Female Infant Mortality Rate Research Articles

On Forecasting Infant Mortality Rate by Sex using ARIMA Model: A Case of Nigeria

This paper examines the application of ARIMA model on forecasting Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Nigeria. It undertakes a comparison of Male and Female. The data used were obtained from the website of the World Bank. The data consist of annual Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births) on Male and Female from 1980 to 2019. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model and Time Series Plot, Residual Plot and the Histogram for Residuals were used to check the forecast adequacy of the selected models. The results of this study showed that the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) on Male and Female attain stationarity after the second differencing. ARIMA (2,2,0) with AIC of -9.94 and ARIMA (1,2,0) with AIC of -13.10 were selected for forecasting Infant Mortality Rate for Male and Female respectively. The results further showed that the selected ARIMA models are adequate for forecasting male and female Infant Mortality Rate, and that by 2030, Male infant mortality rate will decline to 58.54 per 1000 live births while Female infant mortality rate will decline to 44.50 per 1000 live births.

Impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) on infant mortality: a quasi-experimental study in the USA, 2003–2014

ObjectivesThe Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the first mandatory market-based regulatory programme to limit regional carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the USA. Empirical evidence has shown that high concentrations...

Role of Globalisation in Women’s Health: A Key Issue

The health of Indian women is intrinsically linked to their status in society. Research on women’s status has found that the contributions Indian women make to families often are overlooked, and instead they are viewed as economic burdens. There is a strong son preference in India, as sons are expected to care for parents as they age. This son preference, along with high dowry costs for daughters, sometimes results in the mistreatment of daughters. Further, Indian women have low levels of both education and formal labor force participation. They typically have little autonomy, living under the control of first their fathers, then their husbands, and finally their son. All of these factors exert a negative impact on the health status of Indian women. Poor health has repercussions not only for women but also their families. Women in poor health are more likely to give birth to low weight infants. They also are less likely to be able to provide food and adequate care for their children. Finally, a woman’s health affects the household economic well-being, as a woman in poor health will be less productive in the labor force. While women in India face many serious health concerns, this profile focuses on only five key issues: reproductive health, violence against women, nutritional status, unequal treatment of girls and boys, and HIV/AIDS. Because of the wide variation in cultures, religions, and levels of development among India’s 25 states and 7 union territories, it is not surprising that women’s health also varies greatly from state to state. To give a more detailed picture, data for the major states will be presented whenever possible. The discrimination against the girl child is systematic and pervasive enough to manifest in many demographic measures for the country. For the country as a whole as well as its rural areas, the infant mortality rate is higher for females in comparison to that for males. Usually, though not exclusively, it is in the northern and western states that the female infant mortality rates are higher, a difference of ten points between the two sexes specific rates not being uncommon.

Excess Female Infant Mortality And The Gender Gap In Infant Care In Bihar, India

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes excess female infant mortality and the gender gap in infant care in the East-Central state of Bihar, India. Using pooled data from three waves of the National Family Health Surveys (1992–3; 1998–9; 2005–6) in a panel analysis, it compares female infant mortality rates in Bihar to those in thirteen major Indian states. These comparisons suggest that females in Bihar experience a statistically significant excess infant mortality when compared to female infants in less gender-biased states in eastern, western, and southern regions, but not when compared to more gender-biased states in northern and central regions. An estimated 23 percent of female infant deaths in Bihar are excess. Examination of infant care demonstrates that a gender gap in Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination is the single most important driver of excess female infant mortality, followed by gaps in vaccination for polio; diphtheria, pertussis, tuberculosis (DPT); and measles.

Geographical disparities of infant mortality in rural China

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to investigate the trends and causes of regional disparities of infant mortality rate (IMR) in rural China from 1996 to 2008.DesignA population-based, longitudinal study.SettingThe...

Sex Ratio at Birth and Infant Mortality Rate in China: An Empirical Study

In this article, we used the data from the last three population censuses of China in 1982, 1990 and 2000, to study the dynamics of the sex ratio at birth and the infant mortality rate in China. In the late 1970s, China started its economic reform and implemented many family planning programs. Since then there has been great economic development and a dramatic decrease in fertility in most of its provinces. Along with these achievements, the sex ratio at birth of the Chinese population has increased to significantly more males to females, and in some provinces of China reached unprecedented levels. The ratio of infant mortality of the males to females for many provinces in China become extremely unbalanced with a much higher female infant mortality rate. In our study, we investigated the statistical relationship between the sex ratio at birth and the ratio of the infant mortality of males to female. Social and economic reasons for these unnatural trends are also discussed.

鹿児島県における乳幼児死亡率の減少について

The secular changes and regional differences in perinatal, infant and early childhood mortality rates were studied for the period 1967 through 1986 using the health statistics issued by the Kagoshima prefectural government. The inter-relation of these mortality rates was also discussed. The following findings were made. 1) The infant mortality rate and early childhood mortality rates have generally declined progressively in the course of a 20-year period 1967 through 1986, the decrease was much more marked in infant mortality rate than in early childhood mortality rates and much greater in the first 15 years than afterward. The current low rates of infant mortality suggest that further decrease will be slower or difficult to achieve . Since 1980, in particular, the 1-year-old mortality rate has practically increased rather than stagnated. Then, a hypothesis was proposed that the increased rate in 1-year-old mortality was one of the causes of the decline in infant mortality rate by delaying deaths into the post-infant period. The late fetal death rate has also declined over the study period, the decrease was consistent with the pattern of infant mortality rate. 2) There were no marked differences between males and females for the changing patterns in infant and early childhood mortality rates. However, considerable differences in these mortality rates between male and female infants existed, in that male infants had consistently higher rates of mortality as compared with female infants . 3) Among 16 community-bases regional groups within the health center's jurisdiction, the income level was inversely correlated with both infant mortality rate and 1-4 year mortality rate. This correlation was significant for female infants but not for male infants. This fact raised a quetion whether the beneficial effects of urbanization in local communities on the infant and early childhood mortality rates were shown firstly among male infants. In contrast, fetal component of perinatal mortality was inversely correlated with female infant mortality rate but not with male infant mortality rate. The lower mortality rate reported for female infants may be partly attributed to the poor registration of infant deaths, since eraly neonatal deaths are sometimes reported as fetal death.