Feelings Of Relative Deprivation Research Articles

Fuse and fracture? The janus face of proactive personality in ostracism

AbstractDespite the well identified personality-related factors that drive ostracism, the dual role that a proactive personality plays in influencing ostracism has received little scholarly attention. Drawing on social exchange and social comparison theories, we develop a social relational model of peers’ reactions to a focal proactive member. Findings reveal that a focal member’s proactive personality not only enhances peers’ cognition-based trust in the focal person, but also triggers peers’ feeling of relative deprivation. The peers’ cognition-based trust, in turn, weakens—whereas the feeling of relative deprivation strengthens—peers’ ostracism of the focal proactive member. The focal member’s prosocial motive and proself motive further moderate these relationships. Specifically, prosocial motive strengthens the negative indirect relationship between a focal person’s proactive personality and peers’ ostracism through peers’ cognition-based trust in the focal person. Moreover, proself motive amplifies the positive indirect relationship between a focal person’s proactive personality and peers’ ostracism through peers’ feeling of relative deprivation.

Explaining the Role of Sociological Factors in Students' Tendency to Abuse Drugs Subject of Study: The Second Year of High School in Khalkhal City

The tendency of students to risky behaviors is one of the important social issues that affects social bonds, human capital and social health of students. This research has been done with the aim of explaining the impact of sociological factors on the tendency of students towards high-risk substance abuse behavior, using the theories of Durkheim's anomie, Sutherland's differential bond, Hershey's social control, Simen's social alienation. The research method, survey and data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research included all second year high school students in the academic year of 1401-1400 in Khalkhal city, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 280 people.The findings of the research showed that the students' average tendency towards high-risk substance abuse behavior is lower than the hypothetical average. Inferential analysis of the hypotheses confirmed the effect of socializing with others, use of emerging media, participation in school affairs, parental relationship breakdown, and the feeling of relative deprivation in people's tendency to risky behaviors.

Papua Conflict Resolution Challenges: The Linkage Of Relative Deprivation With The Spirit Of Separatism Of Indigenous Papuans

For many years, the Land of Papua has experienced bloody battles as separatist parties fought for independence from the Indonesian government. Understanding how relative hardship contributes to complaints and drives violent action is one of the critical obstacles to resolving these disputes. Indigenous people in Papua have long felt exploited and marginalized by the national government and international businesses that take resources out of the area. Compared to others in a social group or society, the sense of unfair disadvantage is called relative deprivation. This feeling of relative deprivation has fostered demands for independence and violent confrontations with security forces. In order to analyze a specific phenomenon, this research study employs a qualitative methodology that includes a thorough literature review of reliable papers. The result of this study is that the Papuan people experience relative deprivation because they have lost what previously belonged to them, such as land and resource rights, political representation, cultural identity, human rights, and fair social services. This sense of loss has caused deprivation in the Papuan people. At the same time, this deprivation fosters a separatist spirit channelled through acts of violence that cause casualties. The central government's lack of concern exacerbates the relative deprivation conditions of the Papuan people. Thus, the people of Papua are increasingly marginalized by the central government.

When Do Coworkers' Idiosyncratic Deals Trigger Social Undermining?-The Moderating Roles of Core Self-Evaluations and Conscientiousness.

Idiosyncratic deals are personalized work arrangements negotiated between enterprises and employees based on employees’ abilities and needs, previous studies have focused more on their positive effects on i-dealers and neglected the negative effects on peers in the process of interpersonal interaction. In view of this, this study explores the effects of coworkers’ idiosyncratic deals on employees’ social undermining and the internal mechanism based on social comparison theory. This study tested the theoretical model with a sample of 331 employees from six enterprises in China. The results showed that the interaction between perceptions of coworkers’ receiving idiosyncratic deals and low core self-evaluations stimulated employees’ feelings of relative deprivation, which triggered social undermining toward i-dealers. At the same time, employees’ conscientiousness could weaken the positive effect of relative deprivation on social undermining. Therefore, it reveals the negative peer effect of idiosyncratic deals and provides theoretical and practical implications for preventing the interpersonal harm doing caused by idiosyncratic deals.

Https://www.asianinstituteofresearch.org/EQRarchives/The-Relationship-Between-Mobbing-Behaviors-Experienced-by-Teachers-and-Their-Feeling-of-Relative-Deprivation

Mobbing is generally a situation where victims are directly and indirectly affected, and has an increasingly negative impact on victims, harming their psychosocial and physical health and causing power imbalance. Relative deprivation is defined not only as a perception but also as a sense of deprivation felt meaning anger. Relative deprivation has two dimensions as cognitive and emotional. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of mobbing perceived or experienced by teachers and their feeling of relative deprivation. The data were collected from 319 public school teachers in Turkey through online environments. The research data were collected using the Relative Deprivation Scale for Teachers and Mobbing Scale. According to the results of the research, there are significant differences in both scales according to gender, seniority and school level. A positive relationship was found between Relative Deprivation Scale and the Mobbing Scale. In addition, mobbing behaviors experienced by teachers are a significant predictor of Administrative Deprivation and Personal Deprivation dimensions.

The contributions of social comparison to social network site addiction.

Excessive use of social network sites (SNSs) can often lead to negative consequences of frequent upward social comparisons despite having the social network platform to present users in a favorable light. However, the existing literature gives little evidence to social comparison related antecedents and consequents of uncontrollable use of SNSs. The present study aimed to investigate the contributions of social comparison to SNS addiction. In Study 1, using a convenient sample in Austria (n = 103), we showed that the tendency to engage in social comparisons of ability (but not of opinion) predicted self-reported SNS addiction over and above the feelings of relative deprivation on social support and status. SNS addiction mediated the relations between social comparison of ability and stress, but not self-esteem. In Study 2, using a broad sample of participants in Austria (n = 500), we replicated the findings observed in Study 1 and showed that contrastive upward social comparison emotions (i.e., envy, depression) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and lower self-esteem whereas the contrastive downward social comparison emotion (i.e., contentment) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and higher self-esteem. Our findings suggest that SNS addiction closely relates to psychological constructs relevant to social comparison, mediates the link between social comparison of ability and detrimental consequences (i.e., stress, well-being) and demonstrate how social comparison emotions relate to both positive and negative associations between SNS addiction and self-esteem.

Fuse and Fracture? A Dual-Pathway Model of Proactive Personality and Ostracism

Although there is consensus that the proactive personality is beneficial in the workplace, an unanswered question is whether proactive individuals are always appreciated by peers. This research depicts an “initiative paradox” by examining how peers respond to the focal proactive team member. Drawing upon trust literature and relative deprivation theory, we argued that peers respond to the proactive member in two different ways: showing trust to the proactive member or feeling relatively deprived of their common resources, and accordingly, less or more likely to ostracize the proactive member. The proactive member’s prosocial motive and proself motive moderate these relationships. In study 1, we collected a three-wave hospital data (including 799 nurses nested in 116 nursing teams) and found that prosocial motive strengthens the positive effect of proactive personality on peers’ trust and proself motive strengthens the positive effect of proactive personality on peers’ feelings of relative deprivation. In study 2, we tested the full model (the first-stage moderated mediation model) with a three-wave data from 448 waiters in 132 restaurants in the catering industry in China. Results show that prosocial motive strengthens the indirect effect of proactive personality on ostracism through peers’ trust and proself motive strengthens the indirect effect of proactive personality on ostracism through peers’ feelings of relative deprivation.

SNS에서 타인 읽기의 명과 암: 대리만족, 영감, 상대적 박탈감, 그리고 삶에 대한 만족도

SNS에서 타인 읽기의 명과 암: 대리만족, 영감, 상대적 박탈감, 그리고 삶에 대한 만족도

Do others’ self-presentation on social media influence individual’s subjective well-being? A moderated mediation model

Nowadays, sharing information on social media is a common phenomenon. However, most previous studies on sharing behavior explored the relationship between self-presentation and subjective well-being from the promulgator’s perspective. We examine a distinct aspect of sharing behavior on social media, namely how others’ self-presentation influences visitor’s subjective well-being. To this end, the present research examined: (1) whether others’ self-presentation affects individuals’ subjective well-being, and (2) how others’ self-presentation affects individuals’ subjective well-being. Two laboratory experiments were conducted to research these questions. Study 1 (N = 100) found that compared to non-self-presentation, others’ self-presentation predicts a lower subjective well-being. The findings answered question 1. Apart from the conclusion of Study 1, to address question 2, Study 2 (N = 153) examined the moderated mediation effect using relative deprivation as mediator and general self-efficacy as moderator to answer question 2. We found that others’ self-presentation on social media could increase individuals’ feeling of relative deprivation and decrease their subjective well-being through upward social comparison, and the mediation effect was moderated by general self-efficacy. Finally, the contributions and implications of the findings are discussed.

Analysis of Concurrent Revolts during Naderi Era Influenced by Feelings of Relative Deprivation

Analysis of Concurrent Revolts during Naderi Era Influenced by Feelings of Relative Deprivation

Boko Haram, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, al-Shabaab – Similarities and Differences

The authors offer an analysis of the genesis, evolution, and strategies of three Islamist extremist groups in three parts of Africa: al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in the borderland of Algeria and Mali; Boko Haram in the borderland of Nigeria, Chad, Niger and Cameroon; and al-Shabaab in Eastern Africa. Through examining the three comparative case studies they argue that the religious agenda of these groups plays the role of a façade only. The most important reasons of the spread of terrorism in all three regions are related to the political and economic conditions, feelings of relative deprivation, low level of trust in government authorities and the frustration of marginalised groups.

Donald Trump, perceptions of justice, and populism

The populism of Donald Trump and his supporters can be viewed as rooted in feelings of relative deprivation, whereby people feel that they are getting less than they deserve in exchanges with other groups, and perceptions of unfair procedures, whereby elites are seen to allocate outcomes in an unethical, biased, and/or disrespectful manner. Populist leaders can boost people’s self-esteem and hence their sense of what they deserve and how they should be treated by establishment decision makers. Populist leaders make intergroup comparisons salient and thereby exacerbate intergroup hostility. In the United States, populist politics has shifted from emphasizing unfair economic outcomes to exploiting racist and nativist sentiments as well as cultural antagonisms. Donald Trump’s populism can be traced most directly to George Wallace’s racist populist campaigns in the 1960s. Trump has also focused on unfair decisions made about political allies. His presidency is arguably the first to ride these elements in American politics to the White House.

Differentiated Threat and the Genesis of Prejudice: Group-Specific Antecedents of Homonegativity, Islamophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes

In this article we argue that an exclusive focus on the generalized aspect of prejudice limits understanding of the structure and genesis of prejudice towards particular out-groups. In order to conceptualize the specific nature of particular prejudices, we propose the differentiated threat approach. This framework postulates that different out-groups challenge diverse realistic and symbolic interests, and that these out-group specific threats affect various socio-economic strata and cultural groups differentially. The differentiated threat approach is applied to analyse majority-group Belgians’ attitudes towards immigrants, Muslims, Jews and homosexuals. The results show that a common denominator of prejudice can be distinguished, but that the prejudices towards the various out-groups contain substantively relevant unique components that are influenced by socio-demographic and attitudinal predictors in diverging ways. Gender traditionalism is found to reinforce homonegativity and temper Islamophobia at the same time. Feelings of relative deprivation are more strongly related to Islamophobia than to other forms of prejudice, and are unrelated to homonegativity. Religious involvement plays a more decisive role in the formation of antiSemitism and homonegativity than it does in the other forms of prejudice. Anti-immigration attitudes show a class gradient that is absent in attitudes towards other out-groups. Our results evidence that the concrete realization of attitudes towards a specific out-group cannot be understood without paying attention to structural and contextual factors, such as social positions, the nature of inter-group relations, power balances and elite discourses.

Gedifferentieerde dreiging en de verklaring van vooroordelen: anti-immigrantenattitudes, islamofobie, antisemitisme en homonegativiteit vergeleken

In this article we argue that an exclusive focus on the generalised aspect of prejudice limits the understanding of the structure and genesis of prejudice towards particular out-groups. In order to conceptualize the specific nature of particular prejudices, we propose the differentiated threat approach. This framework postulates that different out-groups challenge diverse economic and cultural interests, and that these out-group specific threats affect various socio-economic strata and cultural groups differentially. The differentiated threat approach is applied to analyse majority-group Belgians’ attitudes towards immigrants, Muslims, Jews and homosexuals. The results show that a common denominator of prejudice can be distinguished, but that the prejudices towards the various out-groups contain substantively relevant unique components that are influenced by socio-demographic and attitudinal predictors in diverging ways. Gender traditionalism is found to reinforce homonegativity and temper Islamophobia at the same time. Feelings of relative deprivation are more strongly related to Islamophobia than to other forms of prejudice, and are unrelated to homonegativity. Religious involvement plays a more decisive role in the formation of anti-Semitism and homonegativity than it does in the other forms of prejudice. Anti-immigration attitudes show a class gradient that is absent in attitudes towards other out-groups. Our results evidence that the concrete realisation of attitudes towards a specific out-group cannot be understood without paying attention to structural and contextual factors, such as social positions, the nature of inter-group relations, power balances and elite discourses.

Risk of a ‘revolution of rising expectations’ in China?

This article analyses developments in Chinese living standards with special focus on urban-rural inequalities. The analysis and discussion target the rapid economic lift, accompanied by inequalities and the risk of revolution of rising expectations in the last three decades. Although this economic lift brings China from one of the poorest countries in the world to the second largest economy globally, many are also concerned about social instability as a result of increasing inequalities and social gaps. We have examined existing data, including international statistics and Chinese national sources. It shows that average Chinese citizens, in general, have enjoyed improvements in their living standard, but an increasing gap in per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents is observable. The discussion section connects to results from secondary surveys. The conclusion is that conditions for feelings of relative deprivation are diminutive and so is the risk of a forthcoming revolution of rising expectations in China.

Taiwan Temporary Workers and Labor Marginalization in the Context of Segmented Labor Market, 1991-2010

From the perspective of segmented labor market theory, this paper aims to provide evidence-based study on temporary workers and labor marginalization in Taiwan in the period of 1991-2010. New phase of industrial restructuring and monopsony dating back to the early 1990s serves as the main force in shaping Taiwan labor market which is characterized by new type of segmented labor market. The paper demonstrates (1) temporary workers in general and foreign contract workers in specific, and (2) status of labor marginalization by using composite indicator derived from wage gains and working load. Main findings are: (1) because of deindustrialization, manufacturing offshoring, and new business monopsony, temporary workers including foreign contract workers and low-workload low-pay workers are surging, being mostly selective of females, the youth, the less educated, and workers in traditional manufacturing and electronics; (2) in specific, based on existing research, the paper characterizes the interaction of immigrant contract workers with Taiwan native-born workers. The paper concludes that entrapped temporary workers and labor marginalization are polarizing Taiwan labor market and growing foreign contract workers who are entrapped in secondary labor market too are associated with enhancing labor market segmentation effect. Tensions surge sharply in secondary labor market and feelings of relative deprivation among workers in secondary labor market rise sharply. Thus profound and insightful institutional changes in labor market are urgently required.

Feeling of Relative Deprivation as a Driver for Higher Agricultural Subsidies

Because people tend to compare themselves with others from their own surroundings, even a person rich in absolute terms can feel poor in relative terms, if people from their reference group are richer. This phenomenon is called relative deprivation. Farmers in developed economies claim to be poor, because they compare themselves not with farmers from poor economies, but rather with other members of their own society who work outside of agriculture and whose incomes are usually higher. Feeling relatively deprived, farmers in developed economies demand stronger financial support and act intensively to convince policymakers to support them. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between relative deprivation of farmers and support for farmers in countries with different development levels. Results of this study prove that levels of support for farmers are positively related with the average level of relative deprivation of farmers dependent on the size of farmer groups. Hence the idea of relative deprivation might provide additional political explanation of different levels of support for farmers in countries with different development levels.

Examining the Effective Social and Economic Factors on Underground Economy

The expansion of underground economic activities is a reality in today's world and it plays a vital role in the economy and the lives of people in many countries. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 8 variables (income level, education level of the individual, spouse's education, feeling of relative deprivation, unemployment, risk and severity of punishment, family background and the price gap between the formal and informal market) on the tendency of people to act in underground economy activities with a social and economic approach. Sistan and Baluchistan (eastern frontier province of Iran) is the case of this study with the sample size of 300 people. Logit model has been used to determine the people of two groups, which consist of people who act in underground activities and non engaged people. The results show that the unemployment and the feelings of relative deprivation in terms of social have a positive and significant effect on tendency of people to underground activities. But there are negative significant relationships between the level of individual spouse's education, the level of individual education, family background, income level and feeling of relative deprivation economically and the tendency of people to carry out activities in underground economy. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3p525

Not for People Like Us? A Six-Year Panel Study of the Mutual Relationship Between Feelings of Relative Deprivation and Occupational Status Among Young Adults in Flanders

In this paper we analysed the mutual relationship between occupational status and feelings of relative deprivation, at the start of young adults’ labour market careers. For our analysis we used panel data from young adults for the birth cohort of 1976 who were surveyed three times between the ages of 23 and 29, between 1999 and 2005. These panel data not only provided information about the associations between the occupational status and feelings of relative deprivation, but also allowed us to gain better insight into the causal ordering of the relationship between both. We find effects in both directions, from occupational status to feelings of relative deprivation, and the reverse, although these differ both in strength and timing. The effect of feelings of relative deprivation for the occupational status is significant but rather weak, and only tangible between the age of 23 and 26. The effect of the occupational status on relative deprivation on the other hand is substantially stronger, but manifests itself only between the age of 26 and 29.

Perceived deprivation in active duty military nurse anesthetists.

There is a shortage of military Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). Relative deprivation is a perception of unfairness due to discrepancies between what one has and what one could or should have that is dependent on feelings (subjective data) and facts (objective data). Feelings of relative deprivation could contribute to the military CRNA shortage. The purposes of this study were to measure relative deprivation in active-duty military CRNAs and explore variables that correlate with relative deprivation. The descriptive, correlational study was conducted using a self-administered survey sent to 435 active-duty Army, Navy, and Air Force CRNAs. Surveys were distributed to subjects by mail and could be answered by mail or by secured website. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of the data revealed a calculated response rate of 57.7%. There was no significant correlation (P < .05) between years as a CRNA, military pay, promotion opportunity, or scope of practice/autonomy and relative deprivation. Correlations of the psychological factors "wanting" and "deserving" with relative deprivation were significant (P < .001). Further research is indicated to identify definitive factors that can be modified to improve feelings of deprivation as they relate to retention and recruitment of military CRNAs.