Female Lays Research Articles

ADULT LONGEVITY OF Idea blanchardii (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) CAPTIVE BRED AT LIPI BUTTERFLY BREEDING FACILITY, CIBINONG, INDONESIA

Idea blanchardii is one of many endemic butterfly species in Sulawesi, Indonesia. This species is among the highly traded butterfly species thus requires biological information on the captive breeding. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the adult life-span, to report the multivoltine generation, and to provide conservation-related insight. Captive breeding research on this species was conducted within the period of September 2018 until February 2020. The host plant, Parsonsia alboflavescens, was used to support the life of this species for ovipositing and larval food plant. The adults would visit almost any flowers available at the facility. In total, 696 individuals were observed. Data on mating information of the species is presented here. Observations on when a female lays eggs are also revealed. This research showed that I. blanchardii is polygamous and polyandrous. Individuals of this species could live much longer than other butterfly species. A few could live over 80 days and one still seen laying eggs at the age of 136 days old.

Biology and morphometry of curry leaf tortoise beetle, Silana farinosa (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)- an emerging pest in Kerala

Silana farinosa (Boheman), commonly known as curry leaf tortoise beetle, is a coleopteran pest of curry leaves and some other plants belonging to the Rutaceae family. It is an emerging major pest of curry leaves in India that can cause severe defoliation to the crop. A female lays an average of 5.00 + 0.52 ootheca in her lifetime with a mean of 14.00 + 0.33 eggs in it. The average duration of the egg stage was 5.30 + 0.15 days, the grub stage was 16.80 + 0.29 days, the pupal stage was 5.00 + 0.21 and the adult stage was 81.10 + 0.80 days. Key words: Curry leaf, Silana farinosa, Kerala

Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes use communal cues to manage population density at breeding sites

Where a female mosquito lays her eggs creates the conditions for reproductive success. Here we identify a communal behavior among ovipositing female mosquitoes. When choosing equal breeding sites, gravid Aedes aegypti aggregate more often than expected. This aggregation occurs when water contact is restricted and does not require the presence of eggs. Instead, the aggregation is regulated by the number of females present at the breeding site. Using assays with both occupied and empty oviposition sites, we show that the Orco olfactory co-receptor and a carbon dioxide receptor, Gr3, detect the presence of mosquitoes. orco mutants aggregate more often in empty sites, suggesting attractive olfactory cues influence females to associate with one another. Gr3 mutant females do not prefer either site, suggesting that the CO2 receptor is necessary to evaluate mosquito population density at breeding sites. Further, raising CO2 levels is sufficient to cause wild-type mosquitoes to avoid empty oviposition sites. Our results demonstrate that female mosquitoes can regulate their own population density at breeding sites using attractive and repellent communal cues.

Hypothesis Explaining Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma During Infection with Schistosoma Haematobium

Schistosome worms are blood-dwelling flukes that cause chronic infection in more than 200 million people and are thought to be responsible for 500,000 deaths annually. During infection with Schistosoma haematobium, eggs are deposited in the mucosa and submucosa of the bladder and lower ureters. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a long-term sequela of chronic infection. The mechanisms underlying the association between S. haematobium and SCC of the bladder are largely unknown, with all reports to date exclusively demonstrating epidemiological evidence linking S. haematobium infection with SCC of the bladder. Scientists hypothesised that the parasite antigens might induce alterations in epithelial cells towards cancer. Scientists used Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and treated the cells in culture with S. haematobium total antigen (Sh). Results showed increased proliferation, increased S-phase and decreased apoptosis, as well as down-regulation of tumor suppressor p27 and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 (Botelho et al., 2009). Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones and is recognized as a key event in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis and spread of malignant lesions (Dematei et al., 2017). S. haematobium is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (Hodderet al., 2000). Another factor that may play a major role in bladder carcinogenesis in schistosomiasis patients is the presence of continuous physical irritation and inflammation produced by Schistosoma eggs in the bladder mucosa. The adult S. haematobium worms inhabit the veins of the perivesical plexus, where the female lays eggs. Some eggs pass through the bladder mucosa and are excreted in the urine. Other eggs are trapped in the tissue. A chronic inflammatory reaction is initiated, with the invasion of histiocytes and other inflammatory cells into the bladder, the formation of granulomas and eventually fibrosis. In addition, the eruption of the eggs through the mucosa stimulates reparative urothelial hyperplasia and cell turnover (Rosin et al., 1994). In our article we try to explain possible mechanism of conversion normal cells into tumor cells from the position of karyogamic theory.

Bioecology of the millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso

Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., main cereal crop in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, is attacked by the millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) which causes considerable damage. Previous studies on this pest have been conducted on ecology, biology and biological control. However, knowledge of some bioecological parameters of H. albipunctella remains to be elucidated. This is necessary in order to strengthen existing control strategies for more effective control of the pest. Thus, the work carried out for two consecutive years in 2015 and 2016 showed that the proportion of adults captured in light traps was four females for one male. The rate of gravid females was between 73 and 100%, whether they were fed by honey solution or fasting. In addition, no adults of H. albipunctella were captured in the dry season. To ensure their progeny, females prefer lay eggs on 1/3 extension and fully expanded panicles. They have a lifespan of 4 days and live longer than males. The average egg hatch rate was more than 89% with a survival rate for stage 1 (L1) larvae ranging from 41 to 88% on millet panicles depending on the number of L1 present on the millet panicle. In farmers' fields, the damage caused by MHM is important with more than 40% of panicles destroyed. In addition, no female lays eggs on a panicle that has previously received eggs from another female. The implications of these results for control strategies against this pest are discussed.

The adaptive skill of pest dysdercus koenigii fabricius (hemiptera, pyrrhocoridae),and their destruction on the plant Abelmoschus esculenta, at Ramgarh (Jharkhand, India).

The insect Dysdercus koenigii Fabricus (Hymenoptera,pyrrhocoridae) is a polyphagus serious vegetable pest. Its adaptation with change in climatic temperature and humidity makes it the omnipresent, it is commonly called as Red Cotton bug. Adults have more climatic tolerance than nymphs and eggs. In extreme cold the eggs hatched to nymph and nymph to adult in short duration,during this period adult hides under the old fallen decaying leaves on the soil, in the cracks or crevices. In the spring the female lays eggs on the moist ground under the old decaying leaves, in the cracks or in the crevices. The incubation period for eggs completed and tiny nymphs appear, after 5 moults nymph transform into adults. In hot season the life cycle was variable, in the scarcity of host plant pest migrate to or bridging to other cultivated plant and continue its life cycle but its most likely host plant is cotton plant. The experimental place Ramgarh is a district town located at atlatitude: 23.380 N and longitude 85.340E. Moderate temperature, more humidity and dense greenary make it one of the most attractive district. Nature puts all the workmanship to create this place and reinforced all its beauty to it. It is surrounded on three sides by hills and open at one side by planes .The slop of the hills, variety of soils, plants and animals make it a natural resource of biodiversity. It is a niche for various kinds of animal and insect (Upadhyay2023). The experimental pest Dysdercus koenigii. Fabricius (Hemiptera, pyrrhocoridae) was also observed in the crop field of Ramgarh. The farmers cultivate vegetable plant Abelmos chus esculentus in mass level and experimental pest like to feeds the soft leaves and pods of host plants decline the quality of product and reduce quantity. During extreme cold months egg and nymph transform into adult is adapted to tolerate cold better and spend their life to enter under the decaying fallen leaves ,in the cracks or in the crevices .In extreme hot season its life cycle become variable, rising in temperature and humidity varies its life cycle. Prevention from this bug is very difficult; no natural enemies are better known, but control of pest population by some synthetic chemicals are advised to the farmers to spray. Endosulphan 2% dust, Malathion and Fenitrothion are widely used insecticides to control the bug population. . KEYWORDS :Nature, Biodiversity, adaptation, variable, quantity population, synthetic chemical.

Pest categorisation of Didesmococcus unifasciatus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae) for the EU following commodity risk assessments of Malus domestica (apple), Prunus dulcis (almond) and P. persica (peach) plants for planting from Türkiye in which D. unifasciatus was identified as a pest that could potentially enter the EU. It was first described in Uzbekistan and is widely distributed in Central and Western Asia, including Türkiye (where it was recently reported as limited to the Hakkari and Diyarbakir regions in the Asian part of the country). It has not been reported within the EU. It is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. It completes one generation per year; a female lays between 1,500 and 2,400 eggs. It feeds on several important fruit trees of the family Rosaceae (e.g. P. dulcis, M. domestica), as well as Ficus carica and Ulmus sp. Most of its hosts are widely cultivated in the EU. Woody plants for planting and cut branches are the main potential pathways for entry of D. unifasciatus into the EU. Climatic conditions and availability of host plants would likely allow this species to establish and spread in southern parts of the EU. Just as in other invaded areas, the presence of many of its natural enemies in the EU is likely to prevent the scale from becoming an economic or environmental pest. Nevertheless, phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and spread. Considering the weight of evidence, D. unifasciatus does not meetall the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

Attraction of Pissodes castaneus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) to Pinus taeda: laboratory and field evaluation

Coniferous trees of the genus Pinus (Pinaceae) are under continuous threats by numerous herbivorous insect species and pathogens attacking nearly all parts and tissues of the plants. To defend themselves, pine trees produce large amounts of oleoresin that is accumulated in a highly developed network of specialized resin ducts, which are distributed in the wood, bark, and needles. Such defense reactions in pines can be induced by the attack of herbivores. The banded pine weevil, Pissodes castaneus (De Geer, 1775) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is an important pest of Pinus in Brazil, where it has been an invasive species since 2001. The female lays its eggs under the tree bark of trees and the larvae feed in the phloem of the trunk and branches, interrupting the sap circulation and eventually causing its death. In the present study, we conducted detailed GC–MS analyses of volatiles emitted by twigs of Pinus taeda L. We analyzed how the attack by P. castaneus males and females affects the volatile pattern emitted by the twigs. When comparing volatiles produced by healthy plants and by female- and male-attacked P. taeda, qualitative and quantitative differences were detected, as the decreased production of limonene, germacrene D and (E)-caryophyllene and the increase of α-pinene. Laboratory bioassays showed that plants attacked by male and female P. castaneus were more attractive to the insects. Understanding about what compounds may attract or repel the insects may help in the development of more effective traps, as well as preventing stress to avoid infestation.

The first data on the biology of Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (coleoptera: curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of himalayan blue pine

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the studies on the biology and development of the bark beetle Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of Himalayan blue pine Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. in Kashmir Himalaya. This pest is an aggressive and notorious one, but little is known of its biology. This beetle pest overwinters in adult stage under the bark of host trees P. wallichiana. After emergence, the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4–6 days. Reproduction is polygamous type; two to six females join a male in his nuptial chamber. After mating, each of the females makes one gallery with an average length of 10.76 (±3.30 standard deviation [SD]) cm. The female lays 23.16 (±7.03 SD) eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 8–18 days. The larvae have five instars and complete their development in 30–45 days constructing larval galleries of 3.83 (±0.63 SD) cm in length. The larvae pupate for 18–28 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 45–70 days, and the total lifespan of this species ranges from 101 to 156 days. The seasonal distribution of various life stages and the number of generations were also recorded.

Deep Learning-Based Parasitic Egg Identification From a Slender-Billed Gull’s Nest

Intraspecific nest parasitism is a phenomenon that attracts the attention of biologists since it helps in saving the endangered species such as Slender Billed Gull. The problem comes from the fact that a parasite female lays its eggs in the nest of another female (host) of the same species which causes the abandon of the nest by the host. This behavior causes a significant reduction in future birds number and leads to the expansion of this specie. Thus, there has been an urgent necessity to clean the nest from parasitic eggs. So, our aim is to built an automatic parasitic egg identification system based on egg visual features information. Our system uses deep learning models which have proven their success for image classification. Indeed, our system conduct an egg image’s pre-processing phase followed by Fast Beta Wavelet Network (FBWN) to extract the most efficient descriptors (shape, texture, and color). Then, these features will be inputted to the Stacked AutoEncoder for egg classification. Our proposed system, has been evaluated on 91-egg dataset collected from 31 clutches of eggs in Sfax region, Tunisia. Our model has given a parasitic egg identification accuracy of 89.9% which has outperformed the state of the art method and shows the efficiency and the robustness of our system.

Effect of Male Body Size on Female Reproduction in Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae).

Simple SummaryThe benefits of copulation with large males were investigated in the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera). Sexually immature adults were transferred from the field and kept as female-male pairs with different partner size ratios. We investigated the influence of male body size on the number and weight of eggs and time elapsed from the transfer to their deposition. The expected positive effect of increasing male body size on the characteristics of female reproduction was not detected.Females and males of the abundant heteropteran species Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) mate with the larger of the available partners. The male benefits from copulation with a large female, which is more productive than a small female. However, the benefit to females from copulation with a large male has not yet been investigated. Overwintered sexually immature adults were transferred from the field to indoors for a long day at 25 °C and subsequently kept as female-male pairs with different partner size ratios. The female lays eggs in several successive clutches. We investigated the influence of male size on the number and weight of eggs in individual clutches and the time elapsed from the transfer to their deposition. These characteristics of reproduction were first regressed on female size, and residuals of this regression were then regressed on male size. The positive effect of increasing male size on the characteristics of female reproduction manifested as a significant value of the latter regressions. The expected positive effect of increasing male body size on female reproductive characteristics was not detected. Several reasons for this deficiency are discussed.

Relationship between the abdominal sagging index and the reproductive performance of the Roman goose.

This research aimed to explore the changes in the observed abdominal sagging index (ASI) and reproductive performance of Roman male and female geese during the breeding period. The 339 six-month-old breeding geese (109 male; 230 female) were used in this study, in which five male and five female geese were slaughtered on a monthly basis to record the ASI. The short diameter of the testes of the male goose when the female goose lays eggs and in the second, third, and fourth months was significantly wider than in the fifth months (19.0, 20.8, 21.4, and 19.6 vs 12.7 and 14.0 mm/bird; p = 0.0105). On the other hand, the testicular weight of the male goose in the second and third months after the female goose lays eggs was significantly higher than that in the second and fifth months after laying (0.33% and 0.37% vs 0.11% and 0.19%; p = 0.0212). During the exploring period, the length and weight of the fallopian tube, the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles in 2 to 3 cm, the number of follicles in 3 to 4 cm, the fallopian tube weight in the carcass weight percentage, and the ovary weight in the carcass weight percentage all demonstrated a significant curve response. Further, female ASI was positively correlated with reproductive tract length (r = 0.815; p<0.05) and egg production per female (r = 0.790; p<0.05). The ASI classification method is more objective and easy to distinguish. This scoring method has a high correlation with the number of eggs laid by each goose and the length of the reproductive tract, inferring that the goose observation could take advantage of ASI during egg-laying and can predict the reproductive system development during the laying period and determine when the breeding goose begins to lay eggs.

Biology of Platynaspis saundersi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Biology of Platynaspis saundersi (Crotch) was studied under laboratory conditions at the Department of Entomology, Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Himachal Pradesh, India. The mean preoviposition period was 7.00± 0.21 days, while the oviposition period was 43.50± 0.35 days. The female lays 130.30± 5.96 eggs and the hatching was 86.32± 3.12%, with incubation period being 5.0± 0.47 days and the larval period was for 12.40± 0.35 days. The observed prepupal and pupal periods were 1.50± 0.48 and 7.50± 0.21 day, with longevity of male and female being 70.00± 2.00 and 79.00± 0.89 days, respectively.

An extreme type of brood overlapping in wild-living birds

Brood overlapping is a breeding strategy that aims at shortening the time between successive broods. Most typically, each brood is raised in separate nest and parents share care between broods. If successive overlapping broods are located in the same nest, the second brood is usually initiated after nestlings from the previous brood have left the nest. The cases in which a female lays eggs in the same nest but before the nestlings from the previous brood have fledged (hereafter, Single Nest Brood Overlapping, SNBO) are rare and seldom studied. Based on a literature research, we revise data on SNBO occurrence. To date, about 37 cases of SNBO have been recorded in eight bird species and occurs mainly nest box breeders. Moreover, we surveyed SNBO in a wild-living passerine, Great Tit (Parus major). We found evidence of SNBO in 10.1% of the 69 first broods that we monitored using camera traps installed inside nest boxes. Females started the second brood when first brood nestlings were 17–19 days old, up to 6 days prior to fledging. This type of brood overlap occurred more often in nests that had smaller initial number of fledglings. The timing of the first brood, the clutch size and duration of the nestling phase had no significant effect on SNBO occurrence. We discuss some potential causes and fitness consequences of this unusual breeding strategy.

Pest categorisation of Pseudococcus cryptus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), the citriculus mealybug, for the EU. P. cryptus originates from Southeast Asia but is now established in East Africa, the Middle East and South America. The pest is not currently known to occur in the EU (there was a record once, in 2006, in a zoo/botanical garden from southern Spain). P. cryptus is not listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. It is polyphagous, feeding on plants in more than 90 genera in 51 families, and exhibits a preference for citrus (Citrus spp.) and palms (especially Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Areca catechu). It is an important pest of citrus in Japan and parts of the Middle East, although in Israel, it is controlled by natural enemies. It is sexually reproductive, has six overlapping generations each year in Israel, and each female lays up to approximately 150 eggs, depending on temperature and host species. The main natural dispersal stage is the first instar, which crawls over the host plant or may be dispersed further by wind and animals. Plants for planting, fruits, vegetables and cut flowers provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. Climatic conditions in EU member states around the Mediterranean Sea where there is host plant availability, especially citrus, are conducive for establishment. The introduction of P. cryptus is expected to have an economic impact in the EU through reduction in yield and quality of important crops (mainly citrus) and damage to various ornamental plants. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and further spread. P. cryptus meets the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

Study of some biological parameters of the oil palm tree leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Hispinae) in a semi-controlled environment

The oil palm tree is the first source of fatty substances of vegetable origin in the world. However, its cultivation is strongly threatened by damage from Coelaenomenodera lameensis. The present study aimed at promotion a good knowledge of its biology in order to better manage its populations. Thus, some biological parameters of this pest were studied by means of cage breeding (September 2015-December 2017) on an plot ofLa Mé station of National Agronomic Research Center located 30 km North-East of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. The results revealed that the development of C. lameensis passes successively through stages egg, larva, nymph, internal adult and external adult stages. Also, the female lays an average of 137.48 ± 62.04 eggs and the number of individuals gradually decreases from egg stage to adult stage. The average life cycle length was 94.5 ± 7.94 days with a sex ratio of 1.34 ± 0.25 in favor of males. In addition, the mean lifespan was shorter in females than in males with respectively, 103.24 ± 10.25 days and 127.34 ± 21.41 days. All these parameters constitute potential indicators of C. lameensis biology and could help to put in place good strategies for control of its populations.

Opiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and biological control of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia: Past, present and future

AbstractOpiine braconids are parasitoids of the immature stages of frugivorous tephritids. The female wasp lays her eggs into the eggs or larvae of the fruit fly host, where the immature wasp develops before emerging as a next‐generation adult from the now dead host pupal case. In support of a new generation of Australian fruit fly parasitoid research, this paper comprehensively reviews what is known about the Australian fruit fly infesting opiines. Based on the most recent taxonomic revision 11 fruit fly infesting opiine species are documented to occur in Australia, but we consider as doubtful the record forDiachasmimorpha longicaudataand consider the record forFopius illusoriusto be tentative without further collections. We identify that the systematics and taxonomy of the Australian native fruit fly infesting opiines are in urgent need of further work. The history of fruit fly biological control in Australia is comprehensively reviewed, including the export of native Australian opiines for fruit fly control elsewhere in the world. Australia was actively involved in three major classical biological control programmes against fruit flies from the turn of the 1900s until the mid‐1960s. Despite the introduction of 11 opiine species, plus numerous other natural enemies, onlyFopius arisanusestablished in eastern Australia, where in South‐east Queensland it can now cause between 30 and 40% mean parasitism. In addition to the exoticF. arisanus, the native speciesDiachasmimorpha kraussiiandDiachasmimorpha tryonialso cause fruit fly parasitism in agriculturally important crops: both species have also been liberated widely outside of Australia for fruit fly control. Other Australian opiines have not been reared from flies infesting commercial crops and appear biologically restricted to the fruits and environs of Australian east‐coast rainforests. The biology literature forD. tryoniandD. kraussiiis comprehensively reviewed, while forF. arisanus, already reviewed elsewhere, key literature only is covered. Forward looking, we consider the potential for inoculative or inundative releases of opiines in areas where they do not currently occur to be good, while conservation biological control may help to increase the impacts of parasitoids in areas where they are already established.

First Report of Caryobruchus gleditsiae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Brahea berlandieri in Northeast Mexico

First Report of Caryobruchus gleditsiae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Brahea berlandieri in Northeast Mexico

Mentoring dyads in higher education: It feels lucky, but it's more than luck

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the formation, maintenance and sustenance of a mentoring dyad in higher education. By investigating the reflections of a female mentor and mentee, who both engaged in a formal Mentoring Program, the intention is to inform the design of future programs and expectations of participants, enhance the quality of future practice and understand the benefits mentoring might offer to the academic community.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers utilised a self-study research design to explore their reflections of a mentoring dyad in higher education. The project was informed by a personal–constructivist–collaborative approach, with participants maintaining journals throughout the partnership. These reflections were then compared in order to understand the perceptions of the participants as their relationship developed.FindingsSix themes emerged from the analysis representing the mentoring dyad experience under three categories: (1) forming – making the match, (2) maintaining – flexibility, responsiveness, and persistence, and (3) sustaining – desire to not disappoint and reciprocal learning.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this paper focuses on the experiences of two participants, the in-depth nature of this exploration draws out significant practical considerations that can be applied to the development and/or reinvigoration of formal mentoring programs and/mentoring dyads in other contexts.Originality/valueThese unique insights into their mentoring dyad over a significant period of time add to this dynamic body of knowledge. This study gives voice to female academics and lays bare their vulnerability and openness in sharing their lived experiences of participating in a formal mentoring program.

Life Cycle of Cut and Dry Bamboo Borer - &lt;I&gt;Chlorophorus annularis&lt;/i&gt; Fab. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Chlorophorus annularis Fab. is a primary borer of cut and dry bamboo. Adult Cerambycid beetles emerge in May-September mainly in June. The female of C. annularis laid eggs on cut bamboo that is fairly dry during May-July. Freshly laid egg is elliptical in shape and off-white in colour and later changed to yellowish white. Single gravid female lays 21.6 ± 2.59 eggs. The incubation period is 12.9 ± 1.46 days. Larvae of C. annularis are milky white and on hatching, bore into the tissues of the walls of the bamboo and larval period extended for 9-10 months. Pupa is off-white in colour and later changes to yellowish white. The pupal period is about one month during March-April. Total life cycle from egg hatching to adult beetle emergence was spread over one year.