Feed Consumption Efficiency Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD STATUS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CALVES IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD WHEN FEEDING MILK OF GOATS PRODUCING RECOMBINANT LACTOFERRIN

The system of feeding young animals, especially in the first 30 days, should be aimed at preserving and strengthening the protective properties of the body, that is why the compound feed must contain a substantial proportion of vitamins, microelements
 and other biologically active substances. One of the available sources of these elements is frozen and native goat milk containing recombinant lactoferrin. However, such milk is produced in limited quantities, so it must be used rationally. This article presents the materials of scientific work, the purpose of which was to study the effect of the duration of feeding the goat milk containing recombinant lactoferrin on hematological parameters and productivity of pre-weaned calves. The best effect was obtained when feeding thawed milk of producing goats for at least 20 days: animal growth capacity and feed consumption efficiency increased by 3.3-8.3 and 2.3-4.9 %, respectively.

Improved feeding strategy to optimize growth and biomass for up-scaling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) farming in Himalayan region

Feeding is a key factor in the growth performance of rainbow trout farming, its sustainable production and profitability. However, supplying the daily ration in trout farming in flow-through system without any control is an inconceivable practice both economically and environmentally. In this study, the effect of different feeding regimes has been evaluated to optimize growth performance minimizing the feed wastage for simulating realistic intensive culture conditions (daily ration and feeding frequency per day depending on temperature and stocking density). Growth patterns of the reared fish in terms of average daily gain (ADG) and specific growth rate (SGR%) at two feeding schedules (FS-I & FS-II) and three stocking densities (Sd1, Sd2, Sd3) showed that the best performance was at Sd2 (R2 = 0.869) at FS-I and it was highly significant (P < 0.01). Regression coefficients (R2) of length-weight relationship in different seasons and stocking densities explained proper fit of the growth as per condition factor (K) and it was high (0.994 and 0.886) during monsoon and autumn respectively in FS-I showing more than 56% variability. Based on profitability analysis, and feed consumption efficiency (FCE) related growth performance, the size and temperature dependent feeding rate was determined to construe a new rate of feeding during different months of the year. The economic implications of the experimental feeding regimes were also assessed. Both the feeding regime FS-I & FS-II supported the extent of growth performance however, better performance in terms of ADG and SGR was observed in FS-I as compared to FS-II at the end of the trial. The results demonstrated a lower competition for feed since instant feed availability was higher at Sd2 and reared at FS-I. It is concluded that controlling the feeding process is essential to reduce wastage and increase profitability, which has been achieved by the monitoring process of environmental indicators and suitable feed management. Our findings suggest a new improved feeding schedule which has significant effects on feed intake and growth performance of rainbow trout besides containing the impacts of environmental indicators and eliciting cost-effective productions.

İklim Değişikliğinin Çayır-Meralar Üzerindeki Etkileri

İklim değişikliği küresel ısınma ile birlikte sera gazlarının artışını ve iklimde meydana gelen her tür değişikliği ifade eder. Son 50 yılda sera gazlarından CO2 konsantrasyonunun %30‘un üzerinde arttığı, gelecek yüzyılda ise bu artışın daha hızlı olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. İklim değişikliği yıl içerisinde ve yıllar arasında önemli sıcaklık ve yağış farklılıklarına neden olabilmektedir. İklim değişikliğine paralel olarak flora da değişmektedir. İklim değişikliği nedeniyle bazı alanlarda tür sayısının azaldığı saptanmış ve özellikle serin iklim türlerinin yüksek sıcaklıklara adapte olamamasından dolayı daha da azalacakları öngörülmektedir. İklim değişikliği meralarda verimi önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Batı yarım kürede verim artışı Doğu yarım küreden daha yüksek olurken, Kuzey Amerika, Orta Asya, Orta Afrika ve Okyanusya‘daki meraların iklim değişikliğine karşı hassasiyeti ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaz sıcaklıklarının yüksek olduğu alanlarda küresel ısınma hayvanlarda yem tüketim etkinliğini, canlı ağırlık artışını, süt verimini ve üremeyi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Serin bölgelerde ise küresel ısınmanın etkisi daha az hissedilmektedir. İklim değişikliklerinin çayır meralar üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve tahminlerde bulunmak için yoğun çaba harcanmaktadır. Gelecekle ilgili yüksek güvenirlikli tahminler yapabilmek için detaylı modelleme çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Yapılan tahminlere göre özellikle ülkemizde küresel ısınmanın etkili olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bundan dolayı çayır-mera yem bitkilerinde kurağa dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi, farklı ekolojik bölgelerimize adapte olabilecek C4 yem bitkisi türlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu türlerin yetiştirme tekniği ve ıslah çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Accounting Information System for Cattle Feed Control to Achieve Feed Consumption Efficiency

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Breast cancer amelioration by Butea monosperma in-vitro and in-vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevanceButea monosperma belonging to family Fabaceae is used in the Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for various ailments including abdominal tumors and possess anti-estrogenic activity. Aim of the studyThe present study is aimed at investigating the chemo-preventive potential of Butea monosperma in breast cancer and elucidating it's mechanism of action by assessing its effect on key processes like apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. MethodsCytotoxic potential of methanol extract of Butea monosperma flower (MEBM) was tested in MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive), MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2 positive) human breast cancer cells by MTT assay. Chemo-preventive potential was evaluated in-vivo in Methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats. The mechanism for anticancer potential was screened by in-vitro studies involving Annexin V- FITC assay (apoptosis), Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane assay (angiogenesis) and Migration assay (metastasis). Statistical analysis was done by one way and two way ANOVA (for Growth Rate and feed consumption efficiency) followed by post hoc Bonferroni's test with P value < 0.05. ResultsIt is observed that the exposure of MEBM, at various concentrations and time intervals to different cell lines, resulted in decreased cell proliferation. The IC50 value of MCF-7 cells was found significantly less than that of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells, which indicated that the extract of said medicinal plant were more potent inhibitors of estrogen positive breast cancer cells than other types of breast cancer cells in vitro. Corroborative evidences were acquired in MNU actuated mammary carcinogenesis where MEBM constricted tumor parameters, decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone, nucleic acid content and increased latency period. MEBM also induced apoptosis, inhibited angiogenesis and metastasis in-vitro. ConclusionSelective cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 estrogen positive breast cancer cells and inhibition of growth of mammary carcinoma in-vivo by methanol extract of Butea monosperma flowers (MEBM) suggests chemo-prevention through modulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor, apoptotic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic activity.

Mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) Waste Powder: Its Influence on the Growth and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus )

The study was composed of six levels of mushroom waste powder (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 grams MWP per kg of basal feed) supplemented to the basal feed of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in three replications to determine the effects of mushroom waste powder levels on body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, average daily gain in weight, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Average daily gain (ADG) in weight and body weight (BW) negatively affected by MWP at the early age of broiler chickens, then slightly improved over time of feeding, but does not vary between treatments (P>0.05). Feeding broiler chickens up to 20 grams MWP significantly increased feed consumption (FC), however, a 25 grams MWP significantly decreased (P=0.01) feed consumption during 18 days period of feeding. Feed consumption efficiency (FCE) slightly improved over time but does not varies (P>0.05) with the control. Broiler meat quality varies significantly with the level of MWP in terms of texture (p=0.0017), tenderness, (p= 0.0001), taste p=0.049) and general acceptability (p=0.0018). However, within these parameters, meat quality of broilers fed with MWP at all levels generally does not vary from the control, except for T2 in terms of taste and tenderness where it is significantly lower compared to the control treatment. MWP does not compromise, in fact, slightly improved the meat quality of broiler chickens. A slight improvement of average daily gain in weight (ADG), body weight (BW), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and meat quality; and a decrease in feed consumption (FC) with increasing levels of MWP is an indication that MWP is a potential feed additive in chickens. Another study to layer chickens and age of administration maybe done to investigate further the potential of MWP.

Effects of Feeding of Two Potentially Probiotic Preparations from Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Performance and Faecal Microflora of Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two probiotic preparations, containing live lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 and Lactobacillus casei CECT 4043) and their products of fermentation (organic acids and bacteriocins), as a replacement for antibiotics in stimulating health and growth of broiler chickens. The effects of the supplementation of both preparations (with proven probiotic effect in weaned piglets) and an antibiotic (avilamycin) on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed consumption efficiency (FCE), relative intestinal weight, and intestinal microbiota counts were studied in 1-day posthatch chickens. The experiments were conducted with medium-growth Sasso X44 chickens housed in cages and with nutritional stressed Ross 308 broiler distributed in pens. Consumption of the different diets did not affect significantly the final coliform counts in Sasso X44 chickens. However, counts of lactic acid bacteria and mesophilic microorganisms were higher in the animals receiving the two probiotic preparations (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, although no differences in BWG were observed between treatments, Ross 308 broilers receiving the probiotic Lactobacillus preparation exhibited the lowest FCE values and were considered the most efficient at converting feed into live weight.

Reflects of graded levels of cassava peel-based diets on performance carcass quality and physio-pathology of broilers in the humid topics.

Eight diets were produced to contain 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5% processed cassava peel at 24 and 20% crude protein levels respectively. The diets were made isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to cobb broilers for ten weeks. Results obtain indicated that up to 15.0% cassava peel could be incorporated in broiler diets without adverse effects on the final weight, feed consumption efficiency, and dressed weight (P&gt; 0.05). Slight increases (P&gt; 0.05) were recorded in the giblet weights, calorific value of edible meat. The abdominal fat pad increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with cassava inclusion. Mortality value increased slightly (P&gt; 0.05) with higher levels of peel inclusion, probably due to higher morbidity encountered with increasing crude fibre and HCN contents of cassava peel based diets. Serum thiocynanate values were higher (P &lt; 0.05) at 22.5% level of inclusion and at lower protein diets. Cyanide intake was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) correlated with daily weight gain, serum protein, urea, thiocynanate and Nitrogen retention values. There were no gross histological lesions in the tissues of the test animal.Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research Vol. 1 (1) 1994: pp. 19-24