Female Feticide In India Research Articles

SELECTIVE SEX ABORTION - A REAL WAR AGAINST WOMEN

Carl Sandburg is credited with the idea that everyone in the world should continue to see each newborn child as a gift from God. In a patriarchal society, female feticide is the deliberate killing of female fetuses. The slaughter of female fetuses’ is referred to by this word. Women face prejudice in all countries where men rule, and it is unlawful for women to bear children in some of these societies. It was previously difficult to detect the direction of the embryo while it was still in the mother's womb. If the newborn girl turned out to be a girl, she would be given opium-laced milk before being put to sleep. This procedure is no longer employed since contemporary technology has advanced to the point where it can replace it. Female feticide is primarily caused by the prevalence of female genital mutilation, while other factors will be discussed in greater depth later in the paper. Dowries are the responsibility of the women whose daughters are marrying. Daughters are viewed as a social and economic burden, in contrast to men, who are expected to perform rituals for the souls of their deceased parents and grandparents while also providing stability for their family as they age. Sons are said to be capable of performing rituals for their departed parents and ancestors. Although abortion is legal in India, it is illegal to terminate a woman's pregnancy only because the fetus she is carrying is female. Lawbreakers are liable to harsh penalties. The laws are strictly enforced. Nonetheless, a growing number of illegal actions continue to be committed in defiance of these rules. This essay will look into the socio-legal quandary created by the widespread practice of female feticide in India, as well as the consequences of women's exclusion from Indian society

Attitude towards girl’s feticide among early adulthood and middle age respondents

The phenomenon of female feticide in India is not new, where female embryos or fetuses are selectively eliminated after pre-natal sex determination, thus eliminating girl child even before they are born. In Indian society, female feticide has emerged as a burning social problem during the last few years. The present study aims to assess the attitude of both male and female adolescents towards girls’ feticide their early adulthood and middle age. For this from Jhansi city, 100 respondents, 50 of early adulthood stage (25 male, 25 female) and 50 of middle adulthood stage (25 male, 25 female) randomly selected. A structured interview schedule was prepared containing 30 questions to measure the awareness among male and female regarding the female feticide. Results revealed that equal per cent of respondents were in the age group 18-40 years and 40-60 years. Maximum per cent of respondents (97%) were Hindu followed by 3% respondents Muslim. In early adulthood and middle age group majority of male and female respondents (92 and 90%) strongly agreed to favorable comments on girl feticide, while for unfavorable comments lesat number of respondents of both sex were in strongly unfavorable category. Attitude of male and female respondents against favorable comments indicated association between sex and attitude in early adulthood i.e. χ 2 =2.2 but in middle age no association was found (χ 2 =36). On the other hand attitude against unfavorable comments indicated association between sex and attitude in both early adulthood (χ 2 =0.156) and middle age (χ 2 =0.581). Majority of the Hindu respondents both in early adulthood and middle age group strongly agreed to favourable comments on girl feticide. Regarding religion, attitude of Hindu and Muslim against favorable and unfavorable comments indicated association between religion and attitude in both early adulthood and middle age. Results revealed that both sex and religion have association with attitude regarding girl feticide.

Stopping female feticide in India: the failure and unintended consequence of ultrasound restriction.

Stopping female feticide in India: the failure and unintended consequence of ultrasound restriction.

Association of socioeconomic status with sex ratio at live birth in individuals living in the slums of Sholapur city, India

Background: The existence of female feticide in India is well known. However, limited data are available on the association of socioeconomic status (SES) on sex ratio at live birth in disadvantaged populations, despite the fact that 33% of the population of India live on less than $1.25 per day. Objective: To study the association of SES with sex ratio at live birth in individuals living in the slums of Sholapur city, India. Materials and Methods: We used the data collected as a part of a social work intervention in the slums of Sholapur city, Maharashtra, from January 2007 to August 2011. Two measures of SES were used, location of birth (government hospital compared to private hospital) and eligibility for means-tested financial support after delivery. Results: Data were available for 1391 infants. The infants born in government hospitals were more likely to be male compared to those born in private hospitals (sex ratio of 1.45 compared to 1.14, respectively, p = 0.03). Similarly, infants whose parents were eligible for post-delivery financial support had a trend to a higher sex ratio (1.47 compared to 1.18, p = 0.057). Maternal age was independently and inversely associated with sex ratio at live birth with a linear relation (OR per year increase in maternal age 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–1.00, p = 0.03). Conclusion: In this particular population, two measures of less affluent SES were associated with higher sex ratio at live birth. However, care should be taken while generalizing these observations to other disadvantaged groups living in India, but this represents an area of research where more epidemiological work is required, as these differences perpetuated over generations may have substantial demographic consequences.

Collective Unconscious Mental State and Female Feticide in India

Normally every human behavior is linked to the individual mental state but some behaviors that involve large number of people can be explained with Collective mental State. This collective mental state is constructed on the basis of long historical experiences, so it is usually unconscious. Collective Unconscious is a concept given by Carl Jung. It refers to the retaining of ancestral experiences at unconscious which are transferred from one generation to other generation in a long course of life. Jung stated that it ranges from retaining passive record of historical experiences i.e. passive Repository the actual practical emergence in ground reality i.e. Active Substratum. The female feticide occurring at mass level in India seems to be a reflection of Substratum state of collective unconscious. It means the historical experiences that are retained in collective unconscious at passive repository unconscious state has acquired the active substratum state of collective unconscious. These experiences are specifically related to the invasions people experienced during medieval period. This link is strengthen when the female sex ratio in India is observed state wise. Female feticide is highest in North-West states and lowest in Southern states. It means that the active substratum state of collective unconscious is the strongest causative factor of female feticide in India.

Violation of Right to Live: The Curse of Female Feticide in India

Violation of Right to Live: The Curse of Female Feticide in India

Female feticide in India: A social evil

Objective To study the level of awareness of pregnant women regarding sex determination, its implication and an assessment of the attitude of pregnant women towards female feticide.

Female feticide in India: Issues and concerns

The preference for a son continues to be a prevalent norm in the traditional Indian household. This is evident from the declining sex ratio which has dropped to alarming levels, especially in the northern states according to Census 2001 reports. The proliferation and abuse of advanced technologies coupled with social factors contributing to the low status of women such as dowry, concerns with family name and looking up to the son as a breadwinner has made the evil practice of female feticide to become common in the middle and higher socioeconomic households, especially in the northern states. Despite the existence of the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act, there is a dire need to strengthen this law since the number of convictions is despairingly low as compared to the burden posed by this crime. Moreover, it is necessary to gear efforts against the cultural, economic and religious roots of this social malady by woman empowerment and intensive Information, Education and Communication campaigns. The medical colleges and professional bodies have a vital role to play by sensitizing medical students who are the doctors of tomorrow.

Should one be free to choose the sex of one's child?

ABSTRACT Tests which predict the sex of a fetus have led to female feticide in India, and hence to demands that such tests be banned. This paper examines the arguments for banning such tests. These will depend partly on one's views regarding the morality of feticide: different views are discussed. However the morality of feticide is not the only relevant consideration, especially since it may become possible to choose the sex of the child at conception. Whether or not parents have the right to freedom of choice and information is analysed. Many non‐western societies have special problems since the strong preference for boys may lead to the neglect of female children and to female infanticide. In heavily populated countries like India and China the need to control population growth is an additional complication. The paper concludes that in these societies the case for banning tests is weak.