Pain Felt Research Articles

Chronicity of Violence Foretold: Toward an Integrated Theory of Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide social problem. The current study explores underlining mechanisms of phenomenon by tying together intergenerational transmission theory, socialization theory, and trauma theory. It learns from men how the father figure shaped by their childhood experiences has contributed to their violence, how the father's socialization to manhood has affected their intimate relations, and how they understand the effect of being exposed to the father's violence on their own intimate relationships and violence. Interviews with 25 Israeli men were analyzed thematically in the phenomenological approach. Thematic analysis revealed five themes describing men's experiences of their father's aggression and detachment; men's experience of their intimate relations; men's image of women; men's fear of being infected or conquered by their partners' emotionality; and an overarching theme describing the understanding that men and women are destined to live in an intractable conflict that only violence can end. The interviewees explained that when hardened detached men raised by violent fathers interact with an emotional woman, they experience painful feelings and are threatened by her emotionality; consequently, they will use violence against that threat to stop their pain. The findings support a multidimensional integrative perspective of IPV and call for a theoretical synthesis of these men's models of violence. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Acute Adrenal Insufficiency in Childhood: Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Picture, and Intensive Care

Introduction. Acute adrenal insufficiency (AAI) is a severe endocrinopathy whose victims include children and adolescents and which can be life-threatening despite its low incidence. Analysis of issues associated with intensive care of children with this pathology is of vital interest for pediatric anesthesiology and critical care medicine. The aim of this work was to assess current views on the etiopathogenesis, clinical pathology and intensive treatment of pediatric AAI.Materials and methods. The topic was researched by analyzing publications found in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Medscape using the following search terms: “acute adrenal insufficiency, children and adolescents, intensive therapy, fluid management”, with 65 published sources chosen.Results and discussion. In AAI, caused by a sharp deficiency of cortisol (and mineralocorticoids), which triggers an inflammatory reaction, electrolyte imbalance and hemodynamic disorders. AAI presents with dehydration, nausea and vomiting, feelings of pain, hypotension, tachycardia, seizures and impaired consciousness up to coma. Laboratory tests in children often reveal hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia. Intensive management of AAI in the ICU relies on parenteral corticosteroids (preferably intravenous hydrocortisone). Two or three days later, when the child is stable, they are switched to oral hormones. Meanwhile, fluid management is performed over 2 to 3 days to increase the circulating blood volume and relieve dehydration with crystalloid fluids.Conclusion. A clearer understanding of the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of AAI, along with knowledge of emergency care algorithms, will improve the quality of intensive therapy of pediatric patients with this condition.

Talking to Unconscious? - Therapeutic Communication During General Anaesthesia, Resuscitation and Therapy of Coma

There are numerous reports from patients concerning perceptions during deep unconsciousness, be it general anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary resuscitation or intensive care and coma treatment. These experiences can cause considerable traumatisation. The most stressful experience is apparently not feeling pain, but the lack of communication, i.e. being recognised and being able to express oneself. Although there are already indications of positive effects of positive communication during general anaesthesia, these findings have not yet markedly changed the way we deal with the unconscious.

«Теология боли Господа» Китамори Кадзо: основные идеи

Kitamori Kazoh (1916–1998) is considered to be one of the most prominent Ja­panese theologists, whose ideas had a wide response from abroad. His main work, “Theology of the Pain of God” (Kami no Itami no Shingaku), became a spiritual breakthrough for the Japanese after the WWII, signifying a new way of development of Christianity in Japan in the postwar period. Kitamori’s idea that people feeling pain and suffering can get closer to understanding God and His pain of loving the unlovable, i.e. sinners deserving His wrath, not love, re­flected the sentiments characteristic of the Japanese who had experienced atomic bombings and defeat in the war. “Theology of the Pain of God” gained much at­tention in the 1970-s with the spread of the so-termed genitive theology, on one hand, and the rise of the interest of theologians in the reevaluation of suffering, on the other. The article aims at analyzing the key statements of “the theology of the pain of God” by Kitamori Kazoh, and the historical and cultural context of its emergence. The author focuses on Kitamori’s idea of the pain of God as emerging on the joint of God’s wrath and God’s love, being the essence of God and the keypoint upon which Christian theology should be built; on the idea of the suffering of the mankind as a symbol of God’s pain, and on Kitamori’s supposition that the Japanese, as a people that has experienced great suffering and sorrow, is chosen by God and is much closer to the understanding of the pain of God and, consequently, of the essence of God

Play therapy: An effective approach to reduce anxiety in children with cancer

Cancer poses a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks as the second most common cause of death in children. Approximately 300,000 cases of cancer are diagnosed among children aged 0 to 19 every year [1]. The incidence of childhood cancer is increasing all over the world. A cancer diagnosis can cause serious psychological problems because cancer and admission to the hospital increase the feeling of pain, anxiety, and fear of death [2]. Children diagnosed with cancer often experience severe and persistent anxiety, which can have long-term effects on their well-being. The stress of being hospitalized, coupled with the limited understanding of their illness by medical professionals, the lack of effective coping strategies, and the pain resulting from invasive procedures and treatment regimens, all contribute to the anxiety experienced by these young patients [3].

Animated video reduces pain and anxiety during pin removal in children with supracondylar humerus fractures: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study; is to determine the level of pain and anxiety experienced by pediatric patients with operated humeral supracondylar fractures during pin removal, and to investigate the effectiveness of animated video impressions. This randomized controlled study included 180 patients aged between 4 and 12years. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1-control; Group 2-watched the introductory animation video before the procedure; Group 3-using analgesic before the procedure (ibuprofen 10mg/kg); Group 4-watched the introductory animation video and used analgesic before the procedure. To assess pain before randomization, before-during-after procedure, and at outpatient clinic controls; the Wong-Baker Pain Scale (WBS), modified CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale), and the child's heart rate were used. To assess anxiety; the Children's Anxiety Meter (CAM), The Short State Anxiety Inventory Scale (SAIS), and The Children's Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) were used. While a significant difference was detected between the groups in the tests performed at certain intervals (p < 0.001), no significant difference was detected between Groups 1-3 and Groups 2-4. The Modified CHEOPS and CEMS values obtained during the procedure showed significant variability between the groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, While a significant difference was detected between the groups in the WBS scores measured during the procedure (p < 0.001), it was observed that there was no significant relationship between Groups 1-3 and Groups 2-4 (p = 0.892, p = 0.820). Watching an introductory animated video before pin removal is an effective method to relieve the anxiety and pain felt in children with supracondylar fractures.

Healthy sexuality—not sexual health: for the sexual subject

The aim of this paper is to defend the emerging conceptualization of healthy sexuality (Bianchi in Figurations of Human Subjectivity: A Contribution to Second-Order Psychology. Springer, Berlin, 2020) against the traditional authoritative concept of sexual health as defined by the WHO. Becoming a sexual subject means following a sexual trajectory with episodes of one’s own bodily experiences, genital satisfaction, intimate attachment, acceptance of sexual identity, sexual pleasure, mutual sexual satisfaction and planned parenthood. In each of these episodes, the individual may experience feelings of pressure, fear, shame, pain and/or joy and pleasure. The extent to which the subject has a healthy sexuality depends on whether these feelings/emotions facilitate or inhibit healthy sexuality. The concept of healthy sexuality runs counter not only to quantitative statistical demographic measures of sexual health, but also to the existing arsenal of sexology questionnaires. Qualitative empirical research is being conducted into the facilitators and inhibitors of a healthy sexuality (in the first author’s PhD research).

Maternal Anxiety with Infant Pain During Immunization

Maternal and child health is still the target of health development programs in Indonesia. Immunization is important to prevent children from getting sick or even dying from certain diseases. The procedure for giving immunizations, most of which are by injection, is one of the reasons parents delay or even don't bring their children to be immunized because they can't bear to see their children cry. This study aimed to see the relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization. This research method was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Pakuan Baru Health Center Jambi on 115 respondents consisting of mothers and infant (0-12 months) who received injection-type immunization. Maternal anxiety was measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire and the infant's pain was observed with the FLACC behavioral tool. The results of Spearman's rho analysis obtained a p-value of 0,0001 (p-value&lt;0,05), which means that there is a significant relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization with a strong correlation (r=0,625). We hope that the results of this study become a concern for health workers, to reduce maternal anxiety to decreases infant's pain and in the end can increase immunization coverage which has an impact on improving children's health status.

EFFICIENCY OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION AND PIROXICAM TO ALLEVIATE PAIN DURING ORTHODONTIC TOOTH SEPARATION - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of TENS in comparison with TENS-Placebo and prophylactic Piroxicam (20 mg) for pain control before orthodontic tooth separation by Elastomeric separators, Brasswire and Kesling separators. Study design: 108 patients seeking orthodontic treatment were categorically administered extraoral TENS, TENS-Placebo and Piroxicam (20 mg) using Elastomeric, Kesling and Brasswire separators prior to their orthodontic treatment. The subjects were instructed to rate their pain 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the procedure on a Visual Analog Scale. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the mean VAS scores when TENS group was compared with Piroxicam. However, significant differences were found between the mean VAS scores when placebo TENS group was compared to the aforementioned groups. Maximum pain was perceived at 24 hours with elastomeric and Kesling springs, but brasswire separators were most painful 6 hours after placement altogether. At all time stamps, pain felt was significantly less with brasswire separators than elastomeric separators and Kesling springs. Conclusion: TENS was found to be equally effective in reducing pain as Piroxicam. TENS could be thus stated as an effective pain management modality which is safe, comfortable and easy to use and also eliminates adverse drug effects of NSAIDs like GI irritation and reduced orthodontic tooth movement.

Kombinasi Pemberian Sereh dan Kunyit terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri Kelas VII di SMP N 2 Kuta

Intoduction: Adolescence is a transition period marked by physical, emotional and psychological changes.Menstrual discomfort is one of the most frequent illnesses associated with menstruation. Non-pharmacological therapy is used to alleviate menstrual discomfort, specifically a combination of lemongrass and turmeric. The purpose of this study was to assess whether administering lemongrass and turmeric reduced the menstrual pain intensity felt by adolescent girls. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental research design using a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design and purposive sampling, involving 64 grade VII adolescent girls separated into two groups: the intervention and the control group. Pain intensty was assessed using a VAS (Visual Analog Scale) questionnaire.. Result: The results of This study’s findings obtained that the pretest p-value for the treatment group was 0.000&lt;0.05, indicating a difference in menstrual pain after the intervention. However, the post-test p-value for the control group was 1,000&gt;0.05, indicating no difference in menstrual pain in the control group. Mann Whiteny analysis yielded a p value of 0.00 (&lt;0.05), indicating that the combination of lemongrass and turmeric reduced menstruation pain felt by adolescent girls. Sugestion: It is intended that the combination of lemongrass and turmeric will be considered when delivering complete midwifery care to adolescent girls in order to minimize the menstrual pain intensity.

Prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young females of a medical college

BackgroundPlantar fasciitis, a common musculoskeletal disorder, is characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes. The plantar fascia plays a crucial role in supporting the arch of the foot and absorbing shock during movement. Factors such as excessive physical activity, improper footwear, and biomechanical abnormalities are recognized contributors to the development of plantar fasciitis. However, the prevalence and underlying causes may vary across different demographic groups, necessitating targeted investigations.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the prevalence, causes and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young female students (18–30) of a medical college in Pakistan and explore potential associations with high-heel footwear.MethodologyIn this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out, engaging 100 young females from a medical college. Employing a structured questionnaire, we assessed a spectrum of parameters, including heel pain symptoms, footwear habits, and available treatment options. The diagnostic precision of the Windlass test, specific to plantar fasciitis, was incorporated. Rigorous data analysis, utilizing SPSS, centered on discerning associations between the nuances of high-heel wear (considering types and duration) and the reported symptoms. This methodological framework ensures a comprehensive and precise exploration of the prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in our targeted demographic.ResultsAll the participants were female, and the total number was 100, of which 66% felt pain in the heel when they wore high heels. Out of this 66%, only 6% are diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. The rest of the 60% have pain in the heel due to different causes such as heel spurs, stress fractures, etc. 2% of people receive treatment with steroid injections, and 12% are treated with ice.ConclusionWe conclude that the prevalence of plantar fasciitis is high in females wearing high heels. This study reveals that an increase in the total duration of wearing high heels with hard soles increases the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis can be prevented by education and applying ergonomics and could be treated by steroids and the ice method, according to medical practitioners.

Atraumatic care practice from the child and parent perspective: The case of a pediatric phlebotomy unit

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of the child's self-selected distraction methods used during the phlebotomy procedure on the feeling of fear and pain in children and parental satisfaction. MethodsThe study, planned as a randomized controlled trial, was conducted with 219 children aged 5–10 years and their parents in the pediatric phlebotomy unit between March and June 2023. Different distraction methods (foam balloon, stress ball, musical book) were applied to the children in the intervention group during the phlebotomy procedure. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 package program. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the children in the intervention and control groups on the Children's Fear Scale before the phlebotomy, and on the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale after phlebotomy according to self- and parental assessment (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the satisfaction levels of the parents after the procedure in the intervention and control groups with the health care service provided during the phlebotomy process (p < 0.05). ConclusionDistraction methods, one of the atraumatic nursing interventions used before the phlebotomy procedure, were determined to be effective in reducing the child's fear and the pain experienced due to the procedure. The study also showed that the satisfaction of parents was positively affected by the atraumatic care provided to their children. Practice implicationsThe atraumatic care approach should be used to prevent anxiety and fear experienced by parents and children and to reduce the child's pain.

Nursing Care for Mrs. W with Dyspepsia Diagnosis

Dyspepsia is a clinical condition that can cause limb pain, such as flatulence, fullness, nausea, and vomiting. Dyspepsia is one of the non-communicable diseases and not only occurs in Indonesia but also in other parts of the world. This study aims to provide an overview of the implementation of Nursing Care in patients with dyspepsia diagnoses in the Old Jimbaran Room, Sumber Kasih Hospital, Cirebon City. The method used is a case study approach. The subject in this case study was one patient with a medical diagnosis of dyspepsia in the inpatient room. The results of the study showed that the management of nursing care in patients with a medical diagnosis of dyspepsia in fulfilling basic needs with dyspeptic nursing problems carried out the intervention of deep breath relaxation techniques with a frequency of 15 times with a time of approximately 10--15 minutes, the intervention was carried out when the patient felt pain, the results of the patient's pain level were reduced from pain scale 6 (moderate) to pain scale 3 (mild). From the results of nursing care that has been made and interventions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that deep breath relaxation techniques are effective in reducing the pain scale from 6 (moderate) to a pain scale of 3 (mild). These non-pharmacological techniques can be used as a companion to pharmacological therapy.

Substance use as subtext to health narratives: Identifying opportunities for improving care from community member perspectives

ObjectiveTo analyze patient and caregiver narratives addressing experiences related to substance use and substance use disorder (SUD). MethodsThirty audio-narratives from the MyPaTH Story Booth archive addressed substance use between 5/20/2016 and 2/24/21. Two coders established an average Cohen’s kappa statistics of 0.81 over 16 stories. The primary coder coded and summarized additional narratives and conducted content and thematic analyses. The final analytic sample addressed perspectives of individuals with SUD, caregivers for individuals with SUD and individuals who have used opioids to manage pain. ResultsStorytellers’ average age was 51, 55 % were female and 85 % were white. Participants with SUD and caregivers described frustration with the current treatment system, reported limited treatment of SUD in medical settings, and noted relying on community-based groups for ongoing care. Individuals with chronic pain felt stigmatized and resented perceived restrictions on pain treatment due to the opioid epidemic. ConclusionsUnstructured narratives provide insights into the lived experiences of people impacted by SUD. Participants reported struggling with the effects of SUD and failing to find adequate treatment from the medical system. Stories highlight SUD-related stigma. Practice implicationsUnderstanding patient and caregiver perspectives related to SUD can be a critical step towards developing effective interventions.

A Rare Complication in the Oral Local Infiltration Anesthesia.

The present report describes a rare complication named Kuhn anemia, which happened during local infiltration anesthesia of maxillary wisdom tooth. A 24-year-old male was referred for residual crown of left maxillary wisdom tooth and therefore required extraction. Oral examination revealed a buccal impacted left maxillary wisdom tooth (28), severe caries affecting the dental pulp, and pain with percussion. This case was diagnosed as impacted wisdom tooth 28 and pulpitis. Thus, the authors performed an extraction of the 28. After injection of articaine hydrochloride (68mg:1.7mL) containing epinephrine (1:100,000) as local anesthetic, the patient felt pain and heat in the left cheek, and an irregularly shaped pale area appeared on the left cheek. The authors stopped the surgery and comforted him. After a 30-minute break, the cheek turned normal, and abnormal sensation was no longer felt.

‘Does this hurt?’: feminism, pain and the problem of reification

Feminist debates around sex have often revolved around the vexed question of whether women can achieve genuine pleasure under patriarchy. Some ‘sex-negative’ feminists have claimed that the entire debate around ‘pleasure under patriarchy’ rests on an ontological mistake: when women say that they experience sexual pleasure with men, what they mean by ‘pleasure’ is actually pain. On this view, pain is assumed to have an objective existence regardless of whatever the subject is experiencing. Positing such a gap between ‘feeling pain’ as a subjective state of affairs and ‘being in pain’ as an objective fact presupposes a ‘detectivist’ theory of subjectivity, whereby the subject is taken to relate to her pain as a reified object. Examining how detectivism has haunted different feminist traditions – from 1970s feminist consciousness-raising and MacKinnon's anti-sex feminism, to contemporary feminist critiques of liberal consent – I argue that a detectivist theory of subjectivity limits the critical horizon of a feminist politics of pain: it ends up politicising marginalised pain only at the cost of falsifying the subjective nature of pain itself.

The resisted torsional stress test in diagnosis of femoral stem loosening in uncemented total hip arthroplasty - first description and retrospective study.

Aseptic femoral stem loosening is among the most common causes for revision in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We describe a simple clinical test that triggers pain in the proximal femur in patients with a loose stem. A previously described passive rotation test was associated with a poor sensitivity. The resisted torsional stress test (RTST) was used for several years in our hospital, and this is the first description of its reliability. We retrospectively reviewed our database of uncemented stem revisions. Preoperative clinical reports were searched for data on the RTST. A positive RTST was defined as sharp pain felt at the stem level with active internal rotation against a passive external rotation impulse in 90° hip flexion. The definition of stem fixation (fixed vs. loose) was made by readout of the surgery reports. The RTST was reported in 83 cases and was positive in 32 of the 43 stems, which were found loose intraoperatively and in 9 of the 40 stems, which were well integrated. This leads to an accuracy of classification of 79.5%. The sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 79.1%. PPV and NPV were 78% and 81%, respectively. The RTST provides a helpful tool in the clinical assessment of femoral stem fixation in THA with good accuracy and should be included in standard follow-up examinations and in the assessment of painful THAs.

Unique Profile of Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome in Breast Cancer Patient in an Oncologic Center Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (PMPS) is chronic neurophatic pain that is localized around the surgical site and can occur immediately or some time after surgery and lasts up to more than three months. Breast cancer is the most malignancy in women worldwide. Mastectomy is one of the treatment options for breast cancer that is often performed. Goal: This research aims to provide an overview of the profile of breast cancer patients who experience PMPS at the Oncology Clinic at RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya in Desember 2023. Method: This research uses a cross sectional to all breast cancer patients who experience PMPS. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We present our data descriptively in the tabulation of diagrams and tables. Results: Based on the quality of pain, most patients complained of radiating pain (52.7%), followed by stinging (33.33%), and dullness (14%). Pain was mainly felt at the surgical area (94%) with the remaining 6% feeling pain in ipsilateral arm. A total 108 samples (60%) answered that they felt pain continously, and most of samples (86.7%) had a history of taking anti-pain medication to reduce complaints. Only about 36% of the samples said that pain improved over time. Conclusion: At the Tertiary Oncologic Centre in Surabaya, most post-mastectomy pain syndrome patients were older, with luminal A type, and at higher TNM stages. The majority reported pain radiating from the surgery site, typically manifesting more than six months after the surgery.

The Effect of Ondansetron on Improvement of Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea Domination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a deliberating and chronic condition that can impair social activities. Determining proper medication with satisfactory outcomes has been a challenge. The 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3 RA) drugs have demonstrated favorable outcomes on IBS-D in the last 3 decades. Ondansetron, also a 5-HT3 RA is known as an antiemetic. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron in IBS-D. In this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, patients with IBS-D were recruited. Patients were randomized on a 1:1 ratio and assigned into two groups: imipramine 25 mg/daily plus ondansetron 4 mg/3 times per day and imipramine 25 mg/daily plus placebo. The primary endpoint was the frequency of diarrhea per day after 8 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints consisted of changes in the frequency of defecation urgency per day, the number of days with gastrointestinal pain and bloating, and the patients' overall satisfaction regarding bowel habits after 8 weeks of the treatment. Data from 98 patients were analyzed. Ondansetron, compared to placebo, improved the primary outcome, and the stool consistency was increased significantly (3.29±1.19 vs 4.55±1.17, P<0.001). Moreover, the response rate for the diarrhea frequency was significantly higher in the ondansetron group compared to the placebo (77.5% vs 34.7%, P<0.001). In the ondansetron group, fewer urgencies were experienced, and pain severity and feeling of bloating declined as well (P<0.01). Ondansetron can mitigate almost all IBS-D-related symptoms, which may indicate it as a drug of choice; however, further evidence is required to ascertain its safety.

Impact of collegial midwifery assistance during second stage of labour on women’s experience: a follow-up from the Swedish Oneplus randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo compare experiences of the second stage of labour in women randomised to assistance by one or by two midwives to reduce severe perineal trauma (SPT).DesignAnalysis of a secondary outcome...