Abnormalities Of Female Genital Tract Research Articles

Use of Diode Laser in Hysteroscopy for the Management of Intrauterine Pathology: A Systematic Review

Background: Hysteroscopy currently represents the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathologies. Recent technological progress has enabled the integration of diagnostic and operative time, leading to the “see and treat” approach. Diode laser technology is emerging as one of the most innovative and intriguing techniques in this context. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on the main databases. Only original studies reporting the treatment of intrauterine pathologies using diode laser were deemed eligible for inclusion in this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023485452). Results: Eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis for a total of 474 patients undergoing laser hysteroscopic surgery. Eighty-three patients had female genital tract abnormalities, 63 had submucosal leiomyomas, 327 had endometrial polyps, and one patient had a scar pregnancy. Except for leiomyomas, whose technique already included two surgical times at the beginning, only seven patients required a second surgical step. Cumulative rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications of 2.7% and 0.6%, respectively, were reported. Conclusions: Diode laser through “see and treat” hysteroscopy appears to be a safe and effective method. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes and improved designs are needed to consolidate the evidence currently available in the literature.

Possibilities of application of regenerative technologies in gynecology

The article presents a review of publications devoted to the use of regenerative technologies in the treatment of gynecological pathologies. The authors describe possible ways to solve these problems by analyzing the experimental studies conducted in the world. Identified the main indications for tissue engineering: Ashermans syndrome, primary ovarian failure, infertility caused by chemotherapy, a niche in the uterus, endometrial pathology (endometriosis, endometrial problems, etc.), cervical pathology, female genital tract abnormalities, pelvic organ prolapse. The results of clinical trials of cell therapy aimed at treating infertility caused by Asherman syndrome and primary ovarian failure, female genital tract abnormalities, as well as such rare pathology as a niche of the uterus. At the preclinical stage, in addition to the above, considered cellular therapy of cervical pathologies, endometrial diseases and pelvic organ prolapse. Eximined cell cultures and the level of their influence on the regeneration of the female reproductive system structures, presented the biological scaffolds that stimulate the growth of stem cells, their effectiveness and shortcomings are covered.

Genital Tract Morphopathology of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf Does in Makurdi

This study was conducted with the aim to record pathological conditions of the female genital tract of Red Sokoto (RS) and West African Dwarf (WAD) does with the objective of comparing the prevalence of genital tract pathology between the two breeds. Of the 211 (RS) and 221 (WAD) genital tract collected and examined, 104 (49.3%) of RS and 97 (43.3%) of WAD showed different types of pathological conditions. Highest occurrence of pathological conditions found in RS was in the uterus (38.4%), followed by those in the ovary (30.8%), cervix (6.6%), salpinx (6.2%) and vagina (1.4%) while in WAD, pathological conditions were highest in the uterus (28.1%), and followed by ovary (26.8%), salpinx (5.0%), cervix (2.2%) and vagina (0.5%). In RS and WAD does, respectively, endometritis (11.9% and 7.1%) was the most common pathology followed by ovaro-bursal adhesion (10.4% and 5.4%), inactive ovaries (4.3% and 4.9%), cystic Graffian follicles (4.2% and 2.2%), paraovarian cyst (3.3% and 3.1%), uterine haemorrhage (3.8% and 2.7%), and ovarian hypoplasia (2.4% and 4.5%). Other pathological conditions found in RS and WAD does include cervical lesions: cervicitis (2.8% and 1.8%), haemorrhage (3.2% and 0.5%); uterine lesions: hydrometra (1.9% and 1.3%), pyometra (2.8% and 1.8%), mucometra (2.8% and 3.6%), metritis (2.4% and 1.3%), post parturient metritis (2.8% and 1.8%), caruncular atrophy (1.4% and 0.5%), endometrial hyperplasia (1.0% and 1.8%), melanosis (1.9% and 1.8%), post parturient emphysematous metritis (1.4% and 2.2%), perimetritis (1.4% and 2.2%), uterine congestion (1.9% and 2.2%), oedema (1.0% and 0.5%) and Cysticercus tenuicolis cyst (0.5% and 0.5%); esophageal lesions: salpingitis (1.9% and 3.1%), hydrosalpinx (1.0% and 0.5%), tubo-bursal cyst (3.3% and 0.9%), ovarian lesions: cystic corpora lutea (2.8% and 1.8%), oophoritis (0.5% and 1.8%), and Cysticercus tenuicolis cyst (1.0% and 0.9%). Hyperaemia (0.5%) and calcification of cervical caudal rugae (0.5%) occurred in RS only. Genital lesions were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between RS and WAD does. In the two breeds, the 13 - 24 months age group had high prevalence of genital lesions. The current study has shown that endometritis and ovaro-bursal adhesions are the common female genital tract pathological conditions in Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf does. The high prevalence of female genital tract abnormalities may suggest that genital diseases are of serious limitation to goat production in Makurdi.

Molecular analysis of the GATA3 gene in five Japanese patients with HDR syndrome

GATA3 is a member of the GATA family of transcription factors. Heterozygous GATA3 abnormalities are associated with hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal abnormality (HDR syndrome). However, this triad of symptoms does not occur in all HDR patients and other clinical features may be present in some cases. We report the clinical phenotypes and the molecular analysis of GATA3 in five Japanese HDR patients, including two familial cases. All five patients had hypoparathyroidism and sensorineural deafness, however renal abnormalities were absent in four patients. In addition, two patients with different mutations of GATA3 had female genital tract abnormalities. Sequence analysis of GATA3 demonstrated three novel (R262G, c1063delC and C318) and two reported mutations (c.432insG and c.1051-1G>T). Transient transfection assay using the GATA3 activating reporter system revealed that the transactivating activity of the R262G, c.1063delC, C318S and c.432insG mutants were markedly decreased, indicating that all four mutations are loss-of-function. In conclusion, this study reiterates the clinical variability in HDR syndrome and identifies three novel mutations of GATA3.

Female genital tract abnormalities of Zebu cattle slaughtered at Bahir-Dar Town, north-west Ethiopia

A study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of abnormalities occurring in the female reproductive tracts of 201 Zebu cattle of Fogera type (161 cows and 40 heifers) slaughtered at Bahir-Dar town, north-west Ethiopia. Out of the 201 female genital tracts collected and examined, abnormalities were recorded in 74 (36.8%). The most common abnormalities encountered were ovariobursal adhesion (5.5%), endometritis (3.9%) and cystic ovaries (3.5%). Other abnormalities recorded were ovarian hypoplasia, vaginitis, cervicitis, tortuous cervical canal, mucometra, vaginal cyst, parovarian cyst, hypoplastic cervical rings, cervical cyst, freemartins, closed external cervical os, uterine and oviducts adhesion, cystic uterine tube, remnant of retained fetal membrane and cyst in the uterine wall. The prevalence of the abnormalities was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in parous than in nulliparous cows. Moreover, evidence of ovarian cyclicity was found in 51.6% and 30% of non-pregnant parous and nulliparous cows examined, respectively. This study revealed that reproductive tract abnormalities seem to be an important problem with possible subsequent infertility in Fogera-type Zebu cows in the study area.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome Presenting as an Inguinal Mass and Hernia in the Female Patient

In Brief Objectives: Complete mullerian agenesis is the second most common condition usually diagnosed during a work-up for primary amenorrhea. A detailed gynecologic history and pelvic examination are the foundations for establishing the diagnosis. Methods: An 18-year-old nulligravida presented to the General Surgery Service complaining of right-sided lower abdominal pain. Upon dissection of the right inguinal canal, it was noted that the hernia sac contained the right ovary and fallopian tube. An intraoperative consult to the Gynecology Service was obtained. The hernia was reduced and the ovary returned to the pelvis. Pelvic examination under anesthesia revealed a severely shortened vagina. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed revealing complete mullerian agenesis. Postoperative evaluation included a normal karyotype and normal intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Results: The differential diagnosis of inguinal masses in women should include mullerian tract abnormalities. Conclusions: Complete mullerian agenesis is an uncommon gynecologic condition, occurring in one out of every 4000 female births.1 This condition is usually discovered during a work-up for primary amenorrhea and is the etiology of 15% of cases of primary amenorrhea.2,3 The likelihood of diagnosis is enhanced after careful examination reveals a shortened vaginal canal absent the cervix and uterus.4 Inguinal hernias are not uncommon in women. Usually they are a consequence of congenital abnormality in the abdominal wall, which leads to formation of a hernia sac containing subcutaneous tissue and small bowel. When inguinal hernias contain ovarian and fallopian tissue, there are often associated female genital tract abnormalities.5 Consider mullerian tract abnormality in the differential diagnosis of inguinal mass in women.

Epidemiologic Evidence for Adverse Effects of DES Exposure during Pregnancy

Abstract This report summarizes the evidence regarding adverse effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) administration during pregnancy. From the association in 1969 of in utero DES exposure with subsequent increased risk of vaginal cancer in young women, the report includes the state of evidence regarding in utero DES exposure with other female genital tract abnormalities, with male genital tract abnormalities, with subsequent adverse reproductive experiences, and, among the exposed mothers, with increased risk of breast and other gynecologic cancers.

Congenital Abnormalities of Female Genital Tract

Objective: To observe the congenital abnormalities of female genital tract those are found in our population and their clinical implication. &#x0D; Place of study: Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur. &#x0D; Study period: January 2001 to December 2005. &#x0D; Methods and Materials: During the study period all cases of congenital abnormalities of female genital tract diagnosed in Faridpur Medical College Hospital were studied. &#x0D; Results: Total 74 women with different types of congenital abnormalities were detected. Though some cases were diagnosed incidentally, the various symptoms they produced were primary amenorrhea, apareunia, dyspareunia, hematocolpos and hematometra, infertility, prolapse uterus, abortions, ectopic pregnancy, premature labour and malpresentations. Among the 74 patients 35(47.3%) patients were treated at this centre, 24(32.4%) patients needed no treatment, 3(4%) patients were referred to higher centres for specialized treatment. &#x0D; Conclusion: Different types of congenital abnormalities of female genital tract are found in our population which cause various symptoms and complications. Though not all abnormalities need treatment and some need very simple treatment, there are some cases which need specialized treatment and expertise. &#x0D; (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 23-28)