Felt Gratitude Research Articles

List Length, List Content, and Gratitude List Intervention Outcomes

Gratitude lists, well-being interventions in which participants list things that they are grateful for, have recently grown in popularity. However, being tasked with generating longer gratitude lists might backfire and be associated with less felt gratitude. Furthermore, the content of these gratitude lists is rarely examined. In three studies of 3,936 participants, people assigned to shorter length conditions (three items) were relatively comparable in gratitude and life satisfaction to those assigned to longer list conditions (six and 12 items), although an exploratory analysis revealed that failure to list enough gratitude items for a given condition was associated with lower well-being. These results provided evidence that ease-of-retrieval effects may not play a strong role in the efficacy of gratitude lists. Those who listed particular content items (e.g., close relationships and health) were higher in post-intervention gratitude and well-being than those who did not.

Wdzięczność a poczucie długu w sytuacji otrzymania pomocy

The aim of the study was to show the relationship between the emotion of gratitude and the sense of debt and other emotions, as well as the relationship between the emotion of gratitude and debt and dispositional gratitude. The purpose of the study was also to show whether gratitude correlates with a sense of debt and whether it is related to other emotions to a different extent. The aim of the study was also to determine to whom the respondents are grateful and to whom they most often feel indebted. In the study, there were included 148 students of nursing, emergency medical services and pedagogy (100 women, 48 men). The GQ-6 tool of Michael E. McCullough and Robert Emmons’ dispositional gratitude was used, in the Polish adaptation of Marlena Kossakowska and Piotr Kwiatek, the own scale of the intensity of emotions and experimental manipulation aimed at arousing the emotions of gratitude or indebtedness. Gratitude was positively related to joy more strongly in women. Only in women was indebtedness associated with joy and guilt. In the condition of gratitude, gratitude was not associated with a sense of debt, while in the condition of indebtedness, indebtedness was positively related to gratitude. In both conditions, the respondents more often felt the emotion of gratitude than indebtedness. In condition of gratitude, the respondents felt significantly more gratitude than negative emotions. In the condition of indebtedness, the respondents felt more debt than other negative emotions. The respondents more often felt gratitude towards their loved ones, and more often they felt gratitude than debt.

The effects of felt public gratitude on essential worker recovery activities during COVID-19

COVID-19 has been defined by an unusual outpouring of public gratitude to many, but not all, essential workers. So, we ask: what impact do these expressions of gratitude have on those who do or do not receive them? We examine how felt public gratitude affects the recovery activities of essential workers in underappreciated occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a sample of 186 corrections officers, we find that felt public gratitude negatively relates to maladaptive recovery activities (e.g., overdrinking, overeating) and positively relates to adaptive recovery activities (e.g., exercise, meditation). Further, we examine the psychological processes (i.e., felt invisibility, perceived prosocial impact, negative/positive affect) through which felt public gratitude affects recovery activities. Finally, we investigate a contextual moderator (i.e., self-isolation) of these relationships. Results show that self-isolation strengthens the negative relationship between felt gratitude and maladaptive activities, but not the positive relationship between felt gratitude and adaptive activities.

Gratitude and Social Media: A Pilot Experiment on the Benefits of Exposure to Others' Grateful Interactions on Facebook.

Facebook and other social networking sites allow observation of others’ interactions that in normal, offline life would simply be undetectable (e.g., a two-voice conversation viewable on the Facebook wall, from the perspective of a real, silent witness). Drawing on this specific property, the theory of social learning, and the most direct implications of emotional contagion, our pilot experiment (N = 49) aimed to test whether the exposure to others’ grateful interactions on Facebook enhances (a) users’ felt gratitude, (b) expressed gratitude, and (c) their subjective well-being. For the threefold purpose, we created ad hoc Facebook groups in which the exposure to some accomplices’ exchange of grateful messages for 2 weeks was experimentally manipulated and users’ felt/expressed gratitude and well-being were consequently assessed. Results partially supported both hypotheses. Observing others’ exchange of grateful posts/comments on Facebook appeared to enhance participants’ in-person expression of gratitude (i.e., self-reported gratitude expression within face-to-face interactions), but not their direct and subjective experiences of gratitude. Similarly, exposure to others’ grateful messages improved some components of subjective well-being, such as satisfaction with life, but not negative and positive affect. Taken together, however, our preliminary findings suggest for the first time that social networking sites may actually amplify the spreading of gratitude and its benefits. Implications of our results for professionals and future research in the field of health, education, and social media communication are discussed.

Thanks for Everything: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Gratitude in Organizations

Although scholars have begun to explore the role of gratitude in organizations, research has often focused on gratitude as an emotional state while overlooking the impact of gratitude expression. In a series of two quasi-experimental field studies, this paper examines the impact of a gratitude expression intervention on employees’ psychological and behavioral outcomes. Drawing from the emotions as social information model, we theorize that through increased received gratitude, participation in a gratitude expression intervention enhances employees’ own felt gratitude and perceived prosocial impact, and in turn, these psychological reactions to received gratitude are positively linked to employees’ work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Results from two quasi-experimental field studies, including one study in a service organization in the aviation industry and another in a medical training program, provide support for our model.

When do frontline service employees feel more grateful?

PurposeDrawing from the social exchange theory, the job demands-resources theory and the employee–organization relationship framework, this article aims to investigate underlying mechanisms through which organizational resources impact frontline service employees’ (FLEs) core service performance and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was conducted based on a multi-source data from 211 employee–customer pairs, with structural equation modeling used to test hypotheses.FindingsFLE felt gratitude toward the firm fully mediates the impacts of supervisory guidance and employee-oriented relationship investment in influencing employees’ service performance and customer-oriented OCB. The study further finds that when the perceived job autonomy is low, providing supervisory guidance is more effective in eliciting employee gratitude than employee-oriented relationship investments. In contrast, when the perceived job autonomy is high, employee-oriented relationship investment elicits higher employee gratitude than supervisory guidance.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, as cross-sectional pair data were used to test the proposed hypotheses, a stronger case might be made for the use of longitudinal data. Second, the current study uses a large variety of industries to study the phenomenon of employee gratitude and customer-oriented performance. Third, given recent globalization trends, it is increasingly important for researchers to address how the knowledge gained within an US context is applicable on a global scale. Finally, the two types of organizational resources included in the study are both positive resources.Practical implicationsThe findings offer insights about how firms can strategically invest organizational resources to favorably influence FLE gratitude and customer outcomes as well as how job autonomy plays a role in leveraging the impacts of those resources.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few to advance our understanding of how FLE felt gratitude serves as an intervening mechanism through which functional and social resources invested by service organizations lead to desirable customer outcomes. In addition, this study explores the moderating role of FLE perceived job autonomy, suggesting the contingent nature of organizational resources in affecting customer-oriented FLE behaviors, which was rarely attended in previous research.

Yakın Arkadaşlık İlişkisinde Minnettarlık Eğiliminin Bilişsel, Duygusal ve Davranışsal Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği

<div><!--block-->The aim of the current study is to investigate whether the perception of the value, cost and sincerity of a best friend’s helping behaviors, the gratitude felt toward the best friend and general gratitude expression differ according to dispositional gratitude and gender. Moreover, situations in which people felt gratitude toward their best friends and their means of expressing gratitude were investigated. A total of 406 people, 230 female and 176 male, participated in this study. Gratitude, Resentment and Appreciation Test - Revised, Gratitude Expression Scale, Gratitude Cognitive Evaluation Form, Gratitude Adjective Scale and Demographic Information Form were used. In addition, participants were asked open-ended questions to write about an event where they were grateful to their friend and how they expressed their gratitude. The Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) results indicated that those high in dispositional gratitude were more likely to have stronger (a) perceptions of the value, cost and sincerity of their best friend’s helping behaviors, (b) feelings of gratitude toward their best friend, and (c) gratitude expression. Additionally, the levels of gratitude expression for women were higher than those for men. Content analysis showed that the participants felt most grateful after receiving psychological and financial support from their friends and expressed their gratitude using verbal expression, nonverbal expression, or other-oriented expression styles. In parallel with the literature, the results of the study suggested that those high in dispositional gratitude were more aware of the behaviors of their best friends, and felt and expressed gratitude to them.</div>

Gratitude in franchisor-franchisee relationships: does personality matter?

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the emerging relevance of gratitude within a contracted, long-term business-to-business context. Specifically, the authors examine the relationships between personality, gratitude and performance in franchisor–franchisee relationships.Design/methodology/approachA self-report survey was used to collect data from a sample of 225 franchisees drawn from across 28 franchise systems.FindingsThe results reveal that extraversion had a negative relationship with gratitude, while agreeableness and emotional stability were positively related to gratitude. Gratitude was also positively related to performance and mediated the relationship between extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability and performance. Moreover, the results confirm that relationship length moderated the relationship between conscientiousness and gratitude.Research limitations/implicationsThe study shows that an individual’s personality is a factor in determining the onset of perceived gratitude, which acts as a mediating mechanism between personality and performance. This extends current research into the relational sentiment of gratitude, which has, to date, only examined the traits of the benefactor within the context of perceived benefits.Practical implicationsIt is proposed that the knowledge of franchisees’ personal characteristics can be used to develop and maintain on-going interpersonal relationships between franchisees and franchisors. Moreover, the authors suggest that franchisors’ relationship strategy should be revised over time to maintain its effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first empirical examination of the influence of personality on an individual’s proclivity to experience felt gratitude in a franchisor–franchisee relationship. This addresses one of the major issues in franchising research, which often overlooks the role of individual dispositional personality traits.

Being grateful and biased: Felt gratitude as a cause of escalation bias in relational dilemmas

Despite the documented socio-relational benefits of gratitude, this emotion can be a liability in certain social situations. We examine whether experiencing gratitude in a relational dilemma, wherein individual relational concern and personal concern are in conflict with one another, will lead to escalation bias. Across five experiments (N = 1401), we find that, in a relational dilemma, when feeling grateful (vs. neutral) toward a friend, individuals exhibited escalation bias because their high relational concern preceded and trumped their personal concern. This identified psychological mechanism was robust when we controlled for a range of dispositional, relational, motivational, emotional, and situational factors. The implications for the study of gratitude, escalation bias and relational dilemmas are discussed.

Predicting adaptation to parenthood: The role of responsiveness, gratitude, and trust

AbstractThe influence of positive relationship processes, specifically perceived responsiveness, felt gratitude, and felt trust, on perceived adaptation to parenthood was investigated. It was hypothesized that both higher initial levels prior to pregnancy as well as increases over time in perceived responsiveness, felt gratitude, and felt trust predicted better adaptation to parenthood. Data from a five‐wave longitudinal study of 109 newlyweds who became parents during the course of the study were used. Results showed that baseline positive relationship processes before pregnancy positively predicted adaptation to parenthood up to 4 years later. Changes over time were even stronger predictors of adaptation. Positive relationship processes may buffer against stressors during challenging life transitions, improving one's own adaptation as well the adaptation of one's partner.

Feeling Thanks and Saying Thanks: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining If and How Socially Oriented Gratitude Journals Work.

This study examined the effect of a reflective interpersonal gratitude journal, a reflective-behavioral interpersonal gratitude journal and an active control journal, on primary qualities of well-being and depression. Participants (n = 192; 67.2% female) completed this 3-month longitudinal randomized controlled design. Participants in the reflective-behavioral condition experienced the greatest improvements in affect balance and reductions in depression at immediate posttest. Both gratitude interventions improved affect balance at 1 month, compared to the control. Changes in affect balance for those in the reflective-behavioral condition were mediated by the rate at which people expressed gratitude in their existing relationships. This effect was moderated by participant's baseline depressive status. Expressing felt gratitude to others appears to be a crucial step in deriving benefits, and these benefits may not be limited to the emotionally healthy. Given the applied popularity of gratitude interventions, understanding not only if but also how they work is essential.

Deletion of retroviral element THE1B in humanized mice abolishes placental expression of human corticotropin-releasing hormone

Gratitude is an emotion that promotes cooperative relationships and is elicited when an act reveals that an actor values the recipient, especially when the benefit conferred is greater than the recipient expected. But, recipient expectations might vary depending on how much the benefactor is perceived to value the recipient — all else equal, the greater the benefactor is perceived to value the recipient's welfare, the greater the recipient's expectations of benefit delivery. Thus, at a given benefit level, it might be easier to exceed the threshold of expectation in a relationship for which the recipient holds low expectations (e.g., a stranger) as compared to a relationship for which the recipient holds high expectations (e.g., a sibling). This leads to the prediction that cognitive representations of welfare valuation inversely correlate with gratitude: The greater the expected welfare valuation, the more difficult it is to exceed expectations of benefit delivery and, therefore, the less felt gratitude. To test this prediction, we conducted two experiments in which subjects estimated how much they perceived a particular person in their social network to value the subject's welfare. Next, subjects estimated how grateful they would feel if this person provided them with differing levels of benefits. Contrary to our model, we found that gratitude was predicted by the magnitude of the benefit, but not by the recipient's perception of the benefactor's valuation of the recipient.

Informal Care Provided by Family Caregivers: Experiences of Older Adults With Multimorbidity.

HOW TO OBTAIN CONTACT HOURS BY READING THIS ARTICLE INSTRUCTIONS 1.3 contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at http://goo.gl/gMfXaf. To obtain contact hours you must: 1. Read the article, "Informal Care Provided by Family Caregivers: Experiences of Older Adults With Multimorbidity" found on pages 24-31, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz. 2. Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study. 3. Go to the Villanova website listed above to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name; contact information; and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated. This activity is valid for continuing education credit until July 31, 2019. CONTACT HOURS This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated. Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. ACTIVITY OBJECTIVES 1. Describe how older adults with multimorbidity experience care provided from informal/family caregivers. 2. Identify how professional caregivers and health care providers can support informal/family caregivers. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Neither the planners nor the author have any conflicts of interest to disclose. Informal care given by family caregivers is an important part of the total care provided to older adults with multimorbidity. The current study aimed to describe how older adults with multimorbidity experienced care from family caregivers. Interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age = 86 years). Older adults with multimorbidity felt gratitude toward family caregivers for their willingness to help with everyday life and for representing their interests in contacts with health care providers. Family caregivers also had a significant impact on older adults' psychological well-being. However, the results also showed that older adults often felt they were a burden to their family caregivers and that their independence might be reduced. Older adults with multimorbidity should have the opportunity to be more involved in and have more influence over their health care so that they do not have to depend on representation by family caregivers. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(8), 24-31.].

Benefit valuation predicts gratitude

Gratitude is an emotion that promotes cooperative relationships and is elicited when an act reveals that an actor values the recipient, especially when the benefit conferred is greater than the recipient expected. But, recipient expectations might vary depending on how much the benefactor is perceived to value the recipient — all else equal, the greater the benefactor is perceived to value the recipient's welfare, the greater the recipient's expectations of benefit delivery. Thus, at a given benefit level, it might be easier to exceed the threshold of expectation in a relationship for which the recipient holds low expectations (e.g., a stranger) as compared to a relationship for which the recipient holds high expectations (e.g., a sibling). This leads to the prediction that cognitive representations of welfare valuation inversely correlate with gratitude: The greater the expected welfare valuation, the more difficult it is to exceed expectations of benefit delivery and, therefore, the less felt gratitude. To test this prediction, we conducted two experiments in which subjects estimated how much they perceived a particular person in their social network to value the subject's welfare. Next, subjects estimated how grateful they would feel if this person provided them with differing levels of benefits. Contrary to our model, we found that gratitude was predicted by the magnitude of the benefit, but not by the recipient's perception of the benefactor's valuation of the recipient.

Can an organization's philanthropic donations encourage consumers to give? The roles of gratitude and boundary conditions

AbstractThis study examines whether an organization's charitable donation will prompt consumers who closely identify with the organization to give to the charity as well. We posit that identifying with a benefactor will enhance the perception that consumers are involved in the donation process, which evokes grateful feelings. We also predict that the amount of the organization's donation will positively moderate the influence of organization identification on charity‐evoked feelings of gratitude, while attitude toward the organization's charity will positively moderate the gratitude–donation relationship. In Study 1, we show how gratitude arises in the context of corporate social responsibility by demonstrating the mediating role of perceived donation contribution in the relationship between organization identification and gratitude. In Study 2, we demonstrate that organization identification has a significant indirect effect on donation intention through gratitude. Multigroup analyses show that the identification–gratitude link is more salient when the organization commits to donating a larger amount of money to a charity. Furthermore, the impact of gratitude on donation intent is significantly stronger for individuals who hold a favorable attitude toward the organization's corporate social responsibility activity. Our findings indicate that an organization's charitable giving also encourages consumers to give to the community via vicariously felt gratitude. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Postmodernism as a problem for metaphysics

It would surely be a serious omission on my part were I to begin my remarks today without expressing a deeply felt gratitude to the Institute of Human Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an...

Reflections on the ICRC's present and future role in addressing humanitarian crises

While writing this opinion note about the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on the occasion of its 150th anniversary, I fondly remembered many encounters with ICRC colleagues over almost twenty years. During numerous field visits to hugely challenging environments, such as Darfur or Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, I have been privileged to witness the ICRC as an action-oriented agency that delivers humanitarian aid. Around the globe there are countless people who will tell you with deeply felt gratitude how the ICRC has saved their lives and helped them cope with immeasurable suffering caused by armed conflicts and violence. PERSPECTIVES ON THE ICRC Volume 94 Number 888 Winter 2012

Explaining Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Gratitude and Altruistic Values

Although a lot of research establishes consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility (CSR), little is known about the theoretical mechanisms for these reactions. We conduct a field experiment with adult consumers to test the hypothesis that the effects of perceived CSR on consumer reactions are mediated by felt gratitude and moderated by the magnitude of altruistic values held by consumers. Two classes of consumer reactions are considered: intentions to (1) say positive things about the company, and (2) participate in advocacy actions benefiting the company.

DOES FAITH CONTRIBUTE TO HEALING? SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR A CORRELATION BETWEEN SPIRITUALITY AND HEALTH

International Review of MissionVolume 90, Issue 356-357 p. 140-148 DOES FAITH CONTRIBUTE TO HEALING? SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR A CORRELATION BETWEEN SPIRITUALITY AND HEALTH Christoph Benn, Christoph Benn Dr Christoph Benn is a medical doctor working with the German Institute for Medical Mission. The author wishes to express his deeply felt gratitude to Prof. Troy W. Martin, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, for valuable advice and assistance with the translation of the original manuscript into English.Search for more papers by this author Christoph Benn, Christoph Benn Dr Christoph Benn is a medical doctor working with the German Institute for Medical Mission. The author wishes to express his deeply felt gratitude to Prof. Troy W. Martin, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, for valuable advice and assistance with the translation of the original manuscript into English.Search for more papers by this author First published: 25 March 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.2001.tb00270.xCitations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume90, Issue356-357January‐April 2001Pages 140-148 RelatedInformation

Acceptance of the 1999 A.N. Richards Award

Dear Bob, I am very honored and touched by your fine presentation. I have always worshipped our collaboration in science and I have always admired your excellent work in research. In addition to that, we have had a wonderful friendship during the years. It is also a great pleasure that others of my foreign colleagues and friends during the years—Dr. Giebisch and Dr. Windhager—have come here today, with an esteemed physiologist, Dr. Seldin. I also wish to address the representatives of the International Society of Nephrology—Dr. Andreoli and Dr. Weening—and express to them my deep felt gratitude for having chosen me as an awardee. My work with the active transport of sodium through membranes searched for a common denominator for all the membranes of the body, and I was happy that some of the excellent researchers in the function of the kidney found my work useful in their field. So of course it pleases me very much to have this honor from the ISN. I look back on my work with great gratitude and it is very moving to see my Danish colleagues and collaborators here. I wish to address a special thanks to my dear colleague, Dr. Erik Hviid Larsen, for the effort he has made to make this fine ceremony. My old master, August Krogh, gave me the following advice: “The study of the behavior of water in the living organism is too difficult. Stick to ions!” And so I did for several years and this was very fruitful. But over the years, the behavior of water has nevertheless puzzled me and I have discussed it with my colleagues. During the last years, Erik and I have challenged Krogh's statement together. It has been a pleasure to work together with Erik. We have published some articles on this subject which I hope will find acceptance sooner or later. A warm thanks also to Erik's collaborators from the August Krogh Institute who have worked hard on this event. I also wish to thank the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Alfred Benzon Foundation and the University of Copenhagen for their generous contribution to this fine arrangement. And finally, thanks to all of you for coming here on this fine summer day. I will keep this as a very warm memory.