Feeding Syrup Research Articles

On-line monitoring of C seed magma using the ITECA Crystobserver to improve performance

A microscope system, the Crystobserver (supplied by ITECA, France), was installed on the C seed evaporating crystallizer at Condong Mill, Australia, to monitor the crystal development in real-time. The system provides a high-quality image and measures important parameters such as average crystal size and number of crystals in the image. Analysis of data collected over two seasons confirms that the system is reliable in obtaining images with sufficient clarity to assist the operators in remotely monitoring the crystal development from shortly after slurry addition. The reliability of the measurements is satisfactory once the crystals are larger than 30 µm through to near the end of the C seed when the crystal density in the screen is high. The operators have found the Crystobserver to be very beneficial, allowing them to take corrective actions such as changing the amount of slurry addition or the purity of the feed syrup more quickly. The software in the system stores historical data from several strikes, including images and key parameters that can be accessed readily. The installation, microscope and software features and potential benefits to a raw sugar mill are described.

The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production

In this study, the larvae acceptance rate and the royal jelly yield in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies supplemented with different industrial sugars at different locations were determined. For this purpose, feeding groups (1. Sucrose group, 2. Glucose group, 3. Bee feed syrup group, 4. Control group) and locations (1. Battalgazi, 2. Doğanşehir) were formed. In queenless colonies that produce royal jelly, in order to sustain 5-15 day-old young feeder worker bees, two sealed frames with brood from support colonies were added. The royal jelly yield was harvested seven times. Based on the location, the feeding groups, and the location x feeding groups interaction, 12600 larvae were grafted, 9054 larvae were accepted, and the larvae acceptance rate was determined as 71.86%. Based on the location, feeding groups and the location x feeding group interaction, the yield per cell was calculated as 213.15 ± 11.53 mg/cell, the yield per colony as 6.88 ± 0.38 g/col./app., and the total yield per colony as 34.40 ± 1.91 g/colony. In the study, no statistically significant difference was determined between feeding with sucrose, bee feed and the supplementary feeding with glucose. On the other hand, it was determined that the location where the royal jelly was produced affected both the larvae acceptance and the royal jelly yield.

A comparative melissopalynological study of royal jelly from Turkey

Three treatments (Glucose, Sucrose, Bee Feed Syrup) were used to examine the influence of supplementary feeding on the pollen spectrum of the royal jelly produced by Apis mellifera L. colonies. Apis mellifera colonies were located in the Battalgazi and Dogansehir districts of Malatya province in Turkey. In total 255 royal jelly samples were investigated and the analysis recorded over 30 taxa. In both sites the control group heavily utilised Quercus, Verbascum, Astragalus, and Lamiaceae. The feeding treatments saw Quercus, Verbascum, and Astragalus still being used but in different proportions. The utilisation of Lamiaceae was much reduced and Echium became an important component in colonies that had supplementary feeding.

ASSESSMENT OF METHODS FOR GRAIN FEEDING

The purpose of the work is to give a comparative assessment of different ways to obtain grain feed syrup. The study considered 4 options for obtaining grain feed molasses: previously developed in SibNITIP and implemented in the Russian Federation and developed when performing research in 2018 (3 options). The evaluation criterion was the sugar content in the syrup. As a result of research, it was established that the amount of sugars was distributed among the options in the following order: 17.00 % – in the previously developed, in the newly developed water-based – 14.52 %, on the basis of whey and grain stored for 21 days – 15.75 %, on the basis of whey and grain without storage – 24, 67 %. The method obtained molasses based on whey contains a greater amount of sugars, less energy-consuming and can be recommended for implementation.

Results of comparative studies of grain syrup quality

This paper presents the results of analysis of the chemical composition of molasses obtained in the conditions of agricultural organizations from locally produced grain. The research was carried out on wheat and barley taken from one of the farms in Russia. The prepared grain molasses is a homogeneous mass. In the finished product, moisture, energy feed unit, exchange energy, crude and digestible protein, crude fiber, sugar, and starch were determined by standard methods. The chemical composition in the finished grain product was determined at natural moisture and air-dry condition. Grain syrup obtained from wheat contains exchangeable energy of 9.56 MJ, crude protein 12.57 %, digestible protein 93.0.0 gkg−1 and crude fiber 2.33 %. In addition, 1 kg of the product contains 299.0 and 133.0 g, respectively, of sugar and starch. The finished product obtained from barley contains 73.6 % moisture, 2.48 MJ of exchangeable energy, 30.3 and 22.7 gkg−1 of raw and digestible protein, respectively, 1.37 % of fiber, 69.3 and 46.7 g sugar and fiber, respectively. Thus, according to the results of the material obtained, it was concluded that it is possible to prepare grain feed syrup under the conditions of a farm from local grain raw materials, in particular from barley and wheat.

Report from tests on the conditions and results of work of vertical continuous evaporating crystallizer (VKT) during the juice campaign 2018

The operating parameters of a vertical evaporating crystallization tower (VKT) of BMA are studied to obtain a predetermined sucrose crystal size distribution. The influence of the amount and properties of the seed massecuite and the feed syrup in relation to the residence time of B massecuite in the individual VKT chambers was analyzed. Using the Autodesk Plan Design Suite software a 3D model of the VKT was developed. The theoretically determined crystal size distribution of the final product was compared with the one achieved in the factory.

HPLC-MS analysis of the active ingredients of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) bee feeding syrup

Apiarists let prepare by bee honey products containing medicinal drugs. Our aim was to prove that the active ingredients originated from the herbs are also present in the bee products. This publication focuses only to the chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) containing feeding syrup and the difference between the various syrup phases. To fulfil this task, we developed a method analysing the non-volatile components of the syrup using the flowers of chamomile. The method involves a filtration followed by HPLC-MS analysis. The analyses and the data evaluations proved that the non-volatile components of the herb were transferred to syrup. As the characteristic components of certain herbs could be identified also in the syrup, it is obvious that the components responsible for the medicinal effects are also transferred.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural in bee feed

Classical beefeed is a concentrated sucrose solution that has to be freshly prepared by the beekeeper. Commercial bee feeds are invert sugar or starch syrups with added fructose that prevents cristallisation and keeps the bee feed fit for use for a longer period of time. During recent years, maximum levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (“HMF”), a conversion product of fructose are increasingly discussed. A comprehensive literature evaluation revealed that studies of the past were limited to a few publications on caged bees and that below 150 mg HMF/kg feed no adverse effects on bees were observed. In own outdoor trials under bee keeping conditions up to 150 mg HMF/kg of a fructose/invert sugar mixture were well tolerated. It can be assumed that the HMF tolerance of a feed depends on environmental conditions as well as the overall bee feed digestibility. From these data, no need for setting maximum levels of HMF in bee feed can be derived. The HMF content of bee feed increases temperature-dependent during storage and feeding. A limit between 20 and 40 mg HMF/kg feed syrup would prompt reformulations to ensure its compliance throughout the chain from production to the time of exposure to the bee. Accompanying measures (temperature control) would be needed throughout the chain. Reformulated bee feeds would need to be tested in pre-market trials under practical conditions in all European bee keeping climates to safely exclude other potential adverse effect of currently not predictable variables.

Bal Arısı Şurubuna Katılan Bitki Ekstraktı ve Yağlarından Oluşan Karışımının Koloni Gelişimi ve Bal Verimi Üzerine Etkileri

This study during the spring of 2014, effects of plant extract and oil mixture obtained from various plants added to the syrup given to the forces equalized bee on physiological characteristics of the colonies were examined. Bee colonies (10 colonies in each group) were randomly divided into two groups. When the first group feed syrup and plant extract oil mixture, at the same rate with feed syrup only test group to control group (1/1 sucrose-water) was applied. According to the research results, the plant extract-oil mixture was not effective on the number of frames and hive weight. The mixture although numerically increased the amount of brood rearing area, this effect was not statistically significant. However, provided statistically significant increase in honey production. We concluded that, while the plant extract-oil mixture tested is not effective in brood production, is effective on honey production.

Effect of Peaches, Pears and Green Tea on Plasma Lipids Profile and Antioxidant Content in Rats Fed High Sucrose Diet

The beneficial effects of feeding syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea on the restoration of the changes produced by feeding high sucrose diet on plasma lipid profile, plasma antioxidant activity, and antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells (RBC) hemolysate were studied. High sucrose diet induced hyperlipidemia as manifested by significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in plasma from 103.33 ± 1.8, 61.17 ± 0.48 and 26.6 ± 5.01 mg/dl to 136.67 ± 2.2, 81.3 ± 1.5 and 64.6 ± 6.5 mg/dl respectively. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) level was not significantly affected. TG levels in heart muscles increased significantly P ≤ 0.05 from the level of 194.14 ± 4.35 μg/g in the negative control to 269.72 ± 5.39 μg/g. Administration of fruits syrup and green tea resulted in a significant variable reduction in the elevated levels of cholesterol, TG and LDL and TG in the heart. Administration of sucrose resulted also in elevation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma from 5.06 ± 0.18 in the negative control to 14.81 ± 0.48 μmol/L in the positive control. This was also accompanied by reduction in the activities of supper oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma, indicating lipid peroxidation. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in the negative control were 8.96 ± 0.19, 315.67 ± 5.86, 209 ± 2.18 U/gHb respectively and were reduced significantly in the positive control to 4.7 ± 0.2, 273.83 ± 7.85, 207 ± 2.53 U/g Hb. There was a significant decrease in the level of total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma from 1.45 ± 0.09 to 0.88 ± 0.09 nmol/L. However, no statistically significant changes were noticed in the concentrations of plasma total proteins and albumin. Intake of syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea increased the level of TAS and GSH and decreased the level of LDL. The treatment also decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of plasma cholesterol, TG and heart TG levels. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased following the treatment. It can be concluded that syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea modulate lipid metabolism and enhance antioxidant status and in this respect green tea produced the best effect followed by peels of pears and peaches. The beneficial effect produced by fruits syrup and green tea may be due to their contents of phytochemicals.

Detection of adulterated honey produced by honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies fed with different levels of commercial industrial sugar (C3 and C4 plants) syrups by the carbon isotope ratio analysis

In the present study, one hundred pure and adulterated honey samples obtained from feeding honeybee colonies with different levels (5, 20 and 100L/colony) of various commercial sugar syrups including High Fructose Corn Syrup 85 (HFCS-85), High Fructose Corn Syrup 55 (HFCS-55), Bee Feeding Syrup (BFS), Glucose Monohydrate Sugar (GMS) and Sucrose Sugar (SS) were evaluated in terms of the δ13C value of honey and its protein, difference between the δ13C value of protein and honey (Δδ13C), and C4% sugar ratio. Sugar type, sugar level and the sugar type*sugar level interaction were found to be significant (P<0.001) regarding the evaluated characteristics. Adulterations could not be detected in the 5L/colony syrup level of all sugar types when the δ13C value of honey, Δδ13C (protein–honey), and C4% sugar ratio were used as criteria according to the AOAC standards. However, it was possible to detect the adulteration by using the same criteria in the honeys taken from the 20 and 100L/colony of HFCS-85 and the 100L/colony of HFCS-55. Adulteration at low syrup level (20L/colony) was more easily detected when the fructose content of HFCS syrup increased. As a result, the official methods (AOAC, 978.17, 1995; AOAC, 991.41, 1995; AOAC 998.12, 2005) and Internal Standard Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis could not efficiently detect the indirect adulteration of honey obtained by feeding the bee colonies with the syrups produced from C3 plants such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and wheat (Triticium vulgare). For this reason, it is strongly needed to develop novel methods and standards that can detect the presence and the level of indirect adulterations.

Measurement and analysis of the mannitol partition coefficient in sucrose crystallization under simulated industrial conditions

Mannitol is a major deterioration product of Leuconstoc mesenteroides bacterial metabolism of sucrose and fructose from both sugarcane and sugar beet. The effect of crystallization conditions on the mannitol partition coefficient (Keff) between impure sucrose syrup and crystal has been investigated in a batch laboratory crystallizer and a batch pilot plant-scale vacuum pan. Laboratory crystallization was operated at 65.5°C (150°F), 60.0°C (140°F), and 51.7°C (125°F) with a 78.0 Brix (% refractometric dissolved solids) pure sucrose syrup containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 10% (at 65.5°C only) mannitol on a Brix basis. Produced mother liquor and crystals were separated by centrifugation and their mannitol contents measured by ion chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD). The extent of mannitol partitioning into the crystals depended strongly on the mannitol concentration in the feed syrup and, to a lesser extent, the crystallization temperature. At 65.5 and 60.0°C, the Keff varied from ∼0.4% to 3.0% with 0.2% to 3.0% mannitol in the feed syrup, respectively. The mannitol Keff was lower than that reported for dextran (∼9–10% Keff), another product of Leuconstoc deterioration, under similar sucrose crystal growth conditions. At 10% mannitol concentration in the syrup at 65.5°C, co-crystallization of mannitol with sucrose occurred and the crystal growth rate was greatly impeded. In both laboratory and pilot plant crystallizations (95.7% purity; 78.0 Brix; 65.5°C), mannitol tended to cause conglomerates to form, which became progressively worse with increased mannitol syrup concentration. At the 3% mannitol concentration, crystallization at both the laboratory and pilot plant scales was more difficult. Mannitol incorporation into the sucrose crystal results mostly from liquid syrup inclusions but adsorption onto the crystal surface may play a minor role at lower mannitol concentrations.

Feeding sugar syrup to honey bee colonies to improve pollination: a review

A wide range of management techniques are available for improving honey bee (Apis mellifera) pollination of crops. Feeding sugar syrup was among the earliest of these developed. Three basic approaches to sugar feeding have been used to improve pollination, which can best be categorized by their hypothesized mode of action. These are: attracting bees to a crop by spraying it with sugar syrup; directing bees to a crop by feeding scented syrup either inside or outside their hive; feeding syrup inside hives to increase the number of pollen gatherers.

An automated glucose isomerase reactor system with online flow injection analyzers for monitoring of pH, glucose and fructose concentrations

The literature on glucose isomerization with immobilized glucose isomerase has been reviewed with respect to thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction and the industrial process layout. A laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor for isomerization of glucose with immobilized glucose isomerase has been constructed. A system for sample withdrawal and three flow injection analyzers—measuring glucose, fructose and pH—has been developed, automated and used to monitor the process. The equipment is controlled by a personal computer with interface expansion boards. The isomerization process has been monitored in steady-state operation as well as in pH transients. Using a commercial immobilized glucose isomerase (Sweetzyme Q from NOVO Industri A/S), the isomerization process has been studied with respect to equilibrium conversion, composition of the feed syrup, film diffusion resistance, enzyme deactivation and buffering effect of the immobilized enzyme. The experience from computerization of the equipment and the use of flow injection analyzers is summed up and the potential of such analyzers for monitoring biotechnological processes is discussed.

A New Immobilized Glucose Isomerase with High Productivity Produced by a Strain of Streptomyces murinus

AbstractThe properties of a new immobilized glucose isomerase, produced by a selected strain of Streptomyces murinus, are described. The major advantages of the new immobilized enzyme are a productivity of more than 10,000 kg syrup dry substance per kg enzyme under optimal industrial conditions, increased activity and a very low syrup by‐product formation. The influence of process parameters (temperature, pH and feed syrup additives) on activity and stability is discussed based on laboratory and industrial plant data.

The effect on pollen collection of feeding honey-bee colonies with sugar syrup

The total amount of pollen collected by colonies taken to crops of sweet cherry, field beans and red clover was greatly increased by feeding syrup to the colonies. Hence feeding colonies with sugar syrup increases their pollinating value.