Cancer Of Female Genital Tract Research Articles

Optimizing Palliative Pelvic Radiotherapy in Gynecological Cancers: A Systematic Review and Analysis.

Palliative radiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing symptomatic gynecological cancers (GCs). This article aims to systematically review literature studies on palliative pelvic radiotherapy in cervical, endometrial, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The primary focus is centered around evaluating symptom relief, quality of life (QOL), and toxicity in order to ascertain optimal radiotherapy regimens. For this thorough review, we mainly relied on Medline to gather papers published until November 2023. Selected studies specifically detailed symptomatology and QOL responses in palliative pelvic radiotherapy used for GCs. Thirty-one studies, mostly retrospective studies and those lacking standardized outcome measures, showed varied responses. Encouraging outcomes were noted in managing hemorrhage (55%) and pain control (70%). However, comprehensively assessing overall symptom response rates and toxicity remained challenging. Investigations into 10 Gy fractionation revealed benefits in addressing tumor-related bleeding and pain in female genital tract cancers. Palliative pelvic radiotherapy effectively manages symptomatic GCs. Nonetheless, unresolved dosing and fractionation considerations warrant further investigation. Embracing modern therapies alongside radiotherapy offers improved symptom control, emphasizing the importance of selecting suitable patients for successful GC palliation interventions.

Assessment of the relationships between invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection and distribution characteristics in China: According to the new WHO classification criteria in 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the association between endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) and HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection, as well as the characteristics of ECA distribution in China. MethodsA total of 756 specimens were collected from seven geographic regions across China. All cases were histologically categorized according to the 2020 WHO classification of female genital tract cancers, and 496 cases were included. We performed the SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25 assay on all specimens' whole tissue sections using PCR (WTS-PCR) to detect HPV DNA and 141 WTS-PCR HPV-positive specimens were selected for the laser capture microdissection (LCM). ResultsFour predominant prevalent histological categories of ECA in China were usual type (51.8%, 257), invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (iSMILE) (11.5%, 57), mucinous NOS (not otherwise specid) (10.3%, 51), and gastric type (7.9%, 39). HPV positivity was 91.4% (235/257), 100.0% (57/57), and 90.2% (46/51) in usual type, iSMILE, and mucinous NOS by WTS-PCR detection, respectively (P < 0.001). LCM-PCR results showed a decreasing trend in HPV DNA positivity, and 21 (95.5%) patients with HPV-I were negative for HPV-DNA in glandular epithelial tissue. The most prevalent HPV genotypes in ECA were HPV16 (47.5%), 18 (40.8%), and 52 (6.5%). The average age of patients with HPVA was 44.9 years, while that of patients with HPV-I was 49.1 years, HPVA is more prevalent in younger females in China (P < 0.001). ConclusionsIn China, the predominant prevalent histological category of ECA is the usual type of adenocarcinoma, followed by iSMILE. Additionally, patients with HPVA tended to be younger than those with HPV-I.

A retrospective analysis of Vulva Carcinoma patients treated at a cancer center in Nepal in ten years

Introduction: &#x0D; Vulvar cancer is not an uncommon condition, accounting for 4-6% of all female genital tract cancers. More than ninety percent of cancers are squamous cell type. In this study, we have attempted to retrospectively analyze the socio-demographic profile of vulvar cancer patients managed at BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital.&#x0D; Material and methods:&#x0D; This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, that altogether included 77 patients from January 2009 to December 2019 diagnosed with vulvar cancer conducted at BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Nepal. All the demographic and clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Tumor staging was standardized according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Quantitative data were represented as mean and standard deviation whereas categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages of an appropriate denominator.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results:&#x0D; Among 77 patients, the median age was 55 years. Most were married (97.4%, n=75), farmers (53.2% n=41), smokers (45.45%, n=35), had poor personal hygiene (65.6%, n=50) and illitrate (61%, n=47). The most common presentation was ulcer or growth (88.31%, n=68). Inguinal lymph nodes were palpable in 80.5% (n=62) of patients, out of which 26% (n=20) had fixed and fungating lymph nodes. Most diagnosed clinical was stage III (40.25%, n=31), stage IV (27%, n=21), stage II (19.48%, n=15) and Stage I (13%, n =10). The most common histological grading was moderately differentiated SCC (50.6%, n=39). Management was surgical in 72.72% (n=56) and rest 27.27%(n=21) were sent for chemoradiation. The most common postoperative complications were lymphedema (27%, n= 15) and wound infections (12.5%, n=7). Recurrence observed in 28.57% (n=22) of cases.&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; Vulvar cancer is more common among smokers and farmers. The disease is already locally advanced at the time of diagnosis. However, surgery is the main modality of treatment.

SNHG3/hsa-miR-455-5p Axis-mediated High Expression of MTHFD2 Correlates with Tumor Immune Infiltration and Endometrial Carcinoma Progression.

Purpose: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three most common female genital tract cancers, and it contributes to the leading deaths of gynecologic cancer. MTHFD2 was reported up-regulated and associated with poor prognosis in many malignancies. However, its biological functions and mechanisms in EC are unclear. The present study aimed to identify the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of MTHFD2 in EC. Methods: The gene expression and information of patients used in this study were derived from TCGA, GEO and HPA databases. KM survival analysis was used to explore the clinical outcomes of EC patients and correlation analysis was applied to find the correction between MTHFD2 expression level and immune infiltration in EC. We used GO and GSEA analysis to explore the biological functions and mechanisms of MTHFD2. The CCK8 assay, the colony formation assay and the transwell migration assay were conducted to validate the function of MTHFD2 in EC cells. We applied STRING to find the protein that interacted with MTHFD2. Finally, ENCORI was used to explore the potential upstream regulation of MTHFD2 in EC and it was validated in EC cells. Results: In the present study, we found that MTHFD2 was up-regulated in EC and its high expression level was associated with patients' poor prognosis and adverse clinical parameters. MTHFD2 level was shown to be correlated with immune infiltration. Knockdown of MTHFD2 inhibited the malignant phenotype of HEC-1A and Ishikawa cells, including proliferation, colony formation and migration. Furthermore, we found the SNHG3/hsa-miR-455-5p axis as the potential upstream of MTHFD2. Conclusion: SNHG3/hsa-miR-455-5p axis-mediated high expression of MTHFD2, and the MTHFD2 expression level was associated with tumor immune infiltration and endometrial carcinoma progression. Knockdown of MTHFD2 significantly inhibited the malignant phenotype of EC cells. MTHFD2 may be a valuable predictive biomarker, and targeting MTHFD2 may be an effective way to improve the therapeutic effect in EC.

A STUDY OF VIA AND VILI AS A CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING METHOD

Introduction: As per globocan 2020, 604100 new cases of cervical cancer were detected worldwide in 2020, and 341831 deaths were there due to this malignancy. About 90% of these cases are found in low and middle-income countries. Cervical cancer is the only female genital tract cancer which can be diagnosed and treated in precancerous state by simple screening techniques. VIA/VILI are cheap and noninvasive methods and can be done in a low-level health facility. More importantly, VIA and VILI provide instant results, and those eligible for treatment of the precancerous lesions can be treated immediately. This retrospective study Material And Methods: was carried out in a Gynecology clinic in district Shivpuri M.P. From 1 April 2019 to 31 march 2022. 450 patients were studied. A detailed history regarding name, age, residence, socio-economic status, parity, any previous study, and any allergy was enquired. All ndings of VIA and VILI-positive cases were carefully documented in the proforma. In this study visual inspection of the cervix was done in 450 cases and 59 biopsy specimens were sent. In this study most of the patients were between 21-40 ye Results: ars of age (40%), multipara (74.88%), of low socioeconomic background (50.66%), and most of them were from rural areas (64%). The most common presenting symptom was excessive vaginal discharge (58.88%) followed by abnormal bleeding (13.11%). (13.11%) cases were VIA positive and (10.44%) cases were both VIA/VILI positive. Biopsy was taken from 59 patients who were VIA positive, this test detected 5.55% (25 patients) of CIN I, 2% (9 patients) of CIN II, 1.77% (8 patients) of CIN III, and 0.22% (1 patient) cases of squamous cell carcinoma. W Conclusion: e found that VIA and VILI can be adopted as screening tools for the diagnosis of cervical lesions. Result and follow-up treatment can be provided in a single sitting hence fewer women are lost to follow-up.

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards Pap smear testing among all women attending a tertiary care centre in Dakshina Kannada

Introduction: Cervical Cancer is the preventable cancer among all female genital tract cancers when detected in the premalignant stage. The increasing incidence could be attributed to lack of awareness regarding screening and paucity of organised screening facilities in the country. Early detection can be done by Pap smear (PS), which is an inexpensive procedure to look for cervical cytological changes.Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about Pap smear, to identify the barriers that impeded women in practicing it, to find out the association between socio-demographic characteristics and their KAP of Pap smear.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 women attending the gynaecology OPD in AJIMS, Mangalore from May 2022 to August 2022.Face to face interview was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude and Practice using a structured questionnaire.Results: Among all women who were interviewed, about 44% heard about Pap smear and 58% heard about cervical cancer. Only 8% of women had good knowledge about Pap smear, 33% of them had a positive attitude, and 13% of them practiced it. The main reason for having the Pap smear was the health provider’s advice.Conclusion: The majority of women had low knowledge of Pap smear, and a negative attitude. The study recommends strengthening of health education by health care providers and effective media to improve the level of awareness.

Palliative radiotherapy in cancers of female genital tract: Outcomes and prognostic factors.

Metastatic and incurable cancers of the gynaecological tract (FGTC) represent a major global health burden. Systemic treatment has modest efficacy and radiotherapy is often used for local symptoms. This study combines experience from two large UK centres in palliative radiotherapy for gynaecological cancers. Pooled data from two major centres was analysed. Advanced FGTC patients who received at least one fraction of palliative radiotherapy to the pelvis between 2013 and 2018 were included. Data collected included demographic and tumour details, radiotherapy dose fractionation and details of previous and subsequent treatment. Response was defined in terms of toxicity, symptomatic response and survival. Comorbidities were recorded using a modified ACE 27 score which is adjusted for the presence of uncontrolled FGTC in all the patients. A total of 184 patients were included for treatment response and toxicity; survival data was available for 165 patients. Subjective response in pre-radiotherapy symptoms was documented in 80.4%. Grade 3 or worse gastrointestinal, urinary and other (vomiting, fatigue, pain) toxicity incidence was 2.2%, 3.8%, and 2.7% respectively. No statistically significant correlation between the prescribed EQD210 and symptom control or toxicity was seen. 1year overall survival was 25.1% (median 5.9months). Absent distant metastases, completion of the intended course of radiotherapy, response to radiotherapy, and receipt of further lines of treatment were independent prognostic factors. Palliative radiotherapy is effective for symptoms of advanced FGTC with low toxicity. The absence of a dose response argues for short low dose palliative radiotherapy schedules to be used.

ANALYSIS OF GENITAL TRACT MALIGNANCIES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL FEMALES – A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY

Introduction: Female genital tract malignancy is common carcinoma. In the developed countries, ovarian cancer is the most common cancer and in developing countries, carcinoma cervix is the most common malignancy. Menopause does not cause cancer, but the risk of developing cancer increases as women ages. Therefore, women who have been through natural menopause are more likely to develop cancer because they are older. A woman who experiences menopause after age 55 has increased risk of ovarian, breast, and uterine cancers. The risk is greater if women also began menstruating before age 12. This is because a woman who menstruates longer than normal during her lifetime is exposed to more estrogen and has more ovulation. Hence, aims and objectives of our study are: (1) To determine the incidence of different genital malignancies in postmenopausal females and (2) to analyzes diagnosis and treatment of genital malignancies in postmenopausal females. Methods: 1. Data were collected using predesigned proforma; consent was taken from every participant, 2. After collection of data, it was tabulated. Statistical calculation and subsequent analysis was made has been presented in the form of Tables and graphs. Results: A total of 401 cases reported to the institute during a period of 1 year. Out of which, 107 patients were that of genital carcinoma. Incidence of female genital tract carcinoma was 26.68%. Approximately 73.87% (82 patients) of cases were that of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Hence, from above study, the most of the patients were diagnosed in advanced stage of malignancy. Carcinoma cervix was the most common female genital tract cancer with ovarian cancer taking the second rank. This is unfortunate as cancer cervix is preventable to a large extent as it takes a decade or more to progress from pre-invasive to invasive lesion, there are various screening modalities to diagnosed the cervix in pre-invasive age, that is, when it still curable.

PO-1348 Prognostic factors in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy for female genital tract cancer

PO-1348 Prognostic factors in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy for female genital tract cancer

Incidence and Trend of Type I and II Endometrial Cancer in Women from Two Population-Based European Cancer Registries (1998-2012).

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent female genital tract cancer in Europe. This cohort study aimed to determine age-standardised incidence rates and long-term trends of type I and II endometrial cancer in women from population-based cancer registries in the Region of Murcia (Spain) and the Bas-Rhin area (France). Data of new cases of endometrial cancer between 1998 and 2012 were obtained from the Murcia and Bas-Rhin cancer registries. In that period, 3756 cases of endometrial cancer were recorded, with 3270 corresponding to type I EC and 486 corresponding to type II EC. The Bas-Rhin area presented higher age-adjusted incidence rates than those in the Region of Murcia for both type I EC (24.2 and 19.3 cases/100,000 person-years (py), respectively) and type II EC (4.4 and 2.3 cases/100,000 py, respectively). Joinpoint regression showed no changes in trends. In both populations, there was an increasing trend for both EC types, but the trend was steeper in the Region of Murcia and larger overall for type II EC. Finally, a significant increase was observed in the annual trend of type II EC. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential risk factors, and continued efforts are needed to improve the recording and monitoring of EC types.

Clinicopathological study of epithelial neoplasms of ovary with special reference to the expression of P53 and Her2/neu in epithelial carcinoma

Ovarian cancer represents 30% of all cancers of female genital tract. An accurate histopathological diagnosis of ovarian tumours is essential for their management and the outcome of therapy.Clinicopathological study of ovarian epithelial neoplasms and to study the expression of p53 and Her2/neu in epithelial carcinoma of ovary and their association with the histological grade. An observational descriptive type of study in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. 72 cases diagnosed as ovarian epithelial neoplasms in the department of Pathology, CNMC&amp;H Kolkata during the study period of January, 2019 to December, 2020 were studied. Specimens were processed routinely. Immunohistochemistry was done following standard protocol.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version 21.0, Chicago inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) software. 57 cases were benign followed by 14 malignant and 1 borderline case. Majority of the tumours were serous type (71.4%) followed by mucinous (27.2%) and seromucinous (1.4%). P53 expression was noted in 50% of the epithelial ovarian carcinoma and 85.7% of the high grade serous carcinoma. Her2/neu expression was noted in 21.4% of epithelial ovarian carcinoma cases. p53 expression was more in serous carcinoma and the expression of p53 was associated with higher grade of serous carcinoma. Her2/neu expression was more in serous carcinoma. There was no significant association between Her2/neu expression and histological grade and a larger population based study is needed for further evaluation.

Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence.

Simple SummaryInfectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. In this review, we discuss how viruses and bacteria interact with each other in a number of biological steps that are linked to the cancer development. We focus on cancers arising from the oral cavity, stomach, intestine, liver, uterine cervix and mammary glands. The interactions may be direct, indirect or synergistic actions in known oncogenic pathways. We found the strength of existing evidence varied substantially from cancer to cancer. We identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.

Histopathological Study of Carcinoma Cervix through Reviewing of Female Genital Tract Cancer Cases of Pathology Archive, Benghazi University from (2002-2011)

Female genital tract (FGT) is the most common site for tumors in females. The most common type of (FGT) cancers is cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma. There are other less common tumor's including tumors of the vagina, vulva and fallopian tubes. Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. To determine the frequency of (FGT) malignancy found at the pathology archive of the Pathology Department at the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Benghazi between the years 2002-2011. Also to define the proportion of cervix cancer cases as compared with other (FGT) that were recorded in the archive. Moreover, to study the histopathological type of cervical cancer, the age groups and at which grades of differentiation are mostly determined. Retrospective histopathological analysis of (FGT) 330 cancer cases diagnosed between (2002-2011). During the reviewing of (FGT) cancer cases of pathology archive all cases of cervical cancer between 2002-2011 were collected and all formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of the patients with cervical cancer in that period were collected, and processed to stained slides. In an analysis of 330 FGT cancer cases registered in the pathology archive. (52%) were carcinoma of the endometrium and this was the commonest. This was followed by the carcinoma of the cervix (30.9%), ovarian tumors (13%), vaginal tumors (2%), fallopian tumors and vulva tumors (1%). The most common type of carcinoma cervix was squamous cell carcinoma (62%), adenocarcinoma was (31%) and the least common type was adenosquamous carcinoma (7%). The mean age of patients was 54.67 years. Most cases presented at the postmenopausal period (62.5%). Most cases were poorly differentiated (47.1%), followed by moderately differentiated (33.3%) and well-differentiated (17.6%).

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF OVARIAN TUMORS : 5 YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN A TERTIARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN ASSAM

Introduction : Ovarian tumor accounts for 30% of female genital tract cancers and comprises of large variety of neoplastic entities. Mortality rate has due to ovarian tumor has gradually increased. The present study was undertaken to study the frequency of various histomorphological spectrum, histological subtypes and age distribution pattern of ovarian tumors. Methods: Retrospective study was carried during period of 1st January 2015 to 31st st December 2019, 455 cases of ovarian neoplastic lesions were taken from the records of the department. Classication was done according to WHO classication. Results: Of the 455 cases, 332 cases (73%) were benign, 16 cases (3.5%) cases were borderline and 107 cases (23.5%) cases were malignant. Among the histological subtypes surface epithelial tumors are common comprised of 76.9% followed by germ cell tumors (19.6%). Serous cystadenoma (42.8%) was the most common benign tumor followed by mature cystic teratoma (16.5%). Among the malignant tumors, the most common was Serous cyst adenocarcinoma (11.9%) Tumors were seen over age range of 11-81 years. Maximum number of cases were in the 4th to 6th decade. Benign tumors were primarily seen in Younger age group , whereas malignant tumors were common in elderly age group. Conclusions: In our study we analysed all the spectrum of ovarian tumors diagnosed on the basis of histomorphology. Surface epithelial tumors were the commonest ovarian tumor. Maximum numbers of ovarian tumors were in the age range 40-59years and malignant tumors were common in age &gt;40 years

The complex relationship between infertility and female genital tract cancer: A review.

The link between female infertility and gynecological cancer has always been a debated and challenging topic. Although cervical cancer has the worst impact on female fertility, as it is usually diagnosed in patients of reproductive age, endometrial and ovarian cancer are also diagnosed and treated often in relatively younger patients in which fertility preservation is a relevant issue. The aim of this review is to highlight the correlation between therapy for female infertility and the developing cancer's risk and to describe the fertility sparing treatments in gynecological oncology. A systematic review of the literature through the main scientific search engines (PubMed and Google Scholar) was performed. We selected the most relevant articles based on the largest case series and the latest updates. All selected documents have been listed in the references. Fifty-six relevant articles published between 1996 and 2019 were identified.Results from the available evidence report no significant increased risk of endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer in patients having infertility treatments.In young patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer, preservation of fertility is a personalized choice depending on several factors (type, stage, age and desire to conceive, safety of the treatment, and feasibility of fertility sparing surgery). For ovarian cancer FIGO stage IA G1, IA G2 (grade), and IC G1; for endometrial adenocarcinoma grade 1 with no lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) or myometrial invasion and for early-stage cervical cancer (FIGO stage 2018: IA1-IB1), fertility sparing treatment is possible. The role of fertility sparing treatment with the increase of personalization of therapies therapy is always a theme of discussion and research. At present data regarding the risk of gynecological cancers after infertility treatments are reassuring. Careful evaluation of female fertility-sparing options in young women interested by ovarian, endometrial, or cervical tumors should be carried out involving a multidisciplinary team and ensuring safety and efficacy.

COLOPOSCOPY AND OFFICE HYSTEROSCOPY FOR CERVICAL ASSESSMENT FOR EVALUATION OF SUSPICIOUS CERVIX

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease once it reaches the invasive stages but out of all the female genital tract cancers. It is the only preventable cancer if detected in its early stages, and the disease is almost 100% curable with accurate screening and early detection. Objective: To evaluate efficacy of both office cervicoscopy and colposcopy directed biopsy in evaluation of clinically suspicious cervix. Patients and methods: Prospective cohort study on 200 patients with clinically suspicious cervix attending the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at the Hospital of Al-Azher Assiut University. Results: Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 91.1%. Office cervicoscopy showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 89.3%. Conclusions: Office cervicoscopy is more sensitive than stationary colposcopy for detection of cervical lesions in cases with suspicious cervix as an example of high risk group for cervical cancer. Its small caliber allows easy, simple and fast diagnostic out-patient evaluation of the cervix.

Office Cervicoscopy versus Colposcopy for Evaluation of Suspicious Cervix ‎in Assiut Governorate

Background: In developed countries, cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer between females. When it enters the invasive phase, but outside of all female genital tract cancers, cervical cancer is a deadly disease. If diagnosed in its early stages, it is the only preventable cancer, and the disease is almost 100% curable with accurate screening and early detection. The aim of the work: To determine the effectiveness of both office cervicoscopy and colposcopy-directed biopsy in the assessment of clinically suspicious cervix. Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study, held on 200 patients randomly selected used closed envelopes with clinically suspicious cervix attending the outpatient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Al-Azhar University Hospital [Assiut]. Results: In case of inflammatory cases, the sensitivity with the pathology results were 97.7%, and 98.1% for colposcopy and office cervicoscopy respectively and specificity were 84.3%, and 94.7% for colposcopy and office cervicoscopy respectively. In case of abnormal vasculature, the sensitivity with the pathology results were 33.3%, and 85% for colposcopy and officecervicoscopy respectively and specificity were 80%, and 94.4% for colposcopy and office cervicoscopy, respectively. Conclusion: Colposcopy and office cervicoscopy have the same sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cervical polyps. But, in case of inflammatory and abnormal vasculature, office cervicoscopy was more sensitive with higher specificity than colposcopy more over office cervicoscopy had a great benefit in the assessment of endocervical canal and uterine cavity so, office cervicoscopy and colposcopy are complementary to each other.

Bacterial, Archaea, and Viral Transcripts (BAVT) Expression in Gynecological Cancers and Correlation with Regulatory Regions of the Genome.

Simple SummaryMicroorganisms are found in all human tissues. Some of them are responsible for cancer formation. In our study we found gene expression from bacteria, archaea, and viruses in the upper female genital tract and this expression was associated with ovarian and endometrial cancer. We also found that the expression from these organisms may be involved in regulatory mechanisms of infection and cancer formation. Some of the processes associated with these organisms may affect cancer heterogeneity and be potential targets for cancer therapy.Bacteria, archaea, and viruses are associated with numerous human cancers. To date, microbiome variations in transcription have not been evaluated relative to upper female genital tract cancer risk. Our aim was to assess differences in bacterial, archaea, and viral transcript (BAVT) expression between different gynecological cancers and normal fallopian tubes. In this case-control study we performed RNA sequencing on 12 normal tubes, 112 serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) and 62 endometrioid endometrial cancers (EEC). We used the centrifuge algorithm to classify resultant transcripts into four indexes: bacterial, archaea, viral, and human genomes. We then compared BAVT expression from normal samples, HGSC and EEC. T-test was used for univariate comparisons (correcting for multiple comparison) and lasso for multivariate modelling. For validation we performed DNA sequencing of normal tubes in comparison to HGSC and EEC BAVTs in the TCGA database. Pathway analyses were carried out to evaluate the function of significant BAVTs. Our results show that BAVT expression levels vary between different gynecological cancers. Finally, we mapped some of these BAVTs to the human genome. Numerous map locations were close to regulatory genes and long non-coding RNAs based on the pathway enrichment analysis. BAVTs may affect gynecological cancer risk and may be part of potential targets for cancer therapy.

RETROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CARCINOMA ENDOMETRIUM – AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

Background: Carcinoma Endometrium is one of the most common cancers of women in developed countries and third most common cancer of female genital tract cancers in developing countries following carcinoma cervix and carcinoma ovary. Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological factors of patients with carcinoma endometrium. This study involves correlation of various factors such as age related distribution, risk factors associated, histopathological differentiation, common symptoms and the staging of the disease. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done in department of Radiotherapy, Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai involving patients with Carcinoma Endometrium treated during 2013 to 2017. Results: Majority of the patients belong to 41 – 50 yrs of age group (i.e) 4th decade followed by 3rd decade. All of them were in good performance status with ECOG score 1-2. The cancer was almost equal in both premenopausal age group (44%) and postmenopausal age group (50%) respectively. The predominant histopathology noted was endometrioid carcinoma( 91%.). Conclusion: Most of the patients were in stage III followed by stage II. Early detection of patients with carcinoma endometrium with effective screening methods play a vital role in increasing disease free survival, progression free survival and overall survival.

Is Endometrial Cancer Associated with Neurophobia? A Case Report

Endometrial cancer is considered “neurophobic” since brain metastases from female genital tract cancers are rare and usually develop as part of a widespread disseminated disease. We hereby report a case of brain metastasis in a young woman within a span of 8 months from the diagnosis of primary uterine cancer. A 38-year-old P3L3 was diagnosed with stage 2 endometrial carcinoma and was taken up for modified radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Final histopathology reported grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma involving cervix and invading more than 50% of the myometrium. Lymphovascular invasion was positive. All the lymph nodes (14) showed reactive changes with no metastatic deposit. Patient was advised adjuvant radiotherapy on discharge. Patient came after 8 months with no history of receiving any adjuvant treatment with chief complaints of headache and blurring of vision for 2 months and 3 episodes of seizures. Computed tomography of brain reported well-defined heterogeneous, hyperdense lesion with peripheral enhancement in right cerebellar hemisphere causing mass effect, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalous. Suboccipital craniotomy with excision of right cerebellar lesion was done, and patient was planned for radiotherapy This is to emphasise that brain imaging studies may be considered in the routine follow-up of patients with primary endometrial carcinoma. It is also suggested that the search for a primary source in females with brain metastases of unknown primary should include endometrial biopsy.