Female Auditors Research Articles

Pengaruh Komite Audit Perempuan, Pengalaman Kerja dan Pendidikan Akuntansi & Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur

The Author, 2024. The Influence of Female Audit Committees, Audit Committee Work Experience, and Audit Committee Accounting & Finance Education on the Value of Manufacturing Companies (In Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022). Thesis Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Palangka Raya University. Supervisor: Dr. Fitria Husnatarina, SE., M.Si., Ak., CA and Rini Oktavia, SE., M.Sc. This research aims to explain the influence of female audit committees, audit committee work experience, and audit committee accounting & finance education on company value. This research uses secondary data, the population used in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The sampling technique in this research was using a purposive sampling method. There are 23 manufacturing companies that meet the sample criteria in this research, so the observation data amounts to 92. The data analysis method in this research uses SPSS statistical tools with multiple regression analysis equations. The research results show that: (1) The existence of a female audit committee has an influence on increasing company value significantly; (2) Audit Committee Work Experience has a positive and significant effect on Company Value; and (3) Audit Committee Accounting and Finance Education has a positive and statistically significant relationship to Company Value.

Female lead auditors, audit fees, and audit quality

We investigate whether female lead auditors are associated with higher audit fees and audit quality. We expect female lead auditors to have a significant influence on these audit outcomes for two reasons. First, female auditors are more risk averse and less tolerant of opportunistic behaviours than their male counterparts. Second, lead auditors perform more numerous and varied tasks and spend more time on the audit of a given client than concurring auditors. Our results show that female lead auditors are associated with higher audit quality but not with higher audit fees. However, these results only hold for female lead auditors with low client-specific experience (i.e., in a riskier context). Finally, additional analyses suggest that female lead auditors and female concurring auditors have a different influence on audit fees and audit quality.

WHAT AUDIT FEATURES IMPACT VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION?

Research Purposes. The objective of this research is to ascertain how audit quality affects the value and relevancy of accounting data, where audit quality is proxied by audit company size, audit partner gender, audit fees, audit reporting delays, and auditor opinion. Research Methods The study examining the relationship between variables using a fixed-effects model focuses on 780 non-financial corporations registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2020 and 2021, chosen through non-probability-purposive-judgment sampling techniques. Research Results and Findings. The study's conclusions indicate that while audit fees and latency in reporting can decrease the value relevance of accounting information, public accounting firms associated with the Big Four and the presence of female audit partners can enhance it. Additionally, the auditor's opinion section yields some intriguing results, as it increases the relevance of book value while decreasing that of profit value.

Pengaruh Independensi Dan Gender Komite Audit Terhadap Audit Delay

The influence of audit committee independence and gender on audit delay is the subject of this research. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach combined with a descriptive approach. For this research, the data used was secondary data and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This research examines 33 banking companies over a period of 4 (four) years. The results of this research are that independence has a negative effect on audit delay and audit committee gender has a negative effect on audit delay. Therefore, it can be concluded that if the company has an audit committee that is independent then this can reduce the occurrence of audit delays and if the company has more female audit committees then this can reduce the occurrence of audit delays.This research aims to determine the influence of audit committee independence and gender on audit delay.

Female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization and audit fees: Evidence from China

We focus on how inconsistency or conflict between actual biological sex and name gender-orientation affects CEO trustworthiness, and thus firm audit fees. This study of Chinese listed firms led by female CEOs finds that female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization significantly reduces audit fees, and the presence of female auditors mitigates the above negative relationship. Mechanism tests find that female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization reduces audit fees by adopting positive tone, enhancing TMT stability, and improving social image. Heterogeneity analysis from the perspectives of CEO and auditor traits demonstrate that when female CEOs were born before the 1970s, also serve as chairmen, and are non-family CEOs, as well as when auditors tenure is shortened, audit report time lag is decreased, and the audit team gender structure is singular, female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization reduces audit fees more significantly. We find no evidence that female CEOs with masculine or gender-neutral names perform better or worse than those with feminine names in any substantive way. Additionally, female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization does not have a consistent effect on positive and negative abnormal audit fees.

Why do female lead auditors charge a fee premium? evidence from the UK audit market

Existing research documents a fee premium for audits led by female partners (Ittonen & Peni, 2012; Hardies et al., 2015; Burke et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2019; Hardies et al., 2021). We take this work forward by investigating a possible justification for the observed premium by examining how auditor gender is related to audit report lag and whether the female partner audit fee premium is driven by audit report lag. We find that United Kingdom companies audited by a female lead auditor have a significantly shorter audit report lag but pay a significantly higher audit fee. In further analysis, we find that the fee premium for female partner–led audits is higher for clients receiving a more timely audit opinion. Our findings are consistent with female lead auditors delivering more timely audits and with audit clients being prepared to pay a premium for such timeliness. Our study extends our understanding of the importance of gender in the auditing process and the value clients see in audits led by female auditors. Given the relatively low proportion of female lead auditors, our findings should also encourage audit firms to appreciate the economic value of female lead auditors and to actively facilitate their progression to senior roles.

Is there a gender gap in audit fees in Spain? Explaining the variables involved in audit fees

Purpose The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of auditor gender on audit fees, with a view to establishing whether there are any differences in audit price depending on the gender of the auditor. Motivation The existence of a gender gap in audit fees is a problem. In order to try to reduce this gap, it is necessary to understand the determinants of audit fees according to gender. Design/Methodology/Approach The sample under analysis is made up of 3217 unlisted Spanish companies. In order to fulfil our aim, an audit fee model is put forward, applying a multiple linear regression analysis differentiated by auditor gender. Main findings The results point to an absence of any statistically significant association between audit fees and auditor gender. In contrast to other countries within the same context, Spanish female audit partners do not generate higher audit fees than their male counterparts; there is no female audit fee premium as there seems to be in other countries such as Belgium, France, Finland, China or the USA. Practical implications Differences were found among the factors which determine audit fees; there tend to be fewer factors considered in audits signed by female auditors, with indicators related to the economic and financial situation of the company under audit excluded from the fees model. These results could be justified by differences between male and female auditors with respect to audit planning and efficiency. Novelty/Contribution This paper is a contribution to the literature on gender in auditing, and offers up evidence on the impact of auditor gender on audit fees within a specific context that has not been studied in any depth, namely the Spanish auditing market for unlisted companies.

Planned Model Efficacy on Auditing Quality with Emphasis on Female Auditors’ Behavior Norms and Cultural Identity

Planned Model Efficacy on Auditing Quality with Emphasis on Female Auditors’ Behavior Norms and Cultural Identity

Females in Corporate Board Diversity and Its Impact on Earnings Quality

Earnings quality is formed on corporate governance. The company's internal governance mechanism consists of the president director, the finance director, the board of directors, commissioners, and the audit committee. However, there is still a lack of studies exploring the relationship between female in-board diversity and earnings quality, especially in Indonesia. It is because Indonesia has a unique corporate governance system, even though Indonesia follows a corporate governance system on the European continent, namely the two-tier boards. This study aims to determine the influence of female president directors, female finance directors, female board of directors, female board of commissioners, and female audit committee on earnings quality. The sample of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method, and 70 companies were selected as research samples with a total data collection of 350 data from the research period of 2018-2022. Data analysis in this research uses multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the presence of a female president director, a female finance director, and a female board of commissioner negatively affects earnings quality. On the other hand, the presence of the female board of directors has a positive effect on earnings quality. The female audit committee does not affect earnings quality. The author can conclude that the female gender still does not play an important role in the company's management to increase earnings quality because female’s behavior is more callous and not more assertive than male.

Impact of ownership structure and cross‐listing on the role of female audit committee financial experts in mitigating earnings management

Impact of ownership structure and cross‐listing on the role of female audit committee financial experts in mitigating earnings management

Does audit quality affect the probability that a female auditor has chaired the audit team? Empirical evidence from Italian public HEIs

Purpose: Focusing on Italian public higher education institutions (HEIs), this study examines whether an increase in remarks in unqualified audit reports increases the likelihood that a female auditor has chaired the audit team issuing such reports. Design/methodology/approach: To answer its research question, the paper re-gresses the gender of the audit team chair with, among other factors, the number of remarks in the unqualified audit reports that are assumed to be a measure of audit quality. Findings: The results show that in Italian public HEIs, it is more probable that au-dit reports characterised by high audit quality (i.e., those with more remarks) are issued by audit teams chaired by female auditors. Originality/value: These findings contribute to existing knowledge and have im-plications for practice. They might be explained by the innate qualities of women as well as by environmental factors such as limited litigation risk characterising both the country and the sector investigated. So, they do not contradict either the Institutional Logic perspective or the Ethics of Care Theory, according to which the environment and the aptitude to manage conflict differ between men and women.

Sustainability assurance joint provision and assurance statement readability: does the assurance provider gender diversity matter?

PurposeThe primary objective of this paper is to investigate the relation between the joint provision of sustainability assurance and the readability of sustainability assurance statements. Additionally, it explores whether the presence of a female assurance partner influences the relation between the joint provision of sustainability assurance and the readability of sustainability assurance statements.Design/methodology/approachWe analyzed a dataset comprising 882 firm-year observations from companies operating in sustainability sensitive industries for the period that spans the years 2016–2018.FindingsThe research indicates that joint sustainability assurance provision is associated with a more readable sustainability assurance statement, consistent with the “four-eyes” principle. Furthermore, the presence of a female assurance provider influences the joint assurance provision’s impact on sustainability assurance statement readability. Collectively, these results remain robust as they hold unchanged after controlling for endogeneity concerns.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides novel insights into the recent sustainability assurance literature, being the first to examine joint assurance provision, assurance partner gender and sustainability assurance statement readability.Practical implicationsThis study has the potential to catalyze regulatory and policy initiatives by providing compelling evidence in favor of mandating joint audits within the area of sustainability assurance practices. Additionally, this research contributes to the ongoing discussion about gender diversity in accounting and nonaccounting assurance firms, providing evidence of the positive impact of female assurance partners on sustainability assurance statement readability.Originality/valueThe regression results provide preliminary evidence on how the presence of a female audit partner influences the relationship between the sustainability assurance joint provision and sustainability assurance statement readability, an issue that has not been examined before.

A Study of Female Presence in the Audit Process on Audit Quality

ABSTRACT In this paper, we conduct a review of the literature on the under-representation of women as audit partners and audit committee chairs, and assess audit quality when they hold these roles. By using the U.S. sample from 2016 to 2019, our analyses show that firms with female audit partners and/or audit committee chairwomen are more likely to have lower discretionary accruals, implement more effective internal controls, and are less likely to misstate financial reports than are all male pairs. Our paper serves as a resource for those seeking to understand gender differences and to use it as a starting point to illuminate the debate on gender-specific outcomes in the auditing service industry. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M14; M42.

"LOVELY PAYABLE" AKUNTAN PEREMPUAN

This study aims to delve into the phenomenon of 'lovely payable' among female accountants. This research uses qualitative methods qualitative method with a case study approach, data collection techniques encompassed interviews, observations, and documentation. The participants in this research are a female auditor at PwC and a female financial staff at the BPJS office. The findings highlight that 'lovely payable' emphasizes the importance of time, particularly in providing brief yet meaningful quality time for children. Communication, especially through quality time, is considered crucial for maximizing the relationship between a career-oriented mother and her children. In deciding to be both an accountant and a mother, the research indicates that this choice is not solely about work pressures but also about creating harmony in the quality of life and meeting the emotional needs of the children.

The effect of gender diversity on the disclosure of key audit matters: examination of dual-signature environment

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of gender diversity in the composition of engagement auditors on the disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) in a dual-signature environment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the unique institutional setup of Taiwan, where the law requires that audit reports be signed by two audit partners. The authors examined the effect of gender diversity composition among engagement auditors on KAM disclosure, considering behavioral differences between female and male auditors.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that gender diversity composition in the dual-signature environment is associated with the number of disclosed KAM items (KAMIT) and the length of the explanations for each KAMIT. Furthermore, the authors found that gender diversity composition, particularly when led by female audit partners, has a more pronounced impact on the explanation of each KAMIT rather than on the disclosure of KAMIT. The authors also noted that the moderating effect of audit firm specialization does not influence the gender diversity composition of audit partners in disclosing KAMs.Originality/valueThis study’s empirical findings demonstrate that the interaction between different gender compositions in a dual-signature environment influences KAM disclosure.

The Retention and Promotion of Female Auditors at Big-4 Accounting Firms

The Retention and Promotion of Female Auditors at Big-4 Accounting Firms

What’s in store for females after breaking the glass ceiling? Evidence from the Chinese audit market

Given that female auditors’ representation in the audit market has averagely caught up to that of males, yet remains insufficient at the partner level, it is imperative to investigate gender discrimination in public accounting firms. Using data from the Chinese audit market, this paper analyzes the glass ceiling phenomenon faced by females as they aspire to promotion to partner positions. It also explores the professional barriers that may impede their career progression post-promotion. The findings illuminate that the opportunities for female promotion to partner positions are notably lower than for males. Furthermore, after their elevation to partner roles, females are more likely to be allocated to clients grappling with financial distress and high-risk situations. In contrast, opportunities to engage with auditing important clients are diminished, particularly within male-dominated audit firms. Additionally, the study reveals that female promotion to partner positions heightens their prospects for assuming the lead auditor role in audit projects. However, this phenomenon predominantly materializes within audit firms characterized by a higher proportion of female auditors. Instead, females face more significant challenges in garnering recognition within male-dominated audit firms. Lastly, the research examines investor reactions to female promotion to partner, revealing a generally negative response. In summary, this study contributes to a comprehensive exploration of gender discrimination within the public accounting firms, shedding light on women’s career development challenges after breaking the glass ceiling.

Audit partners’ gender and time variances of key audit matters

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether audit partners’ gender affects the year-to-year changes (year-to-year additions and drops) of key audit matters (KAMs) identified in the audit report. This study also examines whether female audit partners’ audit experiences, accounting education and narcissism reduce the difference in time variances of KAMs reporting between female and male audit partners. This study defines the year-to-year additions and drops of KAMs as the time variance of KAMs.Design/methodology/approachData of this study includes the audit reports of Australian Securities Exchange 300 companies for the period from 2017 to 2021. This study also applies the theory of female auditors’ preference for anchoring and availability heuristics. This study uses multivariate regression with robust standard errors clustered by the firms. This study also uses several robustness tests.FindingsThe findings suggest that female audit partners disclose fewer time variant KAMs in that they have a lower tendency both to add new KAMs and to drop old KAMs. Further analysis suggests that the differences between female and male audit partners decrease as the female audit partners’ experience increases or if the female audit partner possesses a bachelor’s degree in accounting. Female audit partners’ narcissism also reduces the gender gap in the time variances of KAMs.Practical implicationsThe fact that female audit partners report more stable KAMs implies that there are differences between female and male audit partners in the way audit risk assessments are conducted, audits are planned and professional judgement is applied by female and male audit partners.Social implicationsThe findings imply that female audit partners’ experience, accounting education and narcissistic personality can play a significant role in explaining the differences in audit outcomes produced by male and female audit partners.Originality/valueThis study is novel in showing that female audit partners report more stable and less time-variant KAMs. The findings of this study may inform audit firms and regulators that female audit partners’ experience, tertiary qualifications in accounting and narcissistic personality traits may be effective means of reducing the gender gap in auditing. The findings also imply that auditors’ observable and unobservable personality traits affect audit outcomes.

The role of women in auditing financial statements the importance of gender diversity in the board of directors to achieve the quality of financial reporting

Objective: The main objective of the study is to identify any effects of gender difference on the auditing profession in order to know the impact of gender (specifically female) on the quality of auditing, by studying the opinions of many professionals in the Iraqi environment, as well as identifying the obstacles that women may face during their performance of the auditing profession and identifying the special specifications that they can be characterized by to practice this profession.
 
 Methodology: The study was based on several hypotheses, the first hypothesis: that women outperform men in the skills that are most important to the auditing profession, the second hypothesis: there is an impact of the auditor's gender on the quality of audit work due to important barriers to entering the audit profession, the third hypothesis: that female auditors in partnership positions should show additional competence accordingly, we should expect these auditors to provide higher quality audit services on average than male auditors.
 
 Results: This study has proven that some social and cultural factors associated with the Saudi environment do not work in accounting and auditing firms. The field results have shown that there is a general weakness in linking curricula to professional requirements.
 Conclusion: There are many specifications required for the auditor, whether male or female, in terms of ethics, experience, professional specialization, scientific and practical qualification, and knowledge in other sciences, but the interaction with these specifications differs from one gender to another according to its nature and the circumstances surrounding it.

Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga Dalam Memoderasi Dewan Direksi Wanita Dan Komite Audit Wanita Terhadap Manajemen Laba

Agency theory explains the relationship between investors and management in which more information is owned by management, so it is often misused as an encouragement to engineer earnings according to their interests, which are known as earnings management. The purpose of the study was to examined the influence of female board of directors, female independent directors, and female audit committee on earnings management. In addition, also examined family ownership as moderation in the relationship of female board directors, female independent directors, female audit committee on earnings management. This study uses a quantitative type approach which was analyzed using the panel regression method through the EViews application. The sample in this study was 1.220 data with a total source of 349 non-financial companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018 to 2022 which were determined based on purposive sampling method. The results showed (i) the higher percentage of women on the board of directors, the lower potential earnings management practices; (ii) there are no significant relationship was found between of female independent directors and earnings management; (iii) the higher percentage of female audit committee, the lower potential earnings management practices; (iv) Family ownership as moderation can only weaken the relationship of the female board of directors to earnings management, in other words, the leadership role of women in the board of directors is not optimal in family companies.