Female Black Bengal Goats Research Articles

Study on effect of feeding Moringa oleifera leaf powder on weight gain of growing female black Bengal goat under intensive system of management

Study on effect of feeding Moringa oleifera leaf powder on weight gain of growing female black Bengal goat under intensive system of management

Measure the Serum Biochemical Profiles (Glucose, Protein, Cholesterol) of Female Black Bengal Goats during Growing and Pregnancy Period

Measure the Serum Biochemical Profiles (Glucose, Protein, Cholesterol) of Female Black Bengal Goats during Growing and Pregnancy Period

Estimate the Serum Trace Minerals of Female Black Bengal Goats at Different Stages

Estimate the Serum Trace Minerals of Female Black Bengal Goats at Different Stages

Biometric identification of Black Bengal goat: unique iris pattern matching system vs deep learning approach.

Iris pattern recognition system is well developed and practiced in human, however, there is a scarcity of information on application of iris recognition system in animals at the field conditions where the major challenge is to capture a high-quality iris image from a constantly moving non-cooperative animal even when restrained properly. The aim of the study was to validate and identify Black Bengal goat biometrically to improve animal management in its traceability system. Forty-nine healthy, disease free, 3 months±6 days old female Black Bengal goats were randomly selected at the farmer's field. Eye images were captured from the left eye of an individual goat at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age using a specialized camera made for human iris scanning. iGoat software was used for matching the same individual goats at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of ages. Resnet152V2 deep learning algorithm was further applied on same image sets to predict matching percentages using only captured eye images without extracting their iris features. The matching threshold computed within and between goats was 55%. The accuracies of template matching of goats at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of ages were recorded as 81.63%, 90.24%, 44.44%, and 16.66%, respectively. As the accuracies of matching the goats at 9 and 12 months of ages were low and below the minimum threshold matching percentage, this process of iris pattern matching was not acceptable. The validation accuracies of resnet152V2 deep learning model were found 82.49%, 92.68%, 77.17%, and 87.76% for identification of goat at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of ages, respectively after training the model. This study strongly supported that deep learning method using eye images could be used as a signature for biometric identification of an individual goat.

Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats at Keraniganj Upazila of Dhaka district, Bangladesh

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats registered at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Keraniganj, Dhaka. Between 1st June and 10th August, 2021, a total of 255 PPR cases were recorded irrespective of age, sex, and breed. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of PPR in goats was 14.90%. In Black Bengal goats, the prevalence of PPR in different age groups, i.e., up to 6 months, 7-12 months, 13-19 months, and more than 19 months was 18.07%, 20%, 11.11%, and 10%, respectively. Female Black Bengal goats (21.15%) were infected more than males (8.7%). In case of Jamunapari goats, the prevalence of PPR was 11.11%, 13.64%, 37.50%, and 0%, respectively, in the age groups of up to 6 months, 7-12 months, 13-19 months, and more than 19 months. Similarly, female Jamunapari goats (13.95%) had a higher infection rate than males (12.5%). Overall, PPR was found to be more prevalent in Black Bengal goats (15.31%) than in Jamunapari goats (13.56%). Unvaccinated or nonimmunized goats had a higher prevalence (19.15%) than vaccinated or immunized goats (2.99%). The findings suggest that age, sex, and breed all have an impact on PPR in goats in the study area.

Motion-Mode Echocardiographic Measurement of Cardiac Dimensions in Goats and Sheep

Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac dimensions is a prerequisite for research and clinical studies of cardiac diseases. These echocardiographic values are not available in Black Bengal goats and Muzaffarnagari sheep. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the reference motion (M)-mode echocardiographic values and investigate the species-specific differences between them. M-mode echocardiographic examination was performed in clinically healthy adult non-pregnant female Black Bengal goats (n = 20) and Muzaffarnagari sheep (n = 20). Mitral valve (MV), left ventricular (LV), left atrial and aortic dimensions were measured, and parameters for systolic function were calculated. Among MV measurements, significantly (p < 0.01) higher mean velocity of early diastolic opening and mitral valve excursion amplitude was seen in Muzaffarnagari sheep as compared to Black Bengal goats. Among LV dimensions, significantly (p < 0.001) higher interventricular septal thickness at peak systole, LV internal diameter at end diastole, LV posterior wall thickness at peak systole, LV internal volume at end diastole, relative wall thickness at peak systole, mean wall thickness at end diastole, mean wall thickness at peak systole and LV mass were seen in Muzaffarnagari sheep as compared to Black Bengal goats. Established echocardiographic values in these species may be used as a reference for physiological and cardiovascular studies in future.

Abattoir study of genital diseases of female Black Bengal goats

Pathological investigation of genital diseases in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) was done using slaughterhouse materials. A total of 256 female genitalia were collected from slaughterhouses of Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh during October 2016 to December 2018. The gross pathological changes were recorded and tissues from the affected organs were collected for histopathology. A total of 56 (21.9%) female genitalia showed one or more of the 84 different pathological changes. The prevalence of reproductive diseases increased with age: the highest number of lesions (34) was recorded in animals aged 19-24 months. The uterus showed the highest number of pathological lesions (44) followed by ovary (31), fallopian tube (5), cervix (2) and vagina (2). Major pathological changes were luteal cyst (7.4%), endometritis (6.3%) and pyometra (7.0%). The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 8-19

Alterations in plasma sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) during different days of pre-pubertal male and female black Bengal kids

ABSTRACT Blood samples (5 mL/animal) were collected from male (n = 50) and female (n = 50) black Bengal goat kids to evaluate the alterations in plasma Na, K, Ca and Fe during pre-pubertal growth phase. The plasma sodium concentration significantly (P < 0.01) decreased with the advancement of age in both male and female kids. Plasma K did not differ significantly between age group and sex. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in plasma calcium level. There was no significant alteration in iron levels during different days of pre-pubertal period in the kids of both sexes. Baseline data of plasma Na, K, Ca and Fe levels in black Bengal kids of either sexes during different days of pre-pubertal growth stage generated in this study will be required to calculate mineral requirements in goats during growth phase. It can be recommended that during ration formulation for goat kids in early growth stage, mineral levels do not need to be adjusted based on sex, as sex had no influence over the above said minerals. In addition, the net Ca requirements for growth increase and Na requirements decrease as the animals grow.

Influence of concentrate supplementation on production and reproduction performance of female Black Bengal goat

A total sixteen female Black Bengal goats (BBG) considering average live weight were randomly divided into four equal treatments to study the effect of different level of concentrates supplementation on production and reproduction performance of BBG. The animals were assigned to adlibitum green grass and supplemented with different levels of concentrates at 150, 200, 250 and 300 g respectively. Live weight gain, Dry matter (DM) intake, Crude protein (CP) intake were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with concentrate supplementation. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein conversion ratio (PCR) were not significant on level of concentrate. The value of services per conception, birth weight of kids and growth rate of kids showed a positive effect on level of concentrate supplementation but not significant. Average daily milk yield of doe were increased significantly (p less than 0.01). Supplementation of concentrate mixture with 300 gm could be beneficial for BBG in Bangladesh condition.

A study on prevalence of peste des petits ruminant (PPR) in goat at Bagmara upazilla at Rajshahi district in Bangladesh

A study was conducted at Bagmara upazilla under the district of Rajshahi in Bangladesh during the period of 2 month from 20 September 2015 to 14 November 2015 to determine the prevalence of PPR in goat. A total of 72 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex and breed over the study period. In the present study the overall prevalence of PPR in goat was 27.78%. In black Bengal goat, the prevalence of PPR in different age group i.e. up to 6 month, 7-12 month, 13-19 month, above 19 month were 18.18%, 42.30%, 22.22% and 12.50%, respectively. Over all, female black bengal goat (46.42%) was more infected than male (12.00%). The prevalence of PPR in different age group i.e. 7-12 month, 13-19 month were 42.85% and 25.00%, respectively; and males (16.66%) and female (23.07%) of Jamunapari goat were recorder. In general, black bengal goats have the higher prevalence (30.18%) than Jamunapari goat (21.05%). The nonimmunized goat showed higher prevalence (38.77%) than immunized (4.34%) goat. All data were analyzed by using ?2 tests with P value at (P&lt;0.05) level of significance.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 339-344, August 2016

Effect of Area Specific Mineral Supplementation on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Female Black Bengal Goats

To find out the effect of area specific mineral supplementation (ASMS), 24 female Black Bengal goatling were divided into four groups (Gr.I, II, III and IV) which were supplemented with 0, 1, 2% deficient minerals and 2% commercial mineral mixture, respectively. Body weight (BW) was recorded in specific time span. Study revealed that final body weight as well as average daily gain (ADG) in three months significantly (P < 0.05) differed from control and treatment group. Among treatment groups, better body weight gain was observed in higher mineral supplemented group but was not significant. But, interestingly, the overall body condition score (BCS) differed significantly (P < 0.05) between control and treatment as well as within treatment group. Age at maturity of control and treatment groups were 222.50 +- 5.74,207.50 +- 8.92, 187.50 +- 5.12 and 192.50 +- 6.29 days, respectively and the difference was significantly varied. Mean oestrogen and progesterone level was marginally high in mineral supplemented group than control group.

Effect of Area Specific Mineral Supplementation on Biochemical Profile in Female Black Bengal Goats

To discern the effect of area specific mineral supplementation (ASMS), on some plasma parameters viz. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), alpha amino nitrogen (AAN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), the intensive study was conducted on 24 female Black Bengal goats at around of 4–5 months of age. The animals were divided into four groups viz. Group I (control), II, III supplemented with 0, 1 and 2% area specific mineral supplementation, respectively. Whereas, in another group (Group-IV), commercial mineral mixture fortified concentrate was given. Blood samples were collected at monthly interval and estimated five prime plasma parameters. Present study revealed that plasma glucose concentration was in normal range and differed significantly (P < 0.05) in groups. Highest plasma glucose concentration was observed in group IV and lowest in control group. Whereas, NEFA differed significantly in different groups. Plasma AAN level was higher in Group IV followed in Group III, II and I respectively. AAN did not differ significantly in groups. Plasma ALT and AST level differed significantly but highest Plasma ALT and AST level observed in Group II. Present study revealed that ASMS improved plasma biochemical profile in Black Bengal goats.

Development and survivability of ovarian follicles of goat in different feeding systems

The present study was aimed to know the effects of feeding systems on follicular development in Black Bengal goats. Nine female post-weaned Black Bengal goats were randomly assigned to 3 feeding systems namely stall feeding, tethering and grazing. After 240 days of rearing, goats were slaughtered and ovaries were collected for morphometric analysis. Histological examination revealed that the percentages of secondary (p&lt;0.01) and antral follicles (p&lt;0.05) were higher in stall-fed than tethering and grazing goats. Percentage of primordial follicles (61±2%) was lower in stall-fed goats and higher in tethering (71±3%) goats. Number of degenerated follicles was higher in tethering goats and lower in stall-fed groups. These results reveal that development and degeneration of ovarian follicles are influenced by feeding systems of goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21644 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 175-179

Plasma micronutrients status and gonadotrophin hormone profiles during peripubertal period in female Black Bengal goat

The aim of the study was to address the micronutrients’ status and hormonal profiles and their relationships during the sexual maturity in Indian prolific Black Bengal goats. Female Black Bengal kids (12) were selected at day 1 of age and subjected to the weekly blood samplings from the day 1 age up to 8 weeks post puberty. Live body weight was recorded weekly. The occurrence of estrus was checked by a teaser buck, followed by transrectal ultrasonographic (USG) examination on 10th day post puberty. Plasma samples harvested from the blood samples were assayed for progesterone to detect luteal function and confirm the timing of puberty onset. The female Black Bengal goats attained puberty at an average age of 25.47±3.84 weeks with a mean body weight of 7.93±0.87 kg. The plasma samples were further utilized for estimating zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Plasma Zn, Fe and FSH levels increased during the months preceding puberty onset. Plasma Cu and Mn levels remained higher during the month of puberty. The significant correlations of body weight with plasma FSH, LH, Cu, Zn and Mn levels and between micronutrients and gonadotrophin hormones before puberty onset might have important functions of micronutrients and gonadotrophin hormones for bringing about puberty onset in prolific Black Bengal goats.

Effect of different levels of dietary energy on growth and carcass traits of Black Bengal goat

The present study was aimed to know the effect of dietary energy levels on growth and carcass characteristics in Black Bengal goats. Nine female Black Bengal goats were divided into three groups having three goats in each group. Three iso-nitrogenous diets containing three levels of metabolizable energy (9.17, 10.40 and 11.63 MJ/kg DM) were randomly assigned to three groups. Goats were stall fed and slaughtered after 150 days of trial. Results showed that live weight gain was higher (28.3 ± 1.7 g/day) in high energy fed goats than others. There were no significant differences on total and daily average dry matter intake in different groups of goats. Body length was significantly higher in high energy fed group than others. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were also higher (p&lt;0.05) in high energy fed goats. Caul fat and gut fill weight differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) among the treatment groups, and higher caul fat and lower gut fill were obtained in high energy fed goats than others. In conclusion, high energy diet enhanced the growth, dressing percentage and carcass gain of female goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20719 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 159-165

Environmentally persistant toxicant arsenic affects uterus grossly and histologically

The experiment was carried out to determine the gross and microscopic effects of arsenic on uterus of female Black Bengal Goats against control group in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. A total of twelve mature female Black Bengal goats were studied, six from arsenic affected areas of Mymensingh district and theother six from Hill Tracts of Bangaldesh which are arsenic free. Gross parameters show slight variations in the morphology (color and shape) and biometry (size and weight) of uterus of arsenic affected Black Bengal goats, but this variation was statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). For microscopic study, permanent slide was prepared by Mayer’s Hematoxylin and Eosin stain method. In microscopic level, there were significant variations in arsenic affected group of goats compared to the control group. Arsenic affected group of goats show thickening of uterine horn (p&lt;0.01), uterine gland is lower in amount and diameter(p&lt;0.01), cervical villi length was smaller (p&lt;0.01), cervical wall thickness was higher (p&lt;0.01). This work may be the tip of the iceberg representing the full extent of arsenic exposure to female genital tract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.13175 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 61-68

Study the Live Weight and Live Weight Gain of Black Bengal and Jamunapari Goat Breeds by Fitting the Linear Regression under Semi-intensive Conditions

The present study was conducted to know the live weight gain of goats under semi-intensive conditions of Chittagong district of Bangladesh during the period of July, 2012 to January, 2013. Data were collected from 72 black Bengal and 32 Jamunapari goats and the kids birth weight and their subsequent live weight at weekly intervals up to age and weight of weaning at sexual maturity was recorded. The weight gains from birth to sexual maturity of two different breeds under 2 different farms were studied. Average birth weight of male and female black Bengal goats kids were 1.22 +/- 0.15, 1.01 +/- 0.14, 1.42 +/- 0.10 and 1.12 +/- 0.27 kg, respectively for farm 1 and 2. For Jamunapari goat's kid birth weight were 1.51 +/- 0.07 and 1.42 +/- 0.09 kg, for male and females, respectively in the farm 2. The average weaning age was 4 months and the average weaning weight of male and female black Bengal goats were 5.19 +/- 0.358, 5.05 +/- 0.28, 5.63 +/- 0.61 and 5.54 +/- 0.41 kg, in the farm 1 and 2, respectively. However, the average weaning weight of male and female Jamunapari was 6.59 +/- 0.69 and 6.79 +/- 0.31 kg, respectively in farm 2 which was higher than black Bengal. The average age at sexual maturity of black Bengal goat was 8 months. The average weight at sexual maturity of male and female black Bengal goats were 9.82 +/- 0.75 and 9.52 +/- 0.62 kg, respectively in farm 1 and 9.65 +/- 0.75 and 9.138 +/- 0.70 kg, respectively in farm 2. The average age at sexual maturity was 9 months for Jamunapari goat. The average weight at sexual maturity of male and female Jamunapari goats was 13.2 +/- 0.75 and 14.1 +/- 0.82 kg, respectively. The average daily body weight gain from birth to weaning for male and female black Bengal goat was 33.70, 35.11 g day(-1) and was 35.67 and 45.94 g day(-1), respectively in farm 1 and 2 and for Jamunapari goat was 42.97 and 45.47 g day(-1), respectively. The males were grew faster than the females. The predicted live weight gains for both breeds were lowered after fitting the linear regression. The co-efficient of determination (R(2)) of male and female black Bengal and Jamunapari goats kids similar.

Effects of concentrate supplementation on growth, reproduction and milk yield of Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

Sixteen female Black Bengal goats (10 ± 0.6 months of age and 11.5 ± 1.3 kg live weight) were divided into four groups having four goats in each. In a completely randomized design, A, B, C and D were given 150, 200, 250 and 300g concentrate mixture with ad libitum green grasses. Total dry matter (DM) intake (333.6, 374.7, 416.3 and 456.5g/day in groups A, B, C and D, respectively) was significantly (P&lt;0.01) influenced by the level of concentrate in the diet. Crude protein (CP) intake (45.2, 57.0, 66.4 and 75.7g/day) was significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher in group D and lower in group A. Daily weight gain of kids did not differ significantly between groups. Feed and protein conversion efficiency was not significantly influenced by the concentrate level in the diet. Milk yield was significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased (206.8, 233.4, 359.3 and 374.7 mL/day for groups A, B, C and D, respectively) with the supplementation of concentrate. It is suggested to supplement 250g of concentrate daily to female goats in addition to ad libitum roughage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i1.11884 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 1, 7-16

Milk production performance of Black Bengal goats in West Bengal

This study was conducted to investigate the milk production performance of Black Bengal goats in different parities reared in a semi-intensive system. The 112 female Black Bengal goats were selected on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics and ancestral history from Goat Farm, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Milk production records of the Black Bengal goat were recorded in the 9th week of kidding from September, 2007 to August, 2008. The overall milk production of 112 goats in the 9th week was within the range of 0.240 to 1.73 kg. On an average, the initial yield, peak yield, average peak yield, days to attain peak yield, total milk yield and daily milk yield was 0.250 kg, 0.380 kg, 0.310 kg, 11.35 days, 7.21 kg and 0.210 kg, respectively. The milk production increased in the fourth week of lactation and then decreased afterwards. Milk production of those goats which gave birth to more than three kids was highest, followed by those that gave birth to two and one kids. Milk production performance of Black Bengal goat in the third parity was better than that of the first and second parities. In conclusion, Black Bengal goats tend to have a potentiality of milk production.

Modification of pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in uranyl nitrate-induced renal damage in black bengal goats

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime (50 mg/kg, i.m.) were studied in both healthy and kidney damaged female black Bengal goats. Uranyl nitrate (0.75 mg/kg) was administered intravenously, once daily for five consecutive days to induce kidney damage. The pharmacokinetic variables were calculated in both cases. Kidney damage caused several changes in the determined variables. The C(max) and C(min) of cefotaxime observed at 0.50 and 5 h in normal goats were 24.91+/-1.51 and 1.22+/-0.07 micro g/ml, respectively, while the same in kidney damaged goats at 1 and 72 h were 75.00+/-0.45 and 3.10+/-0.09 micro g/ml, respectively. Renal damage condition significantly increased t1/2,ka (0.48+/-0.01 h), t1/2,ke (20.03+/-0.16 h), AUC (2440.10+/-24.26 micro g. h/ml) and significantly decreased Vdarea (0.59+/-0.007 L/kg), Vss (0.58+/-0.007 L/kg) and ClB (0.02+/-0.008 L/kg/h) values of cefotaxime compared to normal goats.