Implementation Of Feed-in Tariffs Research Articles

Economic, energetic and environmental analysis of the utilization of swine manure in Brazil: Opportunities and challenges

Faced with the worsening of climate issues, nations are directing efforts to build renewable energy matrices. Specifically with regard to biomass, it can contribute to the creation and strengthening of green competitive advantages in terms of cost for agricultural units. Strictly, swine biomass, considered to have a high polluting load, can contribute to achieving the aforementioned benefits. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the potential economic, environmental and energy contribution of this waste, whether in breeding units, as well as in the Brazilian energy matrix, both aiming to guide investments in the sector and also to guide the elaboration of public policies for the valorization of externalities ecosystemic of this waste, with emphasis on the bioelectricity, biofertilizers and biomethane market. The methodology used was the analysis of the financial viability of breeding units from 100 to 500 swines from 25 kg to 100 kg, with 252 days of operation, 10 h a day, with the use of canvas biodigestor and motor generator with efficiency between 25% up to 38% for electricity price ranges from USD 35.35/MWh to USD 155.35/MWh, sale of carbon credit, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride. Taxes on the sale of electricity and fertilizers at 34%, with a minimum attractive rate of 12% per annum. The results indicate viability for the entire range of numbers of swine, with the sale of fertilizers and electricity and electricity at a price of USD 35.35/MWh. For the exclusive sale of electricity, for efficiency of the thermoelectric motor between 25% and 38%, there is economic and financial viability beginning at 31% for production units of 100 swine with a price of USD 125.35/MWh. This business is viable with at least 200 swine through the replacement of diesel with 10% generated biogas. It can be concluded that there is a need to reformulate the incentive policy in Brazil, through the implementation of feed in tariffs; price the MWh, in the regulated market, based on its environmental externalities; extension of the free market hiring period; the development of teaching policies with farmers about the importance of reusing waste, aiming at replacing synthetic fertilizer with biofertilizer; convergence between the Union and Federative Units on incentive policies, with emphasis on the standardization of biomethane and the creation of captive markets, which provide predictability to agricultural investors, the industries that manufacture biomethane engines and expansion of the gas pipeline network in the country.

Status, barriers and perspectives of building integrated photovoltaic systems

Many countries apply measures for the limitation of the conventional energy technologies and try to expand the use of renewables. As the building sector accounts for almost 40% of the energy consumption in Europe, building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems gain peoples’ interest lately concerning the replacement of the conventional construction materials of the buildings envelope with photovoltaic (PV) panels which can serve at the same time as construction material and energy producer. The aim of this study is to present an overview of the available published research on the BIPV systems and identify the barriers and risks associated with the application of BIPV and discuss the future perspectives and solutions through recommendations for future research and development. The most important barriers of the BIPV systems are the feed in tariff implementation, the public acceptance, the governmental economic support in terms of subsidies and technical aspects like the power losses and the architectural considerations. The future perspectives of the BIPV systems proposed are based on the barriers discussed. It is stated that new solutions in the PV industry are many and various and there is room for improvement regarding design, configuration, ventilation, positioning, guidelines, monitoring and performance prediction. In total, more than 100 articles have been identified and analysed since 2000. Many of these articles have a predominant focus on the investigation of the performance of the system, and the ventilation of the PV panels in BIPV applications for electricity production, due to the negative role of the temperature on PVs electrical efficiency, and the heat transfer behavior of the system. This paper shows that although research in the adoption of BIPV systems in terms of their performance and optimization is fairly new, it has gained attention in the last decades. However, their practical applications have been slow in comparison with the conventional rack-mounted PV panels.

Technical and economic analysis of grid-connected PV/Wind energy stations in the Republic of Serbia under varying climatic conditions

In this paper technical and economic analysis of grid-connected PV/Wind energy systems located in the Republic of Serbia are presented. The technical and economic data, of the various grid-connected PV/Wind hybrid energy systems for three different locations: Novi Sad, Belgrade and Kopaonik, using the transient simulations software TRNSYS and HOMER were obtained. The results obtained in this paper show that locations and technical characteristics of the energy systems have an important influence on the amount of delivering electrical power to the grid. The CO2 emissions reductions, obtained on the basis of delivered electrical power to distribution networks are also analyzed. Economic analysis is carried out using Life Cycling Cost (LCC) method. The adoption and implementation of feed-in tariffs have a significant role in enhancing the implementation of technologies that use renewable energy resources.

The Economics of Wind Power in China and Policy Implications

In 2009, the implementation of feed-in tariff (FIT) and attractive public subsidies for onshore wind farms aroused great investment enthusiasm and spurred remarkable development of wind power in China. Meanwhile, rapid learning-by-doing has significantly cut down the cost of wind turbines and the capital cost of wind farms as well. Therefore, it is the right time to examine the appropriateness of the existing FIT policy for wind power in China. In this paper, we employ the analytical framework for levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to model the generation cost of wind power. Results show that the existing FIT policy is attractive to investors, but serious curtailment and turbine quality issues could make wind power unprofitable. Meanwhile, rapid substantial decreases in the cost of wind power have made it competitive to coal power in 2013, implying that it is possible and necessary to reform the FIT policy for new wind farms. In the future, energy policies for onshore wind power in China could be concentrated on reducing the integration cost, so as to reduce the overall system cost.

Feed-in tariff in Ukraine: The only driver of renewables' industry growth?

The paper aims to review the recently adopted legislation on feed-in tariffs in Ukraine, focusing on its advantages and drawbacks, as well as on the related challenges. The recommendations listed in the paper will help to change the existing legislation regarding green electricity by means of eliminating its main drawbacks. The best prospects for renewable electricity production are related to the energy from the wind and the sun, nonetheless energy from the sun and biomass is used mostly for heating purposes, whereas the number of plans for the construction of wind farms and solar plants is growing tremendously. Despite policies and legislation being in place for the inclusion of electricity from renewables in the grid, technical and financial obstacles exist. There are plenty of plans to build new generating facilities, but at the same time there is absolutely no information about the construction of power backup. The existing regulatory policy regarding green electricity production and consumption still has significant potential for improvement. Compared to other measures, feed-in tariff implementation has spurred green electricity production in Ukraine, because feed-in tariff rates are high, and grid access is guaranteed by law, a major advantage of the current legislation on renewables in Ukraine.

The development of renewable energy power in India: Which policies have been effective?

The International Energy Agency has identified the development of renewable energy sources as a key element to mitigate climate change. At the same time it has projected India to be the second-largest contributor to the increase in global energy demand to 2035. India hence faces a significant challenge to ensure its energy security by diversifying its power generation mix. In the wake of the creation of a Green Climate Fund in Cancun, this paper studies empirically the effect of the introduction of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Tariff Policy 2006, as well as the implementation of feed-in tariffs and minimum quotas on clean electricity sourcing, on the development of grid-connected renewable energy power in nine Indian States over the period 2001–2009. Results suggest that the passing of the Tariff Policy 2006, state-level policies, quantity-based instruments and a greater participation of the private sector have played a key role in promoting the development of installed capacity from renewable energy power in the nine States of the sample.

The Development of Renewable Energy Power in India: Which Policies Have Been Effective?

The International Energy Agency has identified the development of renewable energy sources as a key element to mitigate climate change. At the same time it has projected India to be the second-largest contributor to the increase in global energy demand to 2035. India hence faces a significant challenge to ensure its energy security by diversifying its power generation mix. In the wake of the creation of a Green Climate Fund in Cancun, this paper studies empirically the effect of the introduction of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Tariff Policy 2006, as well as the implementation of feed-in tariffs and minimum quotas on clean electricity sourcing, on the development of grid-connected renewable energy power in nine Indian States over the period 2001-2009. Results suggest that the passing of the Tariff Policy 2006, state-level policies, quantity-based instruments and a greater participation of the private sector have played a key role in promoting the development of installed capacity from renewable energy power in the nine States of the sample.

Implementation of Feed-in Tariffs into Multi-Energy Systems

This paper considers the influence of promotion instruments for renewable energy sources (RES) on a multi-energy modeling framework. In Europe, so called Feed-in Tariffs are successfully used as incentive structures to increase the amount of energy produced by RES. Because of the stochastic nature of large scale integration of distributed generation, many problems have occurred regarding the quality and stability of supply. Hence, a macroscopic model was developed in order to optimize the power supply of the local energy infrastructure, which includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil and district heating as energy carriers. Unique features of the model are the integration of RES and the adoption of Feed-in Tariffs into one optimization stage. Sensitivity studies are carried out to examine the system behavior under changing profits for the feed-in of RES. With a setup of three energy exchanging regions and a multi-period optimization, the impact of costs and profits are determined.