Duration Of Feeding Time Research Articles

Feeding behavior in nursery pigs affected with gastric ulcers

Gastric ulcers are a common pathological finding at slaughterhouses, with a prevalence of up to 65% in finishers and 35% in nursery pigs. Pigs’ eating behavior is a dynamic process that can be adapted to feed supply, social pen interactions, and disease status. However, evidence addressing the effect of gastric ulceration on feeding behavior in nursery pigs is limited.This study aimed to identify key differences in the diurnal feeding behavior of nursery pigs with no lesions in the pars oesophagea and pigs with severe ulcers in pars oesophagea and fed pelleted feed ad libitum by assessing: (1) differences in the duration of feeding time per visit to the feeder (minutes/visit); (2) differences in the total feeding time per day (minutes/day); (3) differences in the number of feeding visits per day (visits/day).In total, 199 intact male (n = 105) and female (n = 94) nursery pigs were assessed for gastric lesions 6 weeks after weaning observing an overall prevalence of 84%. Based on a gastric health assessment, pigs were characterized as either NLPO “no lesions in the pars oesophagea” (only healthy and parakeratosis scores) or LPO “lesions in the pars oesophagea” (erosions, ulcers, scars, and oesophageal stenosis). The LPO group was further divided into a subgroup: POU “severe ulcers in pars oesophagea” (ulcers with oesophageal stenosis). Diurnal feeding behavior was retrospectively assessed for 30 nursery pigs (15 NLPO and 15 POU) using video recordings from 06:00 AM to 10:00 PM (16 h) for 7 days before the stomachs were collected.The regression model showed that the POU nursery pigs had a tendency to eat for a longer period (+1.3 min) each time they visited the feeder (p = 0.055), but had significantly (p = 0.044) fewer feeding visits (-2.3 visits) during the day compared to NLPO nursery pigs. Both NLPO and POU pigs spent the same amount of feeding time at the feeder per day. Furthermore, it was observed that intact males spent significantly (p = < 0.05) less time per feeding visit to the feeder, had more feeding visits per day, and spent longer feeding time per day compared to females.In conclusion, this study showed that feeding behavior in nursery pigs 6 weeks after weaning was weakly associated with severe gastric ulceration. However, severe gastric ulceration did not have an effect on the total feeding time per day. Moreover, it was found that feeding behavior in nursery pigs is strongly associated with sex.

PERBEDAAN LAMA WAKTU PEMBERIAN PAKAN MENGANDUNG JINTAN HITAM TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP dan PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GABUS yang DIUJI TANTANG Aeromonas hydrophila

ABSTRACTOne of problem on snakehead culture is lower value of survival and growth because of disease occurence. The aim of this research was to know the effect of different feeding time duration on survival and growth rate of snakehead fed by black cumin challenged by A.hydrophila. This research conducted from August until September 2015 in Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The research method used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications : P1(fed without black cumin during 30 days no challenged), P2 (fed without black cumin during 30 days challenged by A. hydrophila), P3 (fed contain black cumin during 30 days no challenged), P4 (fed contain black cumin during 30 days challenged by A. hydrophila), P5 (fed contain black cumin during 21 days challenged by A. hydrophila), P6 (fed contain black cumin during 14 days challenged by A.hydrophila), and P7 (fed contain black cumin during 30 days challenged by A. hydrophila). The result of the research showed that snakehead fed by black cumin during 14 days (P6) challenged by A. hydrophila showed the highest value of survival rate, and growth, each sequentially were 93.33%, 5.28 g, and 1.32 cm. Keywords : snakehead, black cumin, survival rate, growth

PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU PEMBERIAN PAKAN YANG MENGANDUNG BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN IMUNITAS IKAN LELE YANG DIINFEKSI Aeromonas Hydrophila

ABSTRACT One of the bacterial diseases that attacks freshwater fish is Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The aim of this research is to know the effect of different feeding time duration that contain Phaleria macrocarpa flour to prevent of A. hydrophila. Research was conducted from September until November 2016 on Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University and Laboratorium UPT Klinik Kesehatan. The research designed based on Completely Ranomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Clarias sp. was given feed treatment for 14 days (P1), 21 days (P2), and 28 days (P3). Feed treatment in the form of flour Phaleria add to commercial feed as many as 1 gram from 100 grams of commercial feed. The parameters observed on this research were total leucocytes, hematocrit concentration, growth, prevalence, and survival. The result showed that the addition of P. macrocarpa flour on feed was to prevent infection caused A. hydrophila revaled by decreasing of prevalence of fish. The addition of Phaleria macrocarpa flour for 21 days is the best treatment, seen from the increasing total leucocytes and hematocrit concentration and produse survival of 86,67% and prevalence value of 32,68% after injected by A. hydophila bacteria.Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Clarias sp., Phaleria macrocarpa

Diet Selection in Finishing Lambs

Summary In a total mixed ration (TMR) feeding system, lambs, as well as other animals, tend to exhibit dietary preferences. The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in the feed selection behavior between lambs previously accustomed to TMR feeding and lambs newly introduced to TMR diets. A total of eight male Suffolk lambs were allocated to two groups of four each. Both groups received the same feed formulation. The roughage portion of the diet consisted of alfalfa hay, whereas the concentrate portion included a concentrate mixture for finishing lambs. One group of lambs was fed total mixed rations containing 30% alfalfa hay and 70% pelleted concentrate. The other group received alfalfa hay and concentrate rations separately as single diets. Diet selection measurements were performed after four weeks of the experimental feeding regime. The results obtained indicate a clear preference of both groups for concentrate (112±5% and 110±6% respectively) over alfalfa hay (72±11% and 77±14% respectively). Significant differences were recorded in the duration of feeding time. The lambs accustomed to TMR feeding consumed 400 g of TMR for 18±1 minutes, whereas the lambs newly introduced to TMR diets required 154±88 minutes for the same allotment. Moreover, the lambs starting on a TMR diet were found to consume feed markedly slower, although their diet selection proved equally successful compared to the lambs accustomed to TMR feeding.

Do broilers prefer to eat from a certain type of feeder?

This study compared three types of feeders for broilers: Fênix, Tube and Automatic feeders. Bird's feeding behavior and preference were considered in this the evaluation. Preference was assessed by examining birds' behavioral activities, such as eating, standing and lying around the equipments, and meal duration as function of the environmental variables. Data on the behavioral activities and meal size were collected in a broiler commercial farm using a portable video camera, and the direct footages were analyzed. The time spent in each activity, feeding bout duration and time spent near the trough were statistically analyzed using the test of means and medians. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between ambient environmental data and the time of feeding. A prospective scenario was established and data were pair wised compared to it. There were interactions between environmental characteristics and feeding and lying down activities during the experiment. Eating behavior was more frequent in the area around the Tube feeder. The duration of feeding time was higher when the birds used the Tube feeder (214 ± 28s), followed by the use of the Fênix feeder (123 ± 17s) and the Automatic feeder (77 ± 29s). Birds preferred eating from the Tube feeder probably due to the absence of the partition grid above the feeder plate.

Effects of high dietary molybdenum concentration and duration of feeding time on molybdenum and copper metabolism in sheep

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of elevated dietary Mo and duration of feeding on tissue concentrations and excretion of Mo and Cu. Forty lambs were fed diets containing 0, 15, 30 or 45 mg kg −1 (as-fed basis) added Mo as sodium molybdate for 14 or 28 days. The basal corn-soya-bean meal-cottonseed hulls diet contained 1.2 mg kg −1 Mo, 11 mg kg −1 Cu, and 2.2 g kg −1 S (DM basis). Concentration of Mo increased linearly in feces, urine, serum, liver, kidney and muscle as dietary Mo increased. There was no effect of time on fecal, urinary, liver or muscle Mo concentrations. Liver Mo concentration increased ( p < 0.0001) more rapidly in response to dietary Mo at 14 days than at 28 days, but kidney and muscle Mo increased ( p < 0.05) to a greater extent in lambs fed 28 days than in those fed 14 days. Muscle Cu decreased ( p < 0.01) with increasing dietary Mo regardless of feeding duration and kidney Cu tended ( p = 0.05) to increase at 28 but not 14 days. Total serum Cu and TCA-insoluble serum Cu also increased ( p < 0.001) at 28 days with increasing dietary Mo. Dietary supplementation of Mo as sodium molybdate resulted in a redistribution of body stores of Cu in lambs fed normal concentrations of dietary Cu with constant S. It appears that urinary excretion and tissue concentrations of Mo may be useful to estimate bioavailability of supplemental sources of the element.

Response to high dietary copper and duration of feeding time on tissue copper concentration of sheep

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of high dietary Cu and duration of feeding time on tissue mineral composition of sheep to establish a standard curve for future bioassay of supplemental Cu sources. In Experiment 1, 24 crossbred wethers were fed a basal diet (9.24 mg/kg Cu) supplemented with 15, 30 or 45 mg/kg added Cu as cupric acetate for 15 or 30 days. An additional four sheep were killed at day 0 to serve as controls. In Experiment 2, 30 crossbred wethers were injected i.v. with 50 mg ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) twice weekly for 3 weeks to reduce body Cu stores, then fed the basal diet (7.29 mg/kg Cu) or the basal plus 20, 40, 60 or 80 mg/kg added Cu as cupric acetate for 10 or 20 days. Treatment with ATM reduced liver Cu stores by 52%. In Experiment 1, liver and bone Cu concentrations were greater in sheep supplemented with Cu compared with controls, but there was no difference among sheep fed various added Cu concentrations. In Experiment 2, liver Cu concentration increased linearly in sheep fed 10 days and quadratically in sheep fed 20 days, but serum, spleen and kidney Cu concentrations were not affected by treatment. A bioassay for Cu bioavailability based on liver Cu uptake with a 10-day supplementation period appeared feasable.