Female Radiation Workers Research Articles

Analysis of whole blood cells and genetic influencing factors in medical radiation workers

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of whole blood cells and genetics of medical radiation workers, and provide technical support for improving occupational health management and strengthening radiation protection. Methods: In January 2022, a total of 4180 medical radiation workers who underwent occupational health examination in Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected as the research objects, and the results of demographic characteristics, whole blood cells, chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte micronucleus and other results were collected. The whole blood cells and genetic abnormalities of different demographic characteristics of medical radiation workers were compared. And the influencing factors of whole blood cells and genetic abnormalities were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The rates of hemoglobin (HGB), chromosome aberration and lymphocyte micronucleus abnormality were the highest in the nuclear medicine group, and the rate of white blood cell (WBC) abnormality in the radiotherapy group was higher than those in other occupational groups, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of WBC, HGB and lymphocyte micronucleus in female radiation workers were significantly higher than those in male radiation workers (P<0.001). The abnormal rates of HGB and lymphocyte micronucleus were statistically different among different working years and different age radiation workers (P<0.001). And the abnormal rate of platelet (PLT) was statistically different among different working years radiation workers (P<0.05). The abnormal rate of HGB in radiation workers of different hospital levels was statistically different (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal WBC and HGB in females radiation workers were 3.048 times and 13.122 times of those in males, respectively (P<0.001). The abnormal risks of WBC in the 6-20 working years group and >20 working years group were 1.517 times and 1.874 times of that in the ≤5 working years group, respectively (P<0.05). The abnormal risk of PLT in the >20 working years group was 2.643 times of that in ≤5 working years group (P<0.05). The abnormal risk of WBC in radiotherapy group and intervention group were 2.407 times and 1.341 times of that in general radiotherapy group, respectively (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Ionizing radiation has different effects on the whole blood cells and genetic indexes of workers in the nuclear medicine, interventional group and radiotherapy group. The occupational health protection of female radiation workers should be paid attention to.

Trend and distribution analysis of occupational radiation exposure among medical practices in Chongqing, China (2008-2020).

The personal dose levels of medical radiation workers in Chongqing from 2008 to 2020 were investigated and analysed. The results showed that a total of 68379 people were monitored from 2008 to 2020. The number of radiation workers increased year by year, and the number of female radiation workers increased rapidly. The monitoring data were analysed by Mann-Whitney test, Mann-Kendall test and Bonferroni method. The annual mean effective dose from 2008 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend (P<0.0001). At the 5% significance level, six occupational categories showed a significant decreasing trend (P<0.0001).The average annual effective dose for medical radiation workers in Chongqing in 2020 was 0.4482mSv and 94.73% of radiation workers received annual doses less than the public dose limit (1mSv). Personal dose monitoring results for most radiation workers were low. The protection of radiation workers in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine should be concerned.

Analysis of lens status of 4452 medical radiation workers in a city

Objective: To understand the lens condition of radiation workers in a city, explore the factors affecting lens opacity, and provide basis for strengthening the radiation protection management of radiation workers. Methods: In December 2020, according to the national radiation health monitoring project, the occupational health examination data of radiation workers in an occupational health examination institution in a city from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected, including the basic information of radiation workers and ophthalmic examination results. The lens conditions of radiation workers in different subgroups were analyzed, and the influencing factors of lens opacity were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression. Results: A total of 4452 radiation workers were included, of which 439 (9.9%) had lens opacity. The lens opacity rate of male radiation workers was higher than that of female radiation workers (P<0.05) . With the increase of age and length of service, the lens abnormalities of radiation workers increased (r(s)=0.269, 0.212, P<0.01) . The lens opacity rate of radiation workers engaged in nuclear medicine was high (12.7%, 9/71) . The rate of lens opacity in off-the-job medical examination radiation workers was high (18.3%, 26/142) . By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of lens opacification in the age ≤30-year-old group and the >30-<50-year-old group were 0.087 times (95%CI: 0.058-0.132) and 0.076 times (95%CI: 0.054-0.107) that in the age ≥50-year-old group, respectively. The risk of lens opacification in the age ≤10-year-old group, >10-<20-year-old group and 20-30-year-old group were 0.293 (95%CI: 0.189-0.456) , 0.413 (95%CI: 0.256-0.666) and 0.318 (95%CI: 0.204-0.497) times, respectively. Conclusion: The lens opacity rate of radiation workers is related to age and working age.Attention should be paid to high-age and long-term radiation workers to ensure their health.

Investigate the thyroid function of radiation workers and analysis of influence factors

Objective: To analyze the thyroid condition and influencing factors of radiation workers, and to provide scientific basis for radiation protection management. Methods: In April 2020, 4308 radiation workers from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019 were collected for occupational health examination in Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, the data included basic information, Thyroid hormone level and thyroid color doppler ultrasound results. The thyroid status of radiation workers in different subgroups was compared. The influencing factors of Thyroid nodule were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: 616 radiation workers had abnormal thyroid gland (14.3%, 616/4308) . The main manifestations of thyroid gland abnormality were abnormal Thyroid nodule (5.1%, 220/4308) and abnormal TSH level (7.1%, 308/4308) . Compared with the male radiation workers, the abnormal rate of Thyroid nodule, T3 and Tsh in female radiation workers was higher (P<0.05) , and the abnormal rate of Thyroid nodule, T3 and T4 increased with the increase of working age (P<0.05) . Radiation Workers in non-rated medical institutions and private medical institutions had the highest detection rate of Thyroid nodule (P<0.05) , and there was no significant difference in thyroid abnormalities among Workers (P<0.05) . By multiple logistic regression analysis, Sex (female) , age and institution type (private) were all independent risk factors for Thyroid nodule (95% CI: 1.548~2.763、1.002~1.030, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Ionizing radiation can cause thyroid damage in radiation workers, so we should pay more attention to the radiation protection management of female, high age, private and district medical organizations, so as to protect the health of radiation workers.

Evaluation of Blood Parameters of the Medical Radiation Workers

Introduction: Medical workers in the departments of radiology, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy are always exposed to ionizing radiations. Complete blood count (CBC) test is commonly used to monitor the health of radiation workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters of radiation workers of Isfahan, Iran, and reveal the effectiveness of the CBC tests in the prediction of the radiation effects on the health of such workers. Material and Methods: The current study was conducted on 160 radiation workers and 103 healthy people using CBC tests. To obtain the main aim of the study the obtained results of the two groups were compared in terms of blood parameters. Results: The hematocrit in the male radiation workers was estimated at 45.98±3.00, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (44.33±2.41%, P<0.05). However, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets counts were of lower levels in radiation workers, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The lymphocyte percentage of female radiation workers was 33.78±7.47%, which was significantly lower than that of the controls (37.84±8.97%, P<0.05). Conclusion: The CBC test can be used to follow up on the overall health status of radiation workers. However, it is essential to perform complementary methods, such as chromosomal changes, cytokines, and interleukins evaluation, for the early detection of radiation effects.

Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical/radiation exposure.

IntroductionAs providing health education, optimizing nutrition, and managing risk factors can be effective for ensuring a healthy outcome for women and her yet un-conceived baby, external influences play a significant role as well. Alcohol, smoking, caffeine use and other similar lifestyle factors, have now become an integral part of the daily life of most men and women, who use/misuse one or more of these harmful substances regularly despite knowledge of their detrimental effects. The adverse health outcomes of these voluntary and involuntary exposures are of even greater concern in women of child bearing age where the exposure has the potential of inflicting harm to two generations. This paper is examining the available literature for the possible effects of caffeine consumption, smoking, alcohol or exposure to chemicals may have on the maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH).MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence was conducted to ascertain the possible impact of preconception usage of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and other illicit drugs; and exposure to environmental chemicals and radiant on MNCH outcomes. A comprehensive strategy was used to search electronic reference libraries, and both observational and clinical controlled trials were included. Cross-referencing and a separate search strategy for each preconception risk and intervention ensured wider study capture.ResultsHeavy maternal preconception caffeine intake of >300mg/d significantly increase the risk of a subsequent fetal loss by 31% (95% CI: 8-58%). On the other hand, preconception alcohol consumption leads to non-significant 30% increase in spontaneous abortion (RR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.85-1.97). Preconception counselling can lead to a significant decrease in the consumption of alcohol during the first trimester (OR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.08-2.97). Periconception smoking, on the other hand, was found to be associated with an almost 3 times increased risk of congenital heart defects (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.76-4.47). While the review found limited evidence of preconception environmental exposure on maternal, newborn and child health outcomes, occupational exposure in female radiation workers before conception showed an increased impact in risk of early miscarriages.ConclusionIdentification of substance abuse and environmental history during preconception period provides an opportunity to assist women in reducing major health risks and identify key determinants of healthy pregnancy. Studies have shown that the aversion and prevention of exposure feasibility can play an important role in improving the health of women and their families, however, the results should be interpreted with great caution as there were few studies in each section. Therefore, there is a need for more rigorous studies to test the hypotheses.

Are radiologists and radiological technologists at greater risk of reproductive health problems? Data from seven provinces in Iran

Many radiation workers believe that occupational exposures have the potential to interfere with their normal reproductive function. In this study, a total of 621 radiation workers (336 females and 285 males) who worked in hospitals/clinics in seven different provinces were randomly selected. All the participants were interviewed and the reports of their previous exposures, as recorded by film badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter or pen dosimeters, were investigated. Only 47 participants (7.57%) had a history of receiving doses above the background level. The overall prevalence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and congenital abnormalities were 10.67%, 1.21% and 1.71%, respectively. The rates of occurrence of at least one lifetime disorder for spontaneous abortion, stillbirths and congenital abnormality in 238 female radiation workers who had a history of previous pregnancy were 20.17%, 3.12% and 4.47%, respectively. Among 238 female radiation workers who had a history of previous pregnancies, 79.83% had no history of spontaneous

Cancer in the offspring of female radiation workers: a record linkage study

This study uses record linkage between the National Registry of Childhood Tumours (NRCT) and the National Registry for Radiation Workers to re-assess our earlier finding that the offspring of women radiation workers exposed to ionising radiation before the child's conception may be at an increased risk of childhood cancer. An additional 16 964 childhood cancer patients taken from the NRCT, together with the same number of matched controls, are included. Pooled analyses, based on the new and original datasets, include 52 612 cases and their matched controls. Relative risks (RRs) for maternal employment as a radiation worker, maternal exposure or not during the relevant pregnancy and pattern of employment relative to conception and diagnosis dates were calculated.The new data provide no evidence of an increased risk of childhood cancer associated with maternal preconception radiation work and thus do not support our earlier finding of a raised risk in the offspring of female radiation workers. Considering the pooled data, a weak association was found between maternal radiation work during pregnancy and childhood cancer in offspring although the evidence is limited by the small numbers of linked cases and controls.

Mortality of employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1946–97

Background: The workforce of the UK Atomic Energy Authority has been the subject of several previous epidemiological investigations. Aims: To detect and investigate associations between mortality rates and employment in...

Whole-body doses of occupationally exposed female workers in Nigeria(1999–2001)

The work described in this note is based on the national dose registry of radiationworkers in Nigeria kept by the Federal Radiation Protection Service. In each ofthe three years (1999–2001) used for this analysis, the number of male radiationworkers was more than that of female radiation workers in both medicine andindustry. The ratio of the number of female radiation workers to thatof their male counterparts, however, is smaller in industry. The meanof the annual doses of all radiation workers increased from 3.6 mSv in1999 to 4.7 mSv in 2000 and to 7.7 mSv in 2001. This increase was aresult of the yearly increase in mean annual doses to radiation workers inindustry. In the industrial category, the mean annual doses of femaleradiation workers were higher than those of their male counterparts in1999 and 2001 in both occupation categories. In 2000, while the meanannual doses were the same for both male and female radiation workers inthe medical category, the mean annual dose of male radiation workerswas higher than that of female radiation workers in industry. Femaleradiation workers received the highest annual doses in 1999 and 2001.These results indicate the need for the regulatory authority to pay morecareful attention to the control of female radiation workers’ exposures.

Assessment and Control of Fetal Exposure

Abstract Assessment and control of fetal exposure in the workplace is complicated by both biological and political/social ramifications. Because the embryo/fetus is more sensitive to radiation, its risk from radiological exposures is greater than the risk to adult radiation workers. The number of women employed as radiation workers has increased dramatically during the past 10 years, and some facilities have instituted fetal protection programs with special requirements for female radiation workers. It is necessary that programs developed to protect the fetus/embryo also meet the requirements of nondiscrimination against women that are set out by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. These requirements were addressed in part by a recent Supreme Court ruling regarding fetal protection policies, which indicated that employers may not bar women of childbearing age from certain jobs because of the potential risk to their fetuses. Several approaches to this problem can be t...

Analysis Of Overexposure Cases For Female Radiation Workers In Medical And Research Institutions In India

Analysis Of Overexposure Cases For Female Radiation Workers In Medical And Research Institutions In India

Increased incidence of breast cancer in female radiation workers in the UK

Increased incidence of breast cancer in female radiation workers in the UK