegicus. In addition, the positive path coefficient of BAX expression has a positive effect on BCL-2. This means that an increase in BAX has a direct impact on decreasing BCL-2 expression in cerebellum tissue and brainstem of Rattus norvegicus wistar strain along with an increased dose of Rhodamine B.Conclusions: In conclusion, Rhodamine B tends to increase BAX expression which directly decreases BCL-2 in Cerebellum tissue and Brainstem in Rattus norvegicus along with increasing doses.Significance for public healthRhodamine B is a component of xenobiotic substance metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the body to produce free radicals, which affects the activity of Superoxidase Dismutase (SOD), thereby, leading to oxidative stress, injury, increase in cell apoptosis. Oxidative stress can cause damage and death of specialized cells in the cerebellum and brainstem tissue. This study investigates the effect of Rhodamine B on the expression of BAX and BCL-2 in the cerebellum and brainstem tissue of Rattus norvegicus.

Pengaruh Pemberian Hormon Medroxy Progesterone Acetat terhadap Ketebalan Endometrium Rattus Norvegicus Betina Strain Wistar

Based on the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) data in 2013, there were 8,500,247 couples of childbearing age who were new KB (family planning) participants with the total number using injection was 4,128,115 (48.56%). Research Objectives to find out The Effect of The Administration OF Medroxy Progesterone Acetate Hormone to Endometrial Thickness of The Female Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain. The design of this research is the post test only control group design by having white rats species Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain as the poplulation, the samples are taken randomly from all populations that met the following sample criteria: female rats, Aged 12-14 weeks, having body weight of 150 - 200 grams. Based on the calculation of the sample size, the sample size / number of animals r = 10 rats was obtained, with a total sample size for both groups of treatment and control were 20 female rats which included: group 1 amounted to 10 rats that were not given Medroxy Progesterone Acetat hormones as a control group where group 2 amounted to 10 rats which given Medroxy Progesterone Acetat as a treatment group. The results showed the average endometrial thickness in the (P1) Medroxy Progesterone Acetate Hormone group was 493.17 µm ± 114.96, this result was lower than the control group 1192.56 µm ± 428.94. From the ANOVA test table, the P value <0.05 means that there is a very significant difference in the average endometrial thickness between the control group and the treatment group. Based on the results of the Post Hoc Bonfferoni Test, it can be seen that the average endometrial thickness between Control and P1 showed a significant difference (P <0.05). The analysis of the result and discussion of the research can be concluded that: the Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone affects the endometrial thickness, and there is a difference in the histological picture of endometrial thickness due to the administration of the Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone and without the administration of to the administration of the Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone.

The Effect of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate Hormone Administration to Endometrial Thickness of the Female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain

Many alternative contraceptives can be used as needed. The most effective type of contraception is injection contraception because it is relatively safe, effective, simple and inexpensive. Contraceptive users must be selective in choosing contraception because there is no method of contraception that is safe and effective for all acceptors. The side effects of Medroxy Progesterone Acetat injection include bleeding disorders such as amenorrhoea, weight gain, high blood pressure, acne, spotting. Medroxy Progesterone Acetat is a progestin contraceptive regimen that is often used and works long-term. The mechanism of action of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate injection is to inhibit gonadotropin secretion so that it will prevent the maturation of primary follicles in the ovary and also prevent ovulation and cause endometrial depletion.The research design is the post test only control group design. The population in this research are the white rats species Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. The samples are taken randomly from all populations that met the following sample criteria: Female rats, Aged 12-14 weeks, having a body weight of 150 - 200 grams.The results showed that Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone affects the thickness of the endometrium, and there is a difference in the histological picture of endometrial thickness due to the administration of the Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone and without the administration of the Medroxy Progesterone Acetate hormone

Omega-3 fatty acids as feed supplement modulates blood formation and body weight in Rattus norvegicus model

BackgroundOmega-3 fatty acids’ inclusion as feed supplement in the diets of both human and animals has been found to play a significant role in body metabolism. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of graded doses of omega-3 fatty acids on haematology and body weight of adult male and female Rattus norvegicus (Wistar albino rats) as a model animal.MethodsA total of seventy-two adult male and female albino rats were randomly assigned into two experimental units. Each unit was grouped into three and received different treatment diets. Blood erythrocytes and weight were sampled on days 0, 14 and 28 to evaluate haematological parameters and body weight.ResultsResults showed concentration- and time-dependent significant increases (p < 0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and non-significant change (p > 0.05) in the red blood cells (RBCs) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in male rats after day 0. In female rats, significant increases (p < 0.05) were recorded in the PCV, Hb, MCV and MCH, whereas no significant increase was observed in the RBCs. Activities of WBCs and MCHC showed mixed trend in female rats. The results of the body weight recorded non-significant increases (p > 0.05) in both experimental units.ConclusionOur findings depict that the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the diets of both male and female rats produced a dose-dependent effect on blood formation while its role in controlling weight gain was observed. Hence, its intake in both animal and human diets should be rightly prescribed.

Influence of High and Low Saturated Fatty Acid-Based Diets on Weight and Body Composition of Albino Rats (Rattusnorvegicus)

The study investigated the effect of feeding high and low saturated fatty acid based diets to feed female albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus) with a view to evaluating the effects of the fatty diets on the feeding patterns, weight and body composition of the rats. Seven months old female Rattus norvegicus were used for the experiment. The weights of the rats were taken for twelve weeks using Salter balance (Model 250). Four experimental diets were formulated which were made up of 2.5 and 5.0 g of margarine (blue band), 2.5 and 5.0 g canola oil each mixed with the basal diet. The control diet was grower feed and the resultant experimental diets were fed to the experimental rats kept in cages at the rate of 12 rats per cage. The rats were fed with the diets at the rate of 3% of body weight for a period of twelve weeks. The highest weight gain was recorded in the group fed with 5.0 g margarine, followed by 5.0 g canola, 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and least in the rats fed the control.The mean weight gain of the rats fed with 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) from the mean weight of 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The food intake of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola was also significantly different (p&lt;0.05) from the food intake of rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The proximate composition of the carcass of the rats fed the different experimental diets showed that fat content of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine was higher than in the rats fed the other diets. The histology of the liver of rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola showed greater fat accumulation in the rat’s liver compared to rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola as well as the control. Rats with the highest body weight gain were considered obesity-prone; those with the lowest body weight were regarded as obesity-resistant while others were considered intermediate. The study concluded that the kind of fat consumed contributes to the weight gained by the rats.

Pengaruh Susu Kedelai terhadap Ekspresi Reseptor Estrogen-Β Uterus pada Masa Reproduksi Awal Rattus Norvegicus Betina

Receptors estrogen can also stimulated by other, namely by fitoestrogen. Fitoestrogen are the group of non steroid plants that have composition resembling the natural estrogen in the body. One of it is isoflavon, that can be binding with receptor estrogen, which affinity for RE-β is greater than RE-α and can make potential effect because receptors estrogen will blocked by isoflavon and cannot be occupied by estrogen.This compound can harm the endocrine system of the body because of the possible bad effects for reproductive function. Isoflavonoid is mostly found in soy. Soybean can be processed to soybean milk. The purpose of this study is demonstrate that administration of soy milk can affect the expression of RE-β uterus at the early reproductive period of female Rattus norvegicus. The method used is an experimental design post test control group design. The sample in this study is 24 Rattus norvegicus females. Then divided into four groups: one control group and three treatment groups were given soy milk each dose of 2.5 mg/kg/weight; 5mg/kg/weight; 10mg/kg/weight. The expression of RE-β uterus were measured by immunohistochemistry. Based on the analysis using ANOVA, was obtained p-value of 0.000, smaller than α = 0:05 (p &lt;0.05). There is a significant influence on the administration of soy milk increase expression of RE-β and by LSD test obtained the results of differences from application of soy milk with different doses.