Feet In Part Research Articles

Структура оперативних втручань при облітеруючому атеросклерозі нижніх кінцівок та аспекти реабілітації хворих з даною патологією

Актуальність. Захворювання серцево-судинної системи в більшості економічно розвинених країн займають лідируючі позиції серед причин захворюваності, інвалідизації та смертності. Смертність від захворювань серцево-судинної системи переважає над смертністю від усіх злоякісних новоутворень, разом узятих, причому, 25 % померлих від серцево-судинних захворювань – це люди працездатного віку. Атеросклероз (atherosclerosis) – хронічна хвороба, яка характеризується ліпоїдною інфільтрацією внутрішньої оболонки артерій еластичного й змішаного типів із наступним розвитком у їх стінці сполучної тканини та клінічно проявляється загальними й місцевими розладами кровообігу. Атеросклероз облітеруючий – різновид атеросклерозу, що характеризується різким звуженням або повним закриттям просвіту артерій. Він спостерігається, зазвичай, в артеріях нижніх кінцівок, серця, нирок і екстракраніальних відділах судин головного мозку. Мета дослідження – установити структуру оперативних утручань при облітеруючому атеросклерозі нижніх кінцівок та виявити головні аспекти, на які має бути спрямована реабілітація хворих із цією патологією. Методи дослідження – аналіз та синтез наукових джерел, аналіз медичних карт. Проведено аналіз 59 медичних карт хворих після оперативних втручань при облітеруючому атеросклерозі нижніх кінцівок. Проаналізовано структуру утручань і їх ускладнень протягом десяти місяців 2017 р. Критерій виключення – хворі з облітеруючим атеросклерозом нижніх кінцівок із цукровим діабетом. Результати дослідження. Такі хворі потребують реабілітаційного втручання залежно від стадії захворювання, типу оперативного втручання вже в ранньому післяопераційному періоді та в амбулаторних умовах. Особливої уваги потребують хворі після ампутації фаланг пальців, опорної частини стопи та ампутацій вище коліна. Адже при ампутації нижніх кінцівок значно порушується статика тіла, центр тяжіння переміщується в бік збереженої кінцівки. Як наслідок, нахил таза, що призводить до викривлення хребта й збільшення навантаження на збережену кінцівку, відбувається атрофія м’язів кукси. Значно знижується якість життя пацієнтів. Висновки. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що відсоток жінок із цим захворюванням є меншим, порівняно з чоловіками, проте він значний, що не зовсім збігається з попередніми дослідженнями та, очевидно, потребує вивчення причин росту цього захворювання серед жінок. Також установлено, що майже чверть пацієнтів із цим діагнозом поступили в хірургічне відділення в стадії деструктивних змін із характерними виразками в дистальних відділах кінцівки й пальцях, що призвело до їх ампутації.

Balance and Recovery From a Perturbation are Impaired in People With Functional Ankle Instability

To determine if differences in balance and recovery would be found between controls and participants with unilateral or bilateral functional ankle instability (FAI). Cross-Sectional Study. University laboratory and Community premises. Twenty healthy participants(C), 19 participants with unilateral FAI [both the uninjured (UC) and unstable ankle (UI) were included] and 22 participants with bilateral FAI (BI). Balance was measured in single leg stance as: number of part foot lifts in 30 s; magnitude of medio-lateral ankle movement in two foot positions; and ability to balance on the ball of the foot. Recovery was determined by time to return to baseline medio-lateral ankle movement after a 15 degree inversion perturbation. The controls lifted the foot fewer times than the other three groups [C = 12.7 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SE) foot lifts, UC = 22.9 +/- 2.5, UI = 25.1 +/- 2.3, and BI = 21.1 +/- 2.2, t-test, P = 0.006] and recovered significantly faster than the unstable ankles [C = 1.53 +/- 0.42 sec (median +/- SE), UI = 2.34 +/- 0.30 sec, BI = 2.15 +/- 0.70 sec, P < 0.02]. With FAI measured by the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, the external control group balanced on demi-pointe better than both instability groups (P < 0.05), and recovered quicker than all groups. There are differences in balance and recovery between external controls and participants with both unilateral and bilateral FAI but not between the legs of participants with unilateral FAI.

Geology and Petroleum Possibilities of West-Central New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Post-Precambrian rocks of this area include only strata of Mississippian and younger ages. Older Paleozoic rocks probably were deposited in west-central New Mexico, but were removed during various errosional cycles prior to Mississippian deposition. Thin remnants of Mississippian limestone occur in the Ladron, Lemitar, and Magdalena Mountains. Pennsylvanian sediments record a complex history of deposition and erosion, as they thin toward the west from almost 3,000 feet in the Ladron Mountains to zero over the buried ancestral Zuni Mountains. Permian evaporite, carbonate, and sandstone thicken southward from less than 1,000 feet in the Zuni Mountains to more than 2,600 feet in parts of Catron County. Triassic and Jurassic sediments also thin in this direction and are absen in southern Catron and adjacent parts of Socorro Counties. Sandstone and shale of Cretaceous age are exposed in large areas. Early Tertiary erosion caused thinning of these rocks toward the south and southwest. Thick sequences of Tertiary sediments and volcanics, rhyolitic to basaltic in composition, underlie considerable areas in Catron and Socorro Counties, and extensive Quaternary basalt flows cover large areas in central Valencia County. The best possibility for petroleum accumulation appears to be in unconformity traps in the Pennsylvanian east of the late Paleozoic ancestral Zuni uplift. Cretaceous sandstone and Permian carbonate and sandstone are secondary objectives in this and other parts of west-central New Mexico. The possibility of helium accumulation in the upper part of the Permian is an additional incentive for exploration in this area. End_of_Article - Last_Page 167------------

Facies Analysis of Upper Devonian Wabamun Group in West-Central Alberta, Canada

The Wabamun group, consisting mainly of carbonate rocks and anhydrite, increases in thickness westward from less than 500 feet in the Leduc and Stettler areas to approximately 1,800 feet in part of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. East of Leduc and north of Stettler, the Wabamun has been irregularly truncated by pre-Cretaceous erosion. For purposes of facies analysis the Wabamun is subdivided into four units: (1) basal unit including the lowermost evaporitic interval and lateral marine carbonate equivalents; (2) lower middle Wabamun representing the overlying interval to the top of the Crossfield dolomite in the Calgary area; (3) upper middle Wabamun including post-Crossfield and pre-Big Valley beds; and (4) upper Wabamun representing the Big Valley formation and approximate lateral equivalents. The evaporites and dolomites are dominant in the southeastern part of the map area, limestones in the northwestern part (and locally at the southwest), and fine to coarse crystalline dolomite in the intervening area. Evaporites and associated extremely fine-textured dolomites exhibit most widespread distribution in the basal Wabamun. The main evaporites extend northwest through Stettler to Leduc whereas the extremely fine-textured dolomites also occur farther northwest. In the middle Wabamun, the evaporites terminate a relatively short distance northwest and north of Stettler because of probable removal by solution and pre-Cretaceous erosion. Presumably middle Wabamun evaporites originally extended north beyond their present limit. During deposition of the basal and upper Wabamun units, a subsidiary evaporite province occurred in the foothills belt west of Calgary and may have extended north as far as the Clearwater River. Limestones range from calcilutites to calcarenites and exhibit incipient dolomitization that commonly imparts a mottled appearance to the rock. The calcarenites are generally of the pseudo-oolitic or pelletoid type, although bioclastic limestone is characteristic of the uppermost, and locally, of lower beds. The pelletoid limestones and calcilutites were deposited on a widespread bank on which slight restriction of the shallow waters promoted precipitation of calcium carbonate. Anhydrites and cryptocrystalline dolomite were precipitated in the Stettler-Drumheller area near the bank margin at the east, and the associated calcareous muds were diagenetically dolomitized to microsucrosic dolomite. Coarser (very fine to medium crystalline) dolomites are characteristic of a belt between the limestone province at the northwest and evaporites at the southeast. Local vuggy dolomite sections in this belt are interpreted to be possible reefs. Petroleum has accumulated in two main types of stratigraphically controlled traps within the Wabamun group. Facies change from porous secondary dolomites to relatively non-permeable equivalents approximately up regional dip (mainly eastward) is responsible for gas entrapment in the Okotoks-East Calgary-Olds trend of fields. In the Edmonton area, oil or gas has been localized in erosional hills made up of porous Wabamun dolomites at the pre-Cretaceous unconformity.

ALGA‐ AND LICHEN‐STABILIZED SURFACE CRUSTS AS SOIL NITROGEN SOURCES

ALGAE AND LICHENS contribute significantly to soil formation in a variety of ecological habitats. Algae have been investigated from the standpoint of nitrogen nutrition in desert (Fogg, 1947) and semidesert soils (Robbins, 1912; F'letcher and Martin, 1948), as a source of oxygen (Harrison and Aiyer, 1913) and nitrogen (Watanabe et al., 1951) in rice fields, and with respect to their possible value as pioneer vegetation in volcanic deposits (Treub, 1888). Soil algae are also recognized as an important agency in stabilizing surface crust in areas denuded of macro-vegetation by drought (Piercy, 1917; Drouet, 1937) or erosion (Elwell et al., 1939; Osborn, 1950) and in improving water infiltration (Booth, 1941). The present study investigates (a) the seasonal incidence of algal species in algaand lichen-stabilized soil crusts from several semi-arid habitats and (b) the amino nitrogen and combined nitrite and nitrate of these surface strata compared to subsurface levels. Observations are based mainly on soil samples collected from the Tularosa Basin in Lincoln and Otero Counties, southcentral New Mexico, from two strikingly contrasting xeric habitats. One, the Alamogordo White Sands (fig. 1), a deposit of drifting, 97 per cent gypsum, lies in the lowest part of the basin, covering an area approximately 28 miles long and 8 to 10 miles wide to a depth of 1000 ft. (Potter, 1938). The other, a recent lava flow, the Carrizozo malpais (fig. 2), extends northward along the main axis of the basin, filling a narrow valley 1/2 to 5 miles wide and 44 miles long to a depth of around 70 ft. toward the center and 10 to 20 ft. along the margins. In addition, samples were collected from that part of the Tularosa Basin immediately surrounding the gypsum sand deposit and the lava flow. This section of the basin floor varies from semidesert, alkaline plain adjacent to the gypsum deposit to typical overgrazed range land adjoining the lava flow on either side. Average annual precipitation in the Tularosa Basin, ranging from approximately 8 in. in the White Sands to 11 in. at the northern tip of the lava flow, is correlated mainly with altitude. The depth of the water table varies from 2 to 3 ft. in the gypsum flats to well over a hundred feet in parts of the surrounding basin floor. METHOD.-Soil crust and subsurface samples were collected in the dried condition from widely separated sections of the gypsum sand, the lava flow, and the surrounding basin floor. In the field,

Ground water in the Oklahoma Panhandle

An investigation begun in 1937 by the United States and the Oklahoma Geological Surveys, has shown that the depth to the water table in the Oklahoma Panhandle ranges from less than 25 feet in parts of major valleys to about 300 feet in parts of the uplands. In 8 upland areas the depth is between 50 and 100 feet. The thickness of the zone of saturation differs widely in these areas, the most promising of which totals about 80 square miles in northeastern Texas County. The pervious sands and gravels of the Ogallala formation, of Pliocene age, furnish most of the ground water, and one well yielding 960 gallons a minute from them has been used for irrigation since 1937. The formation ranges from less than 100 to more than 500 feet thick, the differences being due to relief on the pre-Ogallala topography and to post-Ogallala erosion. The alluvium is also an important source of water, as are the Dakota and Cheyenne sandstones, of Cretaceous age. A few wells yield water of variable quality from Jurassic and Triassic rocks, and many wells in the valleys of the eastern part of the area yield small supplies of highly mineralized water from Permian red beds.

Roman Fortifications in Yorkshire

RECENT evidence of the varied methods of construction adopted by the builders of Hadrian’s Wall (see NATURE, March 19, p. 505) lent additional interest to the account of the defensive system of Roman Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, which was presented to the Society of Antiquaries on March 24 by Mr. J. N. L. Myres and Miss Mary Kitson Clarke. This site, known to the Romans as Isurium Brigantium, was the capital city of the British tribe of the Brigantes, an important people, whose territory covered nearly the whole of the northern part of what is now England south of the Border. The excavation was carried out by Mr. Myres and Miss Clarke for the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. In the course of the excavation, it was found that the north-west wall did not run as shown in the Ordnance Survey map, but that its angle lay farther to the north-west. The main scheme of the defences, it was found, consisted of the wall itself, backed by a bank of clay and sand. This, however, was not constructed until the second century A.D. Previously there appears to have been no system of defence, and Roman occupation had been haphazard. Later, perhaps in the early part of the fourth century, a large bastion had been added to the angle, and at least one small bastion built on to the west wall, not far from the angle. Still preserved to a height of nine feet in parts is the lower story of an internal angle tower, which was a striking feature of the wall in its original form. This had supported some structure rising above the wall. Pottery indicates that a lean-to hut at the back of the tower was occupied in the third century. The excavations will be carried further in the coming season.

Earthquake Waves

THE observations at p. 385, on the operation of self-resisting tide-gauges of the U. S. Coast Survey, in illustrating the phenomena of earthquake waves, suggest the expediency of the same means being adopted in the basin of the Mediterranean. This could possibly, by a little correspondence and agitation, be effected at Naples, Athens, Constantinople, and Alexandria. The Turkish and Egyptian Governments are very likely to listen to any representations on behalf of the cause of science. Although the Mediterranean is considered tideless, there is a daily fluctuation of two feet in parts of the Levant, but what is material is that earthquake waves are known to have been manifested at Smyrna.