Felt Happy Research Articles

Lunchbox content and dietary outcomes of Dutch primary school children explored by sociodemographics

Abstract Background Most children fail to meet recommended guidelines for a healthy diet. Children living in low socioeconomic areas are less likely to have healthy eating behaviours. In this study we investigated the food Dutch primary school children bring from home, and their dietary, health and school related outcomes explored by sociodemographics. Methods 5 primary schools, with high deprivation scores and a high percentage of overweight, have been included in this study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06058325). With observations in September 2023 we mapped the content of lunchboxes, including snacks, of children. Questionnaires for all parents and children in grade 5-8 focused on dietary and health outcomes of children and perceived class factors. Preliminary baseline data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Exploratory analyses will be conducted to show differences by sociodemographics (e.g. age, sex, parental financial stress). Results 297 lunchboxes were observed, 98.7% contained sandwiches, half being brown bread. Most children brought fruit from home for either lunch or morning snack, 13.8% not at all. 21.9% brought vegetables. 135 children completed the questionnaire: 43.0% boys, mean age 9.3 years old (SD 1.12). Children ate fruit and vegetables on an average of 5.9 (SD 1.69) and 4.9 (SD 2.23) days a week. Whereas 80% of children eats fruit every day at school, only 20% of children eats vegetables every day at school. Most children perceived their health as good (89.3%) and felt happy (89.6%). On a scale of 1 (low) to 5 (high), they rated concentration, social climate and comfort in class an average of 3.8 (SD 1.05), 4.3 (SD 1.07) and 4.3 (SD 0.92) respectively. Conclusions Lunchboxes of Dutch primary school children mainly contain sandwiches. Whereas most children eat fruit at school, the majority of children do not eat vegetables at school. A healthy school lunch might increase vegetable consumption of children and could affect health and school related outcomes. Key messages • Most Dutch primary school children eat sandwiches during lunch at school, but in half of the cases this is not brown bread as recommended by nutritional guidelines. • Most Dutch primary school children bring fruit to eat as snack or lunch, but no vegetables to eat at school. The majority also self-reported the lack of eating vegetables at school on a daily basis.

INVASTIGATION OF PATIENT AND HOSPITAL PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDREN PARTICIPATING IN EDUCATION AT THE HOUSE OF COMPASSION

This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of children, one of whose relatives was undergoing chemotherapy treatment and who participated in education at the House of Compassion, about the patient and hospital perceptions and their views on the House of Compassion. Case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. Criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling types, was used to determine the study group. The study group consisted of 20 children who participated in the training at the House of Compassion in a hospital in Ankara and one of whose relatives was undergoing chemotherapy treatment. In the study, "Demographic Information Form" was used to collect information about children and parents, "Child Interview Form" and "Children's Pictures" were used to determine children's perceptions of patients, hospital and House of Compassion. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was observed that children knew the definition of the hospital, the personnel working in the hospital, and the practices carried out, and emphasized the healing and therapeutic aspects of the hospital. Children reported coming to the House of Compassion to play games, have fun, and have a good time. It was determined that children felt happy and sound in the House of Compassion and that they liked the House of Compassion. As a result, it can be said that the House of Compassion has positive effects on children's perceptions of the patient and the hospital.

Exploring Factors Influencing College Females' Perceptions of Menstruation: A Study on Awareness and Cultural Influences

This study surveyed 225 respondents on their attitudes towards menstruation, revealing predominantly negative feelings. A significant majority (84.9%) expressed disagreement with feeling proud during menstruation, while none agreed or felt happy about having their period. Most respondents (66.7%) also did not feel excited about menstruating. Similarly, a large portion of respondents (82.2%) were not eager to experience their first period, and 65.8% reported not being happy when they found out about menstruation. Although many respondents disagreed with feeling different during their period, nearly 58.7% agreed that menstruation makes them uncomfortable. When asked if it was acceptable to miss college due to menstrual cramps, 45.3% strongly agreed, indicating that many find menstruation physically challenging. The majority (75.1%) also disagreed with feeling scared, suggesting awareness and understanding of the menstrual process. Respondents were generally open to discussing menstruation, with 72% feeling comfortable talking to friends. However, 62.2% expressed feeling nervous when the word “period” is mentioned. Social stigma remains an issue, as 60.9% disagreed with fearing boys finding out about their period, but a smaller group (24.9%) expressed fear. Finally, 86.2% disagreed that girls should worry during their period. Overall, this survey highlights the widespread discomfort, negative associations, and stigma surrounding menstruation, with respondents showing minimal positive feelings or eagerness towards their periods.

Sustainability Learning: Project Based Learning Integrated Chemo-Entrepreneurship Approach to Understanding Chemistry and Interest in Entrepreneurship

This research aims to re-analyze how much influence the PjBL learning model integrated with the CEP approach has on students' learning outcomes and interest in entrepreneurship. This research used a pre-experimental design method through one group pretest - posttest design, which was carried out on 10 students in the first semester of the Agribusiness Study Program at Deli University, Sumatra. The data analysis instruments used were learning outcomes tests and questionnaires conducted before and after learning. The research results show that the N-gain is 0.84 with an increase in learning outcomes of 29.3%, this is because students can understand the material directly through project activities. In the interest in entrepreneurship which was tested through a questionnaire instrument, it was found that there had been an increase in the high category from 10.2% to 84.6% because through the integrated PjBL Model the CEP approach in the material studied was linked directly to entrepreneurial products, so that students became active and felt happy participating in activities. learning. Based on the results of research on the influence of implementing the PjBL Model integrated with the Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP) approach on students' understanding of chemistry and interest in entrepreneurship to determine the increase in learning outcomes in general chemistry lessons and students' entrepreneurial interest, it can be concluded that the application of the PjBL Model integrated with the CEP approach in chemistry learning can increasing students' understanding of chemistry and entrepreneurial interest.

Money you could touch: cash and psychological ownership

PurposeDespite evidence that cashless payment modes influence spending behavior, researchers have yet to explain the underlying mechanism. Cash serves as a store of value, and transactions involve the transference of ownership in circulation. This study aims to unpack why the physical and visceral nature of cash embodies psychological ownership and how the physicality of cash attenuates the awareness of spending, curtailing instinctive and unnecessary spending.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on data collected in 2013 in New Zealand, the authors conducted another study in the quite different context of China in September 2023, using identical semistructured discussion protocols. The data from 2013 involved five focus group sessions containing at least six participants, involving 31 adults who also completed an open-ended questionnaire immediately before the group discussion commenced. The data collection in 2023 used the same open-ended and semistructured discussion protocol used in 2013, resulting in 180 adult open-ended responses – a nonprobability criterion-based purposive sampling guided participant selection in the 2013 and 2023 studies.FindingsFindings reveal that psychological ownership does manifest in the app more than in the ownership of money itself. People felt happy, confident, safe and secure while using apps that stored their money. Physical attributes of cash result from sensory perceptions of handling, counting and touching cash and coins. A sense of psychological ownership heightens spending awareness and ramifies spending behavior. The research found sadness and guilt as negative emotions when parting with money.Originality/valueThis study offers empirical support to explain why psychological ownership of cash regulates spending and why the psychological processes that underlie “owned” money interrupt the spending with cash.

Understanding consumer acceptability of verjuice, its potential applications and sensory and chemical drivers of liking

The wine sector is working to add value, enhance sustainability and reduce waste, yet often creating new products with unknown consumer acceptance. Verjuice, juice made from discarded unripe thinned grapes, is an example. Whilst verjuice has various culinary uses, its versatility in beverages continues to expand. However, its sensory drivers of liking when consumed as a drink, and their potential impact on its application remain unclear. Chemical drivers of sensory characteristics are also unknown representing a critical knowledge gap needed to guide product innovation. This study aimed to provide new knowledge regarding consumer acceptability of verjuice by identifying its sensory drivers of liking as a beverage, evaluating its potential use in different applications and identifying chemical drivers of its sensory characteristics. New Zealand consumers (n = 93) evaluated 13 verjuice samples from different countries. Furthermore, verjuice familiarity and its influence on emotional response was investigated to determine likely future consumer engagement. Sweetness was the most positive driver of liking in verjuice overall, followed by fruity and floral notes, smoothness, and to a lesser extent citrus flavour. Consumers expressed varied preferences for verjuice’s sensory profile, with fruity, floral, and honey flavours driving beverage application, whilst winey and green apple notes were more associated with culinary scenarios. Some association between chemical parameters and sensory attributes were evident (e.g. sugars were highly associated with perceived sweetness, fruity, and floral attributes; these attributes also shared proximity with 1-hexanol and cyclohexanol). The general idea of verjuice elicited positive valence emotions, but consumers who were ‘not familiar’ felt more curious, and those ‘familiar’ felt happier and more satisfied. Findings highlight the potential to tailor verjuice for specific applications by understanding desired sensory profiles and related chemical parameters. Recognising the interplay between familiarity level and emotional response is crucial for positioning the product in the marketplace and fostering consumer engagement. Marketing initiatives are needed to increase verjuice familiarity and support product innovation, leading to increased product appeal.

Digital Marketing Training For Home Businesses In Bodag Village, Ngadirojo District, Pacitan Regency

This Community Service Activity for Real Work Lectures (PkM KKN) aims to provide knowledge and skills to the community, especially those who have businesses at Real Work Lecture locations, so they can market their businesses through various digital platforms such as Shoppi, Lazada, and other social media. The approach used in implementing this KKN PkM activity is to first make preparations, which consist of registering data on potential participants and their businesses, contacting village officials and preparing training places, contacting resource persons, then carrying out KKN PkM activities on a previously determined day and ending with evaluation. The Real Work Lecture activity, which is part of Community Empowerment or Community Service, was carried out for 2.5 months, in this regard, digital marketing training was carried out for home businesses at the KKN location on Saturday, October 28 2023, which presented speakers from business actors who use digital marketing, this activity was attended by a target group of 27 people who have various home businesses, such as a small specialty food industry from the village, so by participating in this activity it is hoped that they can market their business more widely and their income will increase. Apart from delivering material and practice, PkM activities also include mentoring provided by KKN participants so that they can truly market their businesses. After completing the activity, the participants were evaluated through observation and interviews with the results, the majority stated that this activity was very useful and felt happy, with the hope that it could be applied to increase income, apart from that they also gained new knowledge and skills, the hope was that there would be mentoring and other training, as well as understanding how to market your business products via cellphone.

What do you do or with whom? Understanding happiness with the tourism experience: an AI approach applied to Instagram

More and more tourists are sharing their experiences on their social media through a combination of photos, texts, and hashtags. But there is a scarcity of studies in literature on analyzing tourists’ visual content in relation to tourism destinations. To address this gap in literature, this study explores how and with whom users express the greatest happiness in holiday destinations, and how they share it with their community, through a mixed methods approach composed of analysis of images, text, and metadata. This approach allows us to address the objective of this research, which is the prediction of the happiness felt by tourists during their experience, using innovative techniques that allow the independent variables to be obtained. To predict tourist satisfaction, two sources of data, photos and texts, are analyzed: a novel approach and little explored in the literature, but necessary due to the interaction of both variables. This study applies various artificial intelligence analyses on visual content (deep learning), and textual and metadata content (machine learning) to 39,235 Instagram posts shared by tourists since the emergence of Instagram thirteen years ago, at a cultural and gastronomic tourist destination. The findings of the visual content analysis showed that socialization and company, that is, traveling and interacting with people, was a key aspect of a positive tourism experience. In addition, the gender of the people with whom they traveled, and the tourist’s narcissism were also key aspects in the generation and expression of positive emotions. Regarding the analysis of the textual content, the results showed that when tourists enjoyed a positive experience, they became more involved in the generation of content, that is, they showed their happiness through positive words.

만 1세 영아반 보육교사의 행복감 경험에 대한 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide the necessary educational environment for infant teacher by exploring the experience of happiness felt by childcare teachers while performing role in a 1-year-old infant class.
 Methods The participant in this study is teacher H, who is in charge of team teaching in the 1-year-old class at a daycare center located in K-si, Gyeonggi-do. The research data was collected from transcripts of a total of three in-depth interviews conducted from April 3 to June 2, 2023, and analyzed qualitatively by coding and categorizing key words.
 Results The happiness that a 1-year-old childcare teacher feels while performing role is as follows. First, it was found that daycare teachers in one-year-old infant classes felt happy due to the realization of their expertise, so-cial recognition, and opportunities for self-development. Second, it was found that daycare teachers in the 1-year-old infant class felt happy while seeing the infant adapt, understanding the infant's temperament and characteristics, and experiencing the infant's change and growth. Third, the one-year-old child care teacher felt happy due to the sense of homogeneity and solidarity with her fellow teachers, such as cooperation in work and similar experience and age. Fourth, it was found that daycare teachers in the 1-year-old infant class felt happy as she cooperated with parents as childcare partners, receiving support and encouragement through smooth communication with parents and seeing bright facial expressions.
 Conclusions The 1-year-old child care teacher became the driving force in performing his role due to the happi-ness she felt for herself, the infant, fellow teachers, and parents while running the child care program. Therefore, it is necessary to create a childcare environment so that communication and support among members can con-tinue to occur at the institutional and policy level so that childcare teachers in infant classes can perform their roles with a sense of happiness.

Active Learning to Find Concepts and Algorithms in Decimal Material in Class V Elementary School

Prior to learning, pre-tests and questionnaires were given to determine students' abilities and interests in learning decimal. Based on the results of the initial test, it was found that students' initial abilities were very low with an average grade of 15.50, and from the results of the questionnaire, all students said they did not like decimal learning. After active learning to find the concept of algorithms in decimal material, the class average value was 86.27, meaning that the level of classical student mastery was 86.27. This indicated that the student mastery level was relatively high. Of the 20 students, there were 19 people or 95.0% who had finished studying, thus that classically learning decimal material had been completed. Judging from the specific learning objectives, all of them achieved above 65%. The results of the student questionnaire after the decimal material learning outcomes test was completed, obtained data that students felt happy with the learning they had just participated in. Students argue, the way is easy to understand and understand. With simple but interesting teaching aids, it can increase students' enthusiasm and interest in learning Mathematics.
 The classical learning outcomes have been completed based on the learning completeness criteria specified in the curriculum, specific learning objectives have been achieved based on the learning objectives achievement criteria, the student's response to learning is positive, the student's mastery of the material is high. It can be concluded that learning on decimal material in class V SD. already effective.

Peran Eudaimonic Well Being sebagai Mediasi Pengaruh Perilaku Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Organisasi UMKM

Business organizations in MSMEs are oriented towards profit achievement and can contribute to the economy. Efforts in achieving the goals of MSMEs should be organizational leaders who can empower the potential of each employee. The role of the leader can create a comfortable environment that can encourage increased employee performance, one of the factors is the happiness felt from employees when carrying out work in the organization. The aims of this study are (1) to analyze the influence of leadership behavior on the organizational performance of MSMEs; (2) analyze the influence of leadership behavior on eudaimonic well being; (3) analyzing the effect of eudaimonic well being on the organizational performance of MSMEs; (4) analyzing the role of eudaimonic well being in mediating the influence of leadership behavior on the organizational performance of SMEs. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) measurements using SmartPLS software. The results of the study are (1) leadership behavior shows a significant positive influence on the organizational performance of SMEs; (2) leadership behavior shows a significant positive effect on eudaimonic well being; (3) eudaimonic well being shows a significant positive effect on the organizational performance of SMEs; (4) eudaimonic well being as a mediation of the influence of leadership behavior shows a significant positive influence on the organizational performance of SMEs

Usability study of a sleeve attachment device for enhancing ease of use of metered dose inhalers in children.

Children with asthma often lack the strength to activate their pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI). A recently developed sleeve device that attaches to a pMDI reduces the activation force of pMDIs from 36 - 39 Newtons (N) to 12.6 N and monitors the remaining doses with a built-in counter. To examine the usability and patient experience of the Easy Squeezy (ES) sleeve attachment device in the paediatric patient population. This cross-over study included 40 participants aged 5 - 10 years, half of whom had previous experience in using a pMDI. The experienced participants had used a pMDI for at least 1 year, and the inexperienced participants had no experience of using a pMDI. Participants and their parents recorded their responses on the ease of use, perceptions and satisfaction with using the pMDI alone and the pMDI with the ES. The participants felt that it was easier for them to activate the pMDI using the ES. They liked the ES device more than the pMDI and felt happier using the ES device. The parents reported that their children would be happier using the ES and would find it easier to activate the pMDI using the ES, that the built-in counter in the ES would make it easier to keep track of the doses, and that their children would be more likely to take the ES to school and use it there compared with the pMDI. They would recommend the ES to other parents and were willing to buy the device with their own money. The paediatric participants and their parents reported that the ES made it easier for children to activate the pMDI, that the counter made it easier to keep count of the doses, and that the aesthetics of the ES could potentially remove the stigma attached to use of a pMDI.

베이비부머의 여행 추구편익이 여행행복에 미치는 영향

This study aims to identify travel behavior of baby boomers who have recently emerged as major consumers in the tourism market and the benefits they want to pursue in travel. Considering that the ultimate value of leisure activities lies in the pursuit of happiness, the semantic factors that constitute happiness in travel and how benefits pursued in travel affect happiness were identified. As a result, the benefits that baby boomers seek when traveling were identified as ‘self-improvement’, ''culture experience'', ''change of pace'', ''social relationship'', and ''leisure experience''. The factors of happiness felt during the trip were ''vitality of life'', ''change of daily life'', and ''expansion of knowledge''. As a result, it was analyzed that ''change of pace'' and ''self-improvement'' had a high effect on the three happiness factors. Based on these results, the planning of travel products for baby boomers is required.

Terapi Bermain dengan Media Playdough untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Halus pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah di TK Angkasa Langensari

Introduction: Play therapy is a form of counseling or psychotherapy using games. There are many kinds of game media that train fine motor skills, one of which is assembling the shapes of numbers and letters using playdough media. Playdough media is a toy dough or plasticine toy made of clay (flour), as a learning aid that is easy to shape and very good at training hand and eye coordination in early childhood. Objective: The purpose of this play therapy activity is to improve children's fine motor skills through play therapy using playdough media. Method: This service method is collaborative, with a play therapy approach involving writers and classroom teachers. Data was collected by observing, interviewing, and documenting preschool children in grades A1 and B1 at Angkasa Kindergarten, Langensari District, Banjar City. Result: The results of this activity showed that all participants during the play therapy activity were able to form numbers and letters with their fingers according to the instructions, using playdough media and the children were very enthusiastic and felt happy in doing this play therapy activity. Conclusion: Based on the evaluation of the KPSP questionnaire from this activity, it can be concluded that overall children aged (4-6 years) in TK Angkasa Langensari have fine motor categories that are in accordance with their age development.

고등학생의 행복에 대한 귀인 요인 분석

Objectives Recently, while the importance of human rights and happiness of children and adolescents has been highlighted, it is reported that Korean adolescents have a significantly lower sense of happiness compared to adolescents from other countries. In such a situation, it is very important to find out what the youth thinks of happiness and in what circumstances they feel it is very important in that it lays the basis for interventions for their happiness in the future. Therefore, in this study, the purpose of this study was to find out what the factors attributing happiness to high school students were. Methods To achieve the purpose of this study, an open-ended questionnaire survey was conducted to collect questions from high school students located in Chungcheongnam-do. Preliminary questions about the reasons for happiness and unhappiness were collected through the questionnaire, and a test tool for happiness attribution was developed through item relevance evaluation. Results The results obtained in this study are first, according to the thematic analysis results, high school students attribute happiness to seven factors: family factor, friendship, relationship with the opposite sex, personal characteristics, ability, effort, and life satisfaction. Second, as a result of factor analysis of 90 happiness statements through item relevance evaluation, a total of five factors were analyzed: family factor, personal characteristics, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and friendship. Conclusions This study has significance as a study related to the happiness of adolescents in that the sense of happiness felt during adolescence plays an important role in helping adolescents acquire a sense of identity and lead their own inner growth to grow into correct adults. In addition, it can be seen as a meaningful study in that it tried to systematically elucidate the factors of happiness by analyzing the validity of the classification revealed in the subject analysis method through factor analysis in detail.

Assessing medical students’ perception and educational experience during COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the traditional delivery of medical education. Medical education programmes have had to cope with limitations on face-to-face learning, and accelerate the adoption of digital learning. In addition, the pandemic has potential serious implications on the psychological well-being of medical students. We aim to assess the changes in perceptions and experiences of medical students as a consequence of this pandemic.MethodsCross-sectional survey of medical students at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) between March and April 2022 was performed. The survey explored student satisfaction with the current education program, teaching delivery and the impact of COVID-19 on education and student well-being.Results175 medical students participated in the survey. Overall, the majority of students were happy/neutral with their medical education. 93 (53.1%) felt tutorials and problem-based learning (PBL) to be the most effective method of teaching, followed by laboratory and clinical placements in 78 participants (44.6%) and hybrid-learning in 85 participants (48.6%). There was a mixed reaction to the changes in the delivery of education brought about by the pandemic. 67 participants (40.6%) felt happy with the changes, another 64 participants (38.8%) felt neutral, whilst only 34 participants (20.6%) were unhappy. However, most participants felt the pandemic negatively impacted their mental health, with 96 participants (55.8%) reporting negative responses. 58% of participants (n = 102/175) reported utilising the student support services at university campus and 49% (n = 50) were satisfied with their services.ConclusionDigital content and delivery confer the benefit of greater flexibility in learning, the ability to learn at one’s own pace and in a preferred environment, however lacks the advantage of bedside teaching and hands-on training. Our findings reinforce the potential advantages of online learning.

Improving the Listening Skills of Tadris Students in English Through the Film Animation Application

This classroom action research aims to improve students' listening skills through the application of animated films. The subjects in this study were second semester students at STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. The data in this study were obtained from observation sheets, tests and questionnaires. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, it is known that in cycle I, 68.57% of students are actively involved in learning and 70% of students are motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Whereas in cycle II, 77.14% of students were actively involved and 88.57% of students were motivated and enthusiastic about participating in learning. In the preliminary study, the average listening ability of students was 53.43%, in the first cycle the students' average listening ability increased to 59.37%, and in the second cycle the increase reached 76.71%. The results of the student response questionnaire showed that 87.5% felt happy with the application of animated films and 81.25% felt that the use of animated films had an effect on listening skills. 93.75% said it was easier to practice listening skills with animated films and 90.63% preferred learning to listen with animated films compared to other media such as tape recorders, and 93.75% disagreed with learning to listen without using audio visual aids.

Heterogeneity in the psychosocial and behavioral responses associated with a diagnosis of suspected Lynch syndrome in women with endometrial cancer

BackgroundA suspected Lynch syndrome (SLS) diagnosis is made when a tumor exhibits DNA mismatch repair deficiency but cannot be definitively assigned to an inherited or non-inherited etiology. This diagnosis poses challenges for healthcare professionals, patients, and their families in managing future cancer risks and clinical care.MethodsThis qualitative study aimed to explore the psychosocial and behavioral responses of endometrial cancer (EC) patients receiving a SLS diagnosis (EC-SLS). Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 EC-SLS women, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.ResultsMost who interpreted their result as negative for Lynch syndrome (LS) believed they were at population-level risk of cancer and felt happy and relieved. Many participants who interpreted their result as inconclusive/not definitive for LS were confused about their cancer risk and experienced negative emotions of anger and frustration. Despite variation in colorectal cancer screening recommendations reported by participants, most adhered to the advice given. Almost all participants communicated their genetic test result to immediate family members; however, communication of family cancer risk management advice was more limited due to most participants reporting not receiving family screening advice. A family history of cancer and a professional healthcare background influenced participants’ engagement in regular cancer screening.ConclusionThese findings highlight variability in the psychosocial and behavioral responses associated with EC-SLS, providing insight into how healthcare professionals can optimally manage and support such individuals.

소비자가 지각한 복합쇼핑몰의 가치가 삶의 행복에 미치는 영향

Due to the recent development of distribution and logistics-related technologies, the shopping environment and consumption patterns are changing, and at the same time, offline retail stores are experiencing unprecedented environmental difficulties due to the unexpected global pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, in order to protect and strengthen the competitiveness of conventional small business retailers, the last government was trying to expand regulations on business hours and compulsory closure of complex shopping malls following the regulation of large discount stores. However, despite these consumption trends and changes in the environment, research has been mainly limited to marts, department stores, or the retail industry in general, and studies on psychological and behavioral factors from the consumer side of complex shopping malls are insignificant. Accordingly, in this study, as part of the research on the revitalization of complex shopping malls and consumer aspects, the purpose of this study was to identify the value that complex shopping malls provide to consumers. Specifically, we empirically analyzed what the value provided by the complex shopping mall is, how the perceived value of such a complex shopping mall affects consumer happiness using the complex shopping mall, and how consumer happiness ultimately affects their happiness in life. For empirical analysis, survey data were collected from 1,000 consumers who had experience using the complex shopping mall, and the structural causal relationship between perceived value → consumption happiness → life happiness was analyzed and verified by a structural equation model. As a result of the analysis, it was found that except for the social value of the complex shopping mall, the emotional value and the experiential value had a positive effect on the consumption happiness felt while using the complex shopping mall. Among them, emotional value had a relatively greater effect on consumption happiness than experiential value. However, through further analysis, it was found that social values had a direct effect on the happiness of consumers’ lives. In addition, it was found that consumption happiness felt while using the complex shopping mall ultimately had a positive effect on the overall happiness of consumers’ lives. Taken together, this study will help establish revitalization measures for companies that operate complex shopping malls and the value to be provided to consumers. At the same time, empirical results are being presented to local governments that want to attract complex shopping malls to gauge what value they bring to local residents. Table 1 Structural equation modeling results Hypothesis β t-value Effect Result H1 Social value → consumption happiness –0.06 –1.07(p=.28) + Not supported H2 Emotional value → consumption happiness 0.68 12.30(p<0.01) + Supported H3 Experiential value → consumption happiness 0.29 8.04(p<0.01) + Supported H4 Consumption happiness → subjective happiness 0.58 17.13(p<0.01) + Supported Social value → subjective happiness 0.14 2.90(p=0.04) +

Police recruits' predicted and felt emotions during organizational socialization

AbstractResearch on the honeymoon‐hangover effect suggests that newcomers experience an initial upward increase in job attitudes and motivation upon beginning a new job, followed by a subsequent decline. However, little empirical work has been done to investigate how newcomers feel during this period of adjustment. Despite its relevance, the affective forecasting literature has also not been incorporated in the context of newcomers. In this study, we examined fluctuations in police recruits' predicted and felt emotions (i.e., happiness, anxiety, and anger) during organizational socialization (i.e., 6‐month police academy training). Our results indicated that while their felt happiness did not change significantly, their anxiety and anger levels increased over time, which indicates that their felt affect exhibited a different pattern from that of the honeymoon‐hangover effect. We also found that police recruits' forecasts about their future emotions during the socialization period were generally inaccurate, which is in line with the general affective forecasting literature. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.