Feelings Of Energy Research Articles

Decision-making under heat stress: Examining risk-taking and reflection impulsivity dynamics in the context of fatigue and vitality

Introduction & Purpose Acute high temperatures and physical activity induce physiological and psychophysiological stress (Périard et al., 2021). In athletes or professions like firefighting, core body temperatures often exceed 38.5 °C (Barr et al. 2010; Schmit et al., 2017). In this hyperthermic state, firefighters must make critical decisions impacting their safety and that of others. This study investigated the effects of heat stress (passive alone or combined with walking) on decision-making, focusing on reflective impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour. Secondly, we examined how both heat stressors (passive and active) impact subjective feelings of fatigue and vitality, and we explored how fatigue and vitality levels moderate these effects. Methods A sample of 36 healthy men (age: M = 26.94, SD = 3.25) participated in a repeated measures design with two experimental groups equipped with firefighting clothing. They were exposed to either passive heat stress (EG1) or a combination of passive and active heat stress (EG2), and a control group (CG) receiving no heat and physical stress. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) for risk-taking behaviour and the Beads Task (BT) for reflection impulsivity were applied to test cognitive performance. Thermal comfort (TC), thermal sensation (TS), rating-of-fatigue (Micklewright et al., 2017) and vitality (Buchner et al., 2022) were recorded every five minutes. Passive heat stress was induced through sauna exposure (30 min, 60 °C; 40% relative humidity). Additionally, the EG2 performed two subsequent walks on the treadmill to reach 38.5 °C body core temperature (à 20 min). Cognitive tests were performed before heat exposure (T1), after sauna (T2) and after subsequent activity in EG2 or after an equally long rest period in EG1 (T3). CG watched a documentary. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analysed the effects of group and time on reflection impulsivity (Draws to Decision [DTD]), risk-taking behaviour (pumps), fatigue, and vitality. Results This study found no significant changes for EG1 and EG2 over time (p = .37, p = .43) in reflection impulsivity (DTD) or risk-taking behaviour (pumps) across different heat conditions (p = .58, p = .84) and interaction (p = .38, p = .93) compared to CG. Including random slopes for random effect of time across fatigue (p < .001) or vitality (p = .001) resulted in a significant deterioration of the model. EG1 showed a significant increase in fatigue to T2 compared to the CG (p < .001) and to T3 (p < .001). In EG2, fatigue increased significantly to T3 (p = .022). In EG1, vitality decreased significantly to T2 (p = .002), and to T3 (p = .020). Including TC as random effect improved the overall model fit significantly (p = .005). Discussion and Conclusion Passive heat stress increased fatigue, and decreased vitality in EG1. However, walking in EG2 prevented this vitality decline, suggesting a protective effect of physical activity. Thermal comfort influenced both fatigue and vitality. Interestingly, neither reflective impulsivity nor risk-taking behaviour were affected by heat stress or changes in fatigue and vitality.

WELL-BEING: THREATS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Were one to be asked to think about well-being, his or her mind would probably wander among images of harmony, happiness or satisfaction. Others might focus on physical health, conjecture on the achievement of personal goals or conceive of well-being by negation: as the absence of illness, negative emotions or worries. Yet, this would be all but a complete picture. It is in fact possible to think of well-being as a far more complex phenomenon: something other than comforting and fleeting emotions, and different from mere individual feelings of joy or vitality. Well-being may be considered first and foremost as a social issue, pertaining to the composition of conflicting values and the fulfilment of collective needs. All the more so, against the background of global phenomena such as climate change and economic inequality, well-being cannot be reduced to a patchwork of good emotions or to the absence of disease or social unrest. The interconnected and quick transformation of contemporaneity calls for a trans-individual and multidimensional understanding of the concept: encompassing the fields of physical, mental, and social health.

The intergenerational transmission of military trauma and Winnicott’s principle of being: confusion in the sense of aliveness and deadness

ABSTRACT This work elucidates the unconscious destruction of a sense of being as a result of an obliteration (in the first generation due to direct exposure to military trauma) and rejection (in the second generation due to this trauma being intergenerationally transmitted) of the internal connection with the female element – as conceptualised by Winnicott in his book, ‘Playing and reality’. The rejection of this aspect of the psyche, which is responsible for the experience of aliveness and being, causes the subject significant confusion in the sense of aliveness and deadness. The result is that survivors of both generations become threatened by a sense of aliveness and being – by life itself. Everything that causes a sense of richness, fullness, intensity, a feeling of vitality and existence, is perceived to be a threat, resulting in an unconscious need to reject such states. These dynamics are explored in the case of an adolescent boy who was experiencing anxiety about becoming a paedophile. His fear, as signified by the image of a paedophile, rather than being a response to the difficulties of his developing sexuality, could be understood as connected to his father’s dissociated war trauma (the fear that he might have killed children), and also to a dissociative imperative to obliterate psychic affiliation with a quiet state of being.

Physical Activity and Fatigue Symptoms: Neurotypical Adults and People with Chronic Multisymptom Illnesses.

For neurotypical adults, a single bout of low-to-moderate intensity physical activity usually transiently improves feelings of energy. Similar bouts of exercise have the opposite effect of increased feelings of fatigue when performed by samples with chronic multisymptom illnesses (CMIs) such as Long-COVID, Gulf War Illness (GWI), or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The short-term adoption of regular moderate intensity physical activity (typical experiments are 1 to 6months) among neurotypical adults results in small-to-moderate improvements in self-reported feelings of fatigue, energy, and vitality. Small improvements in these feelings, or no change at all, occur for CMIs, but limited data precludes strong conclusions. The mechanisms of exercise effects on fatigue, whether acute or chronic, are poorly understood but likely involve multiple neural circuits and associated transmitters. For CMIs, the mechanisms of acute worsening of fatigue with exercise may be driven by the yet unknown pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease (perhaps involving brain, immune and autonomic system dysfunction, and their interactions). Likewise, fatigue improvements may depend on whether chronic physical activity is a disease-modifying treatment.

Survey the effectiveness of education based on message framing through mobile phone on women’s physical activity

BackgroundPhysical activity in female employees is a healthy behavior and increases strength, endurance, improves flexibility, improves the feeling of vitality and freshness, improves health, and ultimately increases life expectancy. Health messages are one of the most effective ways to engage people and motivate them to perform healthy behaviors. The purpose of this study was to the study of the effectiveness of education based on message framing through mobile phone (whatsapp) on the physical activity of women employees of universities and higher education institutions in Ahvaz city.MethodIn this interventional study, 90 of female employees of three universities and higher education institutions of Ahvaz city were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into three groups (30 participants) receiving gain framed messages, receiving loss framed messages and the control group. The tools of data collection were demographic information questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The participants of the intervention groups received educational messages about physical activity behavior in two different gain and loss framed messages through whatsapp for one month. Data were collected from three groups at the beginning of the study, immediately and two months after the intervention, and were analyzed using SPSS version 26.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant increase in the average physical activity score after the intervention in two interventional groups. by comparing the increase of this score, 53% improvement in physical activity is observed in the gain message group and 15% in loss massage group but there was no significant increase in the control group.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the design and implementation of education programs based on message framing, especially gain framed messages through online education (Whatsapp) can improve and promote physical activity behavior in women employees.

Are You So Good That They Cannot Ignore You? Effect of Coworker Support on Knowledge Sharing Through an Affective Events Theory Perspective

Drawing on affective events theory, this study considers knowledge sharing as an outcome of emotional responses resulting from an individual’s experience of workplace events. This study aimed to empirically examine how coworker support as a work event encourages employees’ knowledge contribution and knowledge-seeking behaviors through feelings of vitality. A structured, questionnaire-based survey was administered to 430 employees of knowledge-based organizations in India. The retrieved data were further analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceived coworker support positively influences the knowledge contribution and knowledge-seeking behavior of individuals in the workplace. Furthermore, vitality mediated the positive association between perceived coworker support and knowledge sharing. This implies that the perception of coworker support in the workplace augments employees’ feelings of vitality, which further motivates them to contribute to and seek knowledge from coworkers. Therefore, this study critically underscores the existence of a “performance loop” in knowledge sharing, as coworkers find it difficult to bypass an employee because of their outstanding performance and the fact that the same virtuous cycle elicits greater knowledge sharing by coworkers. Such perceived goodwill makes employees so good that they cannot be ignored within an organizational setting. This is a pioneering study investigating how coworker support in the workplace stimulates knowledge sharing among employees by considering the mediating effect of feelings of vitality. This study also contributes to the positive psychology and knowledge management literature by revealing the implications of vitality for extra-role behaviors such as knowledge sharing.

«Disrespect for religious people’s feelings» as the aim of offences against freedom of religion (Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): problems of legislative technique

The article concerns the topic of rightness of the lawmaker regarding disrespect for religious peoples feelings as the aim of offences against freedom of religion. As research material the provisions of Article 148, 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation were used applying which causes corresponding problems. The chosen topic relevance is explained by the questions as to application of Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provoked by its change in 2013. Science novelty is attributed to lack of theoretical research of the juridical-technique drafting and application features of provisions concerning offences against freedom of religion. The research purpose is to analyse the aim factor of disrespect for religious peoples feelings as regards fulfilment of the quality requirements of the law, principles of justice and equal treatment under the law. Based on regulations of the criminal-law science the problems of legislative technique relating to the aim of disrespect for religious peoples feelings are demonstrated. The creators have expressed the opinion that non-standard use of the term disrespect to describe mens rea, not actus reus and also generic nature of the religious peoples feeling criterion are not defects. Particular recommendations were proposed that allow defining whether it was attempted to defile religious values. It was concluded that the most important shortcoming of the current legislative definition of the disrespect for religious peoples feelings aim is that it causes unreasonable inequality of religious people and atheists, religious and other socially vital feelings under the criminal law.

Incentives behind and Experiences of Being Active in Working Life after Age 65 in Sweden

Since individual and societal expectations regarding the possibility of an extended working life after the expected retirement age are increasing, research on sustainable working life combined with healthy ageing is needed. This study explores the incentives behind and experiences of an extended working life after the expected retirement age of 65 among Swedish people. The inductive qualitative content analyses are based on 18 individual semi-structured interviews among persons 67-90 years old with varying characteristics and varying experiences of extended working lives. The analyses revealed that working contributed to (1) sustained internal resources, i.e., cognitive function, physical ability and increased vigor; (2) sustained external resources, i.e., social enrichment, better daily routines and economic benefits; (3) added meaningfulness to life, i.e., being needed, capability and satisfaction with working tasks. Meanwhile, having flexible working conditions enabled a satisfying balance between work and leisure. Altogether, these different aspects of overall health and working life were interpreted as contributing to increased feelings of vitality, the innermost dimension of health. Conclusions: regardless of biological age, our results indicate that being able to remain active in working life can be beneficial to vitality and could make these results valuable for both health-care personnel and employers.

Psychopathology of psychiatric patients presenting autoantibodies against neuroglial antigens.

Autoantibody-mediated psychiatric disorder is often difficult to diagnose as the clinical features of psychiatric disorder associated with neural autoantibodies are often similar. Thus, it is of major relevance to investigate whether psychopathology can differentiate between both disease entities as a biomarker and help us in searching for specific autoantibodies associated with psychiatric symptoms. We enrolled 154 patients of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Medical Center Göttingen with psychopathology data and retrospectively evaluated their patient records using the classification systems AMDP (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie) and HiTOP (Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology). We identified 35 psychiatric patients revealing autoantibodies in their serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 119 with no autoantibodies. Relying on the AMDP system, many more psychiatric patients with serum autoantibodies (51%) had problems with orientation than those without autoantibodies (32%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, fewer psychiatric patients with serum autoantibodies exhibited a blunted affect (11.4 vs. 32.8%, p < 0.01) and affective rigidity (20 vs. 45%, p < 0.01). In particular, psychiatric patients presenting CSF autoantibodies (indicating an autoimmune symptomatic basis) experience more loss of vitality (5%) than those without autoantibodies (0%) (p < 0.05). Another interesting finding is that according to the AMDP classification, a manic syndrome is much more frequent in autoantibody-positive (8.6%) than autoantibody-negative psychiatric patients (0.8%) (p < 0.05). Another aspect is the more frequent occurrence of attention and memory deficits in patients with autoantibodies against intracellular targets compared with targets on the membrane surface. Our findings indicate that neural autoantibodies in psychiatric patients could indicate a phenotype more often characterized by a manic syndrome, orientation disturbances within the cognitive spectrum, and fewer affect disturbances characterized by less blunted affect and not as seriously impaired feelings of vitality compared to controls. The novelty of our approach is the extensive autoantibody tests for various psychiatric syndromes in combination with a profound psychometric measurement with two different scales.

The Therapist as an Ally of Lost Good Objects

The present article addresses the therapeutic potential of salvaging the historic good object and its revival in the patient's mind. This goal is particularly challenging in the context of psychotherapy conducted with adolescents and adults who have a background of relational trauma, when the approaches and histories of both patient and therapist are liable to join forces and bring about a split: between seeing significant objects from the patient's past as essentially bad and seeing the therapist as all good. One of the potentially troublesome outcomes of this situation is the danger of a Gordian knot being created, between the perception of the historic object as all bad and the parallel and persistent experience of the individual as undeserving, destructive, and devoid of love. To loosen this knot, which would allow feelings of vitality and hope to take root, it is important to salvage the historic good object of both participants in the therapeutic encounter. These issues will be illustrated by means of a case study of psychotherapy conducted with an adolescent.

Stair walking effects on feelings of energy and fatigue: Is 4-min enough for benefits?

Even low intensity exercise bouts of at least 15 min can improve feelings of energy (FOE) and reduce systolic blood pressure. However, little is known about the psychological outcomes of briefer exercise bouts, particularly for modes of exercise that are more intense than level walking, and readily available to many working adults. This study assessed the effects of a 4-min bout of stair walking on FOE and feelings of fatigue (FOF). Thirty-six young adult participants were randomized to either stair walking or seated control groups. All participants walked on level-ground from a laboratory to a nearby stairwell (~90 s) and were seated for 4 min before beginning their experimental condition. Stair-walking participants walked up and down one flight of 16 stairs at their own pace for 4 min, while control participants remained seated during that time. Participants walked back to the laboratory for post-condition assessments. Measures of blood pressure, heart rate, rated perceived exertion (RPE), and the intensity of feelings of mental energy, mental fatigue, physical energy, and physical fatigue were assessed pre-and post-condition. Separate one-way ANOVAs were conducted on change scores for all variables. The stair climbing group experienced significant increases in heart rate [F(1,34) = 13.167, p < 0.001] and RPE [F(1,34) = 93.844, p < 0.001] that were not observed in the seated control group. Four minutes of self-paced stair climbing resulted in small changes and non-significant differences within and between groups in blood pressure as well as FOE and FOF. Although a 4-min self-paced exercise bout can convey short-term physiological health benefits, a 4-min bout of self-paced indoor stair walking in a stairwell was insufficient to lower blood pressure or change subjective FOE and fatigue in a sample that exhibited better than typical FOE and FOF at the pre-test.

Being Inspired by Media Content: Psychological Processes Leading to Inspiration

ABSTRACT In proposing a model of three processes triggered by media content – evocation, transcendence, and motivation – this study seeks to define what kinds of media content can lead to a state of inspiration. Specifically, during the evocation process, media content moves people and then provokes their thoughts to a greater extent; in the transcendence process, it generates more hopeful feelings and then elicits a greater sense of self-expansion; and in the motivation process, media content generates more feelings of vitality and then motivates people to act like the characters (i.e., emulate them) to a greater degree. All three multi-stage routes might lead to greater inspiration. Two pilot studies identify three common content themes that inspire people, such that they demonstrate people’s moral virtues, transformation (i.e., overcoming difficulties through perseverance despite adversity), and creativity. The experiment in Study 1 tests the proposed process model using feature stories in news programs that demonstrate moral virtues, transformation, and creativity by exemplars. A second experiment in Study 2 provides a further test by comparing competition shows that involve different levels of creativity (cooking, singing, quizzes). Media content involving more creativity inspires viewers to a greater degree, through all three processes.

Витальность музыки: от истоков к реалиям нон-классики

The subject of the article is the phenomenon of vitality in music. It is considered as a generic feature of music dating back to its origins and early forms. The historical evolution of musical vitality is briefly described, presented on individual examples, starting from the late Baroque, the works by I. Haydn, L. Beethoven, R. Wagner, A. Scriabin up to D. Shostakovich and the composers of the second half of the 20th — first third of the 21st centuries, to whom the main attention is paid. The purpose of the article is to identify specific, relatively stable forms of vitality’s manifestation which materialize both in individual elements of the musical language (such, for example, is the new monody that arose with the birth of opera at the beginning of the 17th century), and in integral phenomena of a systematic order. Among the stylistic events of the second kind, the article is specifically examined the concept of creation, the gesture of birth. Gradually, it crystallizes in music as thematic constant (based on biblical mythology, as in Haydn’s Creation of the World oratorio), but eventually emancipates from the plot basis, acquiring the universal significance. The result of the research is the identification of the mythological origins of the concept of creation; in some cases they come to the forefront (Introduction to the opera The Rhinegold by Wagner; Stimmung for six vocalists and electronics by K. Stockhausen). Another version of the concept of creation is formed in line with the romantic tradition. Then the birth of the world is associated with the lonely voice of the hero — the initial monologue of the solo instrument dramatically opposed to the orchestral mass (works of the concert genre by A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, W. Lutosławski, B. Tishchenko, E. Denisov). In all such cases, the heightened sense of vitality is enhanced by special performing techniques. In the new music, the concept of creation is further developed and logically completed. The gesture of creation is no longer answered by the final statement of existence but by the gesture of destruction, annihilation of sound material — attenuation, acoustic extinction. The feeling of vitality in such compositions is specific, since musical material lives in them according to its own laws as if it doesn’t need a mirror of the subject (large orchestral compositions by Ch. Ives, Ya. Ksenakis, V. Tarnopolsky). The new music “brings to play” other non-classical aspects of vitality associated with threshold states on the verse of life and death. Starting with I. Stravinsky’s ballet The Rite of Spring the vitality of transgression becomes a noticeable phenomenon of contemporary music.

Covid-19, catastrophic lockdown, and a couple retreat

This article will discuss the adverse impact of Covid-19 and the simultaneous move to online work on couples struggling with narcissistic difficulties and claustro– agoraphobic dilemmas. A move from the vitality of increased contact during prepandemic therapy to the safety of a psychic retreat during lockdown will be described and illustrated by a case. The question of what kind of object online therapy is (too close or too far away) will be discussed, and the disruptive effect of the rupture to the frame will be outlined. The importance of mourning during the pandemic will be reflected on as, in some cases, previous feelings of vitality, movement, and closeness were difficult to keep alive.

THE VISIONARY FROM WACKYLAND: BOB CLAMPETT’S EARLY FILMS

Taking the example of early films by Bob Clampett, one of the most important animators of Classical Hollywood cinema, the paper explores the dichotomy between the so-called artistic animation and animation as a product of the Hollywood assembly lines and mass production system. While the former is seen as a proper art form and has a venerable treatment in animation studies, the latter is underappreciated, neglected and often dealt with in a patronizing way. This dichotomy is the main reason why the field of animation studies is very often elitist and full of biased and unbalanced approaches, wherein modernist works are seriously analysed, while the lighter, entertainment-oriented Hollywood fare is dismissed with condescension. However, as also argued by Fawell, the light touch and elegance of these films today makes them among the most significant works to come out of Hollywood. Bob Clampett directed 87 films in his career and the present paper deals with his early phase, namely the 40 Looney Tunes, which were all made in black-and-white and starred Porky. Although his later phase is beyond doubt more important and considered today among the most intriguing contributions to Hollywood animation, many of his early works also brim with energy and a feeling of vitality. Clampett's early phase has so far been inadequately explored, but is also of immense importance for any serious analysis of the development of his style.

A Qualitative Analysis of UK Wetland Visitor Centres as a Health Resource.

The health benefits associated with spending time in natural environments have been highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns and restrictions to safeguard public health have exacerbated the pre-existing mental health crisis and rise of non-communicable diseases. Thus, the importance of nature as a health resource has been elevated, hastening calls for a better understanding of how health benefits might differ across user groups and nature provisions. In this regard, urban green spaces have become the greatest research focus; however, blue spaces, especially inland freshwater (e.g., wetlands), remain less studied. First-hand user experiences are also under-represented. This exploratory study examines the motivations and benefits of active wetland centre users in the UK, both during and after visits. Responses to three open-ended questions were collated online from 385 participants, and a qualitative content analysis was conducted based on an existing taxonomy from users of urban green spaces. The results showed strong motivations to visit due to the biodiversity at the site (mainly the birdlife), while less tangible nature (e.g., fresh air) and amenities were also important. In contrast to other studies on natural environments, physical activity was a less influential motivation. Salient derived effects included positive and intensely positive emotions, relaxation and mental restoration. After visits to wetland centres, feelings of vitality and satisfaction were the most prominent effects that emerged. For decision-makers looking to leverage inland blue spaces for public health benefit, our results highlight the broad range and relative prominence of the reasons for use and the associated perceived health benefits derived by users of UK wetland centres. They highlight how biodiversity, abiotic nature and good amenities are important qualities to consider when planning, managing and encouraging people to use natural environments for health benefit, qualities that may also provide important environmental co-benefits.

The Other Side of the Coin: The Negative Influence of Investor Involvement on Eudaimonic Well-Being

Research surrounding entrepreneurs’ well-being is burgeoning. While eudaimonic feelings of self-actualization, vitality, and energy are of high value for entrepreneurs, we know little about which factors in the entrepreneurial context impact well-being. This study investigates the influence of work characteristics on eudaimonic well-being. Drawing on self-determination theory, we develop a mediation model in which perceived autonomy mediates the relationship between investor involvement and entrepreneurs’ eudaimonic well-being. We hypothesize that the two forms of investor involvement—formation and evaluation involvement—negatively impact entrepreneurs’ autonomy and thereby reduce entrepreneurs’ eudaimonic well-being. We estimate this model on a sample of 336 entrepreneurs who received capital from an investor. Surprisingly, we find only evaluation involvement to be negatively related to autonomy and, in turn, to be negatively related to eudaimonic well-being. Evaluation involvement constraints the extent to which tasks are perceived as self-chosen and reduces entrepreneurs’ energy. This study contributes to well-being research by introducing investor involvement as a constraining factor for autonomy and, in turn, eudaimonic well-being. We expand the understanding of eudaimonic well-being and self-determination theory and advance our knowledge of the entrepreneur-investor relationship beyond financial exchange.

A Review on Neuro-Fuzzy System in the Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorder

Psychiatric disorders are a kind of psychological disorders characterized by vital feelings of anxiety and fear. Lately, the evolution of advance methods helps significantly to produce resources helping physicians to foresee psychological problems as well as help patient care. In this particular review paper, a study was done on investigation for the prediction of certain kinds of psychiatric disorders using neuro-fuzzy methods. Research had been selected as well as analyzed, revealing that neuro-fuzzy methods may be utilized for efficiently forecasting psychiatric problems. The precision of the outcomes differs based on the kind of the type of psychiatric disorder of strategies used for predicting the condition. We are able to deduce that single method cannot work well and has been accomplished on the prediction of psychiatric disorder using neuro-fuzzy methods. Nevertheless, with the help of advance research, we might achieve higher accuracy scores which can result in a much better support for patients.

Personal Metaphors as Motivational Resources: Boosting Anticipated Incentives and Feelings of Vitality Through a Personal Motto-Goal

Motto-goals describe a desired mind-set and provide a person with a guiding principle of how to approach a personal goal or obligation (e.g., with the inner strength of a bear I am forging ahead). We propose that motto-goals can be conceptionalized as individually created metaphors and that the figurative, metaphorical language and the characteristics of the formation process make them effective in changing the perception of unpleasant personal obligations as more inherently enjoyable and raise vitality levels. To test whether a newly devised minimalistic motto-goal intervention can make goal striving more attractive (stronger anticipation of activity related incentives) and energize goal-oriented action (increase vitality) in relation to an unpleasant obligation, two experimental studies were conducted. In Study 1 the motto-goal condition led to stronger anticipation of activity related incentives and vitality compared to a distraction task. The effect on vitality was partially mediated by a change in feelings of autonomy. Study 2 replicated the effects compared to a placebo intervention and further found motto-goals to be specifically effective in increasing the anticipation of activity related incentives as opposed to outcome related incentives. The results support that applying motto-goals built with a newly developed minimalist motto-goal intervention can influence the subjective experience of individuals faced with a previously unpleasant obligation.

Resplandor de humanismo y crítica social en la obra literaria de Eduardo Galeano

A un lustro de su partida, la obra literaria de Eduardo Galeano nos motiva a revisar su mensaje humanista fundamentado, insistentemente, en la crítica social. De manera poética, el autor enuncia tesis filosóficas sobre el devenir histórico de los pueblos originarios y mestizos de América Latina. La indignación y la esperanza resultan sentimientos vitales que se unifican al denunciar los actos injustos que propician desigualdades. La globalización capitalista que no valora la vida comunitaria vulnera la dignidad humana. En este trabajo se pone énfasis en la vida cotidiana mediante la recuperación y análisis de frases del autor en El libro de los abrazos, Mujeres y Espejos.