Federal University Research Articles

Non-technical skills training for Nigerian interprofessional surgical teams: a cross-sectional survey.

Non-technical skills (NTS) including communication, teamwork, leadership, situational awareness, and decision making, are essential for enhancing surgical safety. Often perceived as tangential soft skills, NTS are many times not included in formal medical education curricula or continuing medical professional development. We aimed to explore exposure of interprofessional teams in North-Central Nigeria to NTS and ascertain perceived facilitators and barriers to interprofessional training in these skills to enhance surgical safety and inform design of a relevant contextualized curriculum. Six health facilities characterised by high surgical volumes in Nigeria's North-Central geopolitical zone were purposively identified. Federal, state, and private university teaching hospitals, non-teaching public and private hospitals, and a not-for-profit health facility were included. A nineteen-item, web-based, cross-sectional survey was distributed to 71 surgical providers, operating room nurses, and anaesthesia providers by snowball sampling through interprofessional surgical team leads from August to November 2021. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test, proportions, and constant comparative methods for free text responses. Respondents included 17 anaesthesia providers, 21 perioperative nurses, and 29 surgeons and surgical trainees, with a 95.7% survey completion rate. Over 96% had never heard of any NTS for surgery framework useful for variable resource contexts and only 8% had ever received any form of NTS training. Interprofessional teams identified communication and teamwork as the most deficient personal skills (38, 57%), and as the most needed for surgical team improvement (45, 67%). There was a very high demand for NTS training by all surgical team members (64, 96%). The main motivations for training were expectations of resultant improved patient safety and improved interprofessional team dynamics. Week-long, hybrid training courses (with combined in-person and online components) were the preferred format for delivery of NTS education. Factors that would facilitate attendance included a desire for patient safety and self-improvement, while barriers to attendance were conflicts of time, and training costs. Interprofessional surgical teams in the Nigerian context have a high degree of interest in NTS training, and believe it can improve team dynamics, personal performance, and ultimately patient safety. Implementation of NTS training programs should emphasize interprofessional communication and teamworking.

The Indiscriminate Use of Pesticides could Increase the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review

Aims: This review aims to perform an extensive literature search about the pesticides problems and to associate with AD in qualitative analysis, mainly. Place and Duration of Study: Biomathematics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil. Entre outubro de 2023 a abril de 2024. Methodology: For the purpose of this systematic review, articles from 2014 onwards with the descriptors Alzheimer's disease and pesticides; neurodegenerative diseases and pesticides, were sought. Among these, articles considered most pertinent to the objective of the present review were utilized, i.e., those whose subject matter was associated with the effects of pesticides, especially glyphosate, on dementias, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: After analyzed 35,590 articles, and applying exclusion criteria to journals with an impact factor equal to or lower than 4 and including topics most relevant to the objectives of this work, 35,526 articles were excluded, resulting in 64 remaining articles, of which 40 were qualitative in scope and 24 were quantitative. The articles considered most suitable for the objective of the present review were utilized, i.e., those whose topic was associated with the effects of pesticides, especially glyphosate, on dementia. The criteria for scrutinizing articles included a journal impact factor equal to or greater than 4 and the removal of duplicate articles using the freely accessible EndNote program from Web of Science. Articles and books on history and those outside the scope of the pesticide/AD relationship did not follow the criterion of having an impact factor equal to or greater than 4. Conclusion: There appears to be a relationship between the increase in pesticide use, particularly Glyphosate, and the rise in Alzheimer's disease prevalence.

A proposal for addressing life cycle thinking in the materials engineering course

This study analyzes the prospects for integrating Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) into the curriculum of the Materials Engineering course. Furthermore, it provides lesson plans to support educators in implementing LCT into their teaching practices. A mapping of the Pedagogical Project of the Materials Engineering Course at the Federal University of Piauí, Brazil, was carried out to identify elements related to LCT. Subsequently, course programs were analyzed to identify those that addressed LCT perspectives or had the potential for inclusion. The analysis was facilitated by a constructed tool, called a guideline, based on the scientific literature on the subject. The Materials Engineering course curriculum is not aligned with sustainability and LCT approaches. A gap was identified between what is proposed in the Pedagogical Project of the Course and the course programs. Thus, there is a need for clear guidelines to support the implementation of LCT in teaching practice, defining what to teach and how to teach it. The exclusivity of this study lies in proposing lesson plans to integrate LCT that were specifically developed for the Materials Engineering course but have the potential to be used and/or adapted for other Engineering courses. The proposal of nine lesson plans for various subjects fills the gap between LCT theory and its practical application in Engineering education. It is essential to prepare future engineers with knowledge and skills to tackle the challenges of a constantly changing world to create a more sustainable future. Limitations should be considered when interpreting the results, such as the lack of practical implementation of proposed lesson plans with students. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct additional studies aiming at practical applications using the LCT approach in engineering education.

The Entrepreneurial Content in the Industrial Design Curriculum in Southwest Nigeria: Textile Design Techniques and Trends

This paper explored the incorporation of entrepreneurial content in the industrial design curriculum in universities in Southwest Nigeria, with a specific focus on textile design. Acknowledging the landscape of the global textile industry and the cultural significance of textiles in Southwest Nigeria, the study examined the existing industrial design curriculum, highlighting the level of consideration given to entrepreneurship in the development of the curriculum. The study adopted the content analysis approach to investigate the entrepreneurial content of textile design in the industrial design curriculum. The industrial design curriculum of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) was selected because FUTA is the only university offering the industrial design curriculum in the region. The curriculum was analyzed across all levels, the entrepreneurial courses were highlighted based on the course synopsis while other courses were classified as general courses. The study revealed that entrepreneurship was given good consideration during the development of the curriculum. It was therefore recommended that the curriculum be updated regularly to ensure it remains relevant and meets the entrepreneurial needs of the students.

Managing Dust in Academic Libraries

Abstract The study investigates dust management at the Albert Ilemobade library, The Federal University of Technology Akure. Dust deposition and accumulation poses a major challenge for the university library as all the units, sections, and divisions are affected. Dust not only adversely affects all materials, equipment, and facilities including books, audiovisual collections, and computers, but also constitutes a health hazard to library personnel and users. Major sources of dust include visitor activities and infiltration through openings like windows and doors. Dust mats, special computer enclosures, dusters, dust blowers, and respiratory masks were made available for dust protection and management in the library. The library lacked equipment like High Efficiency Particulate Arresting (HEPA) filters and dust collection, and suppressions systems. Lack of awareness and training, inadequate funding, and lack of equipment were identified as the challenges to dust management in the library.

Study of the Relation between Aging and Pesticides: A Review

Aims: The main aim of this study was to use specific data from the literature on ageing, correlating this with the pesticide contamination, in order to understand the relationship with an increasingly ageing population. Study Design: A systematic review was performed. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biomathematics of the Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between April 2023 and August 2023. Methodology: A systematic search of articles was performed using the CAPES Periodic platform, a searcher from the Education Ministry of Brazil that contains Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, from August 2020 to May 2023. For this review, the subject’s “aging theory”; “neuroscience and pathologies to aging”; “aging and aging-associated changes”; “pesticides and pesticide toxicity”; “pesticide toxicity and neurotoxicity”; “longevity and healthy aging”; “aging human and pesticides” were searched together using the type of material “articles” in English language. Some articles about “population growth”; “world population”; “population-aging” were used for epistemological composition of this work content subjects. Results: From the 19.720 articles after the exclusion and the inclusion criteria made with the subjects most pertinent to the objectives of this work; 19.570 articles were excluded, remaining 150 ones, of which 116 were qualitative in scope and 34 quantitative. Conclusion: The complex relationship between the pesticide contamination and the condition of the exposed individual may be associated with premature ageing and a greater susceptibility to debilitating age-related diseases. Although technology is increasingly improved in its innovations, health and environmental regulations have not been able to rid the production processes of their potential to pollute the environment and cause health problems for those exposed to them.

КАРУСЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ РЕСУРСНЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ НА АБРАЗИВНЫЙ ИЗНОС

When developing new methods to make hardening coatings on the cutting tool surfaces of tilling machines, the main characteristic parameter determining the ability to serve for a long time, resisting external environmental influences and mechanical wear, is wear resistance. At the same time, this parameter should be determined before life tests in the field. Various stands and installations are available for this purpose. Each of them is characterized by their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, based on the specific production conditions, new devices are being developed. In this paper, a rotary-table installation of a specific design is developed for life tests of abrasive wear of various parts. A patent is obtained for it. The differences of this installation from existing analogues are the following: 1 – the pressure of the abrasive material layer on the test sample is regulated by deepening the sample into the abrasive medium; 2 - the test sample is under constant influence of the abrasive material by filling it with the required amount of abrasive materials; 3 – higher efficiency of the installation. This is achieved due to lower power consumption in the absence of friction forces between the sample bracket and the abrasive material. Comparative life tests were carried out for two harrow teeth, the original tooth and the hardened one. The harrow teeth were tested on a simplified model of a developed installation. An experimental inverter vibration control unit of Kazan Federal University was used for treatment. Hardening was performed with a multi-rod electrode at an arc current of 60A. The frequency of the electrode vibration is 100 Hz. Tests show that the service life of hardened harrow teeth when treated by a vibrating arc with a multi-rod electrode is about 5-6 times higher than the service life of factory harrow teeth.

PROJECT OF A DASHBOARD FOR BRAZILIAN CENTERS AFFILIATED WITH CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL BLOOD AND MARROW RESEARCH

Since the first hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed at the Federal University Hospital (Curitiba, PR) in 1979, the number of centers offering this modality of treatment has increased. However, accessing comprehensive HSCT outcomes has become a challenge due to lack of an official Brazilian registry. The partnership between the Brazilian Cellular Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplant Society (SBTMO) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Research (CIBMTR) was an important milestone in the establishment of the HSCT Brazilian registry (HSCTBR). By using CIBMTR’s Data Back to Center (DBtC) tool, we have gained insights into HSCT outcomes through the Brazilian Summary Slides. While understanding the country's transplant scenario is crucial, it is equally important for each center to assess their own outcomes. In order to help the Brazilian centers with the CIBMTR, the data manager of SBTMO working group has developed a business tool solution to facilitate this important task.

“What Scares Me Is the Speed at Which Artificial Intelligence Is Developing”: Students' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Language Teaching

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes an integral part of our daily lives, the concern of the teaching community about the illegal use of these technologies in the educational process is increasing. In order to adapt the education system and teaching practices to new technological challenges, it is necessary to analyze the opinions of all the parties concerned. The purpose of this study is to identify the attitude of students of Kazan Federal University to the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process and the practice of their application in foreign languages learning process. To achieve this goal, an online survey of students of Kazan Federal University was conducted. The survey touched upon the practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in language teaching, the advantages and disadvantages of AI tools from the students’ point of view, as well as their opinion regarding the prospects of AI in education. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that at the moment AI tools are not widespread enough in teaching foreign languages. Only one-fifth of the respondents use these tools, but the respondents’ comments suggest that the number of users will grow. The attitude of students towards the use of AI is ambiguous, with responses ranging from enthusiastic to skeptical. Students’ positive impressions are mainly related to saving time and effort, as well as to the ability of AI to present complex materials with understandable language. Among the main disadvantages, the respondents noted unreliability of data and fake content. Despite the fact that students are generally positive about the use of AI, a significant part of respondents do not trust software products such as ChatGPT, since, in their opinion, it provides answers of average quality that need to be corrected. Based on the data obtained, the authors attempted to formulate recommendations on improving the methods of teaching and control in the process of teaching foreign languages at universities.

ANALYSIS OF MICRO-NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION OF COCOYAM (COLOCASIAE ESCULENTA) AND SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L) LEAVES IN MELON SOUP

The study focused on developing an eco-friendly discharge printing paste for dyed cotton fabrics at suitable concentration and pH combined with a neutral thickener was conducted at Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The study involved controlling the flow and concentration of bleaches, a process that led to irregular prints and fabric tear. Five household bleaches with known percentage concentration of sodium hypochlorite - Bleach-A: 0.36% (3.56 g/dm3); Bleach-B: 3.5% (34.00g/dm3); Bleach-C: 1.15% (11.48g/dm3); Bleach-D: 4.29% (42.92g/dm3) and Bleach-E: 0.06% (0.57g/dm3) were used for the study. A neutral thickener was developed to control the flow of bleach by combining different amounts of modified starch (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0g) and water (125 ml) to achieve a variety of consistency at 20oC. The produced thickener was then combined with varying volumes (15, 25, 35) of 4.29% bleach (pH =11.4), to create a discharge paste. Lastly, five coloured cotton textiles (black, brown, navy-blue, purple, and army-green) were used to test the developed discharge paste using screen printing. The outcome demonstrated that purple and black colours were difficult to discharge. The neutral thickener containing modified starch (6.0g), water (125ml) mixed with 35ml of 4.29% hypochlorite bleach to create discharge paste, produced right consistency for a printing paste and had a pH of 9.66. The pH test results, indicated that it was safe to use on cotton fabrics. In conclusion, the discharged paste (6.0g modified starch, 125ml water, and 35ml 4.3% hypochlorite bleach) produced regular, repeating designs on cotton fabrics that were dyed without causing damage to the fabric.

University absorptive capacity: Normative and perceived assessments

University absorptive capacity: Normative and perceived assessments

Syphilis in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: Anationwide longitudinal study in Brazil.

The present study aimed to evaluate the association between syphilis in pregnancy and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. This longitudinal study used Brazilian National Information System for livebirths (SINASC) linked to the gestational syphilis cases from Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) from 2011 to 2017. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to compare the birth outcomes of pregnant women with and without syphilis. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Collective Health of the Federal University of Bahia (CAAE: registration no. 18022319.4.0000.5030). A total of 17 930 817 live births were included in the study. Of these, 155 214 (8.7/1000) were exposed to syphilis during pregnancy. Maternal syphilis increased the odds of low birth weight (aOR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.85-1.91), small for gestational age (aOR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.51-1.56), and preterm birth (aOR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.33-1.37). Higher odds were observed for pregnant women with VDRL titer ≥64 and untreated maternal syphilis when compared to mothers without syphilis. Analysis stratified by prenatal care showed higher odds for all adverse birth outcomes for mothers attending ≤6 prenatal appointments. Our findings showed a strong association between gestational syphilis and adverse birth outcomes with increased odds observed among women with higher VDRL titers, lack of treatment, and fewer prenatal appointments. These results highlight the need for adequate screening and treatment for gestational syphilis during pregnancy to mitigate the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Abstract PO5-24-07: HER2 EXPRESSION HETEROGENEITY PATTERN IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAS: FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABLES

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a critical contributor to breast cancer development, is found to be amplified and overexpressed in approximately 15-20% of cases, making it a significant factor in carcinogenesis. This scenario was targeted by anti-HER2 drugs approved by several regulatory agencies in the past 15 years. Recently, novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) were approved to metastatic breast cancer with some HER2 expression albeit not due to amplification of the gene. Despite being classified as HER2 negative, most of these tumors exhibit detectable amounts of HER2 protein, reinforcing the challenging task of HER2 expression evaluation. In this scenario, it is very important to evaluate the spectrum of HER2 expression within a tumor due to its heterogeneity. We designed a retrospective linear study to reanalyze all HER2 immunohistochemical core biopsy slides of patients with primary invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) diagnosed and treated at São Paulo Federal University Hospital between 2019 and 2023. Pathological variables (histological subtype, histological grading, and hormonal receptors expression) were collected in pathology reports. Only patients with available slides and blocks were enrolled. HER2 slides were evaluated by three observers in consensus to access ASCO-CAP 2018 guidelines HER2 expression; presence or absence of HER2 expression heterogeneity; pattern of heterogeneity; frequency of the primary and secondary HER2 score in heterogeneous cases; and frequency of HER2 score in cases with homogeneous expression. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-Square and Mann–Whitney U test using SSPS (26.0) program. 353 cases were included in this study. 104 (29,5%) were under 50 years and 249 (70,5%) over 50 years. 54,1% cases were left sided and 45,9% right sided. IBC of no special type comprehended 324 cases (91,8%) and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) were represented by 26 cases (7,4%); less than 1% of the cases were rare subtypes. Overall, HER2 results was negative in 296 (83,9%) cases and positive in 42 (11,9%) cases; HER2 2+ accounted by 15 cases (4,2%). Out of the negative cases, 235 (79.4%) were classified as 0+ and 61 (20.6%) were classified as 1+. Homogenous HER2 expression was observed in 287 cases (81,3%) with predominance of 0+ expression (80,8% - 232 cases), followed by 1+ (9,4% - 27 cases). ITH was present in 66 cases (18,7%), in which the subtyping was represented by 39 scattered (59,1%), 25 clustered (37,9%) and 2 mosaic (3%). The most prevalent score in this group was 1+ (51,5% - 34 cases), followed by 3+ (25,8% - 17 cases); the secondary score was predominantly categorized as 0+ (58,3%), followed by 1+ (20%) and 2+ (20%); only one case showed as 3+ expression. In the ILC group, 24 cases (92,3%) exhibited homogeneous HER2 expression, with predominant 0+ score (75% - 18 cases), while 2 cases (7,7%) showed heterogeneous expression. Out of the cases with heterogeneous HER2 expression, one exhibited a clustered heterogeneity pattern, with a primary HER2 score of 1+ and a secondary score of 0+. The other case displayed a scattered heterogeneity pattern, with a primary HER2 score of 3+ and a secondary score of 2+. There was a statistically significant association between HER2 expression heterogeneity and histologic grade (p = 0.005), and a marginal association with estrogen (p = 0.060) and progesterone (p = 0.060) expression. Tumor size wasn’t associated with heterogeneity (p = 0,071). We conclude that heterogeneity is prevalent in HER2 expression, especially in IBC, and should be addressed in pathology reports, especially in the ADCs scenario. Citation Format: Angela Flavia Waitzberg, Lucas de Figueiredo Barbosa, Adilson Monteiro dos Santos Filho, Ana Luiza da Cruz, Lisandra Gonzalez Porta Nova, Karla Calaça Kabbach Prigenzi. HER2 EXPRESSION HETEROGENEITY PATTERN IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAS: FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABLES [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-24-07.

Abstract PO2-29-02: Towards Precision Medicine in Breast Imaging: A Novel Open Mammography Database with Tailor-Made 3D Image Retrieval for Artificial Intelligence and Teaching

Abstract Objectives: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasia and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries hold the worst survival rates mainly owing to a lack of access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment related resources. For proper early diagnosis, it is established that besides the physical structure itself (e.g., mammography units), there's a need for adequate interpretation of imaging and that might be a particularly major problem in low-income societies once there is a tendency of greater education setbacks. Mammography datasets can improve this resource-driven gap by enabling the development of artificial intelligence technologies (AI) which can make breast cancer diagnosis more accurate in a cost-effective and scalable way. We aim to create a new database of high quality digital mammography images suitable for AI development and education. Methods: Our mammography database was developed by means of retrospective selection of 100 exams performed by Hospital São Paulo - Federal University of São Paulo ranging from 2019 to 2023. The project is assumed to be safe, versatile, and usable, and required an extensive search for the appropriate tool. Ambra Health, an American company, has developed cloud-based software for medical image management and stood out as a viable alternative. Their platform meets international data security criteria, they also made the intended careful customization possible, in addition to the possibility of associating image and text attachments. The categories were created in accordance with the BI-RADS® descriptors, a wide range of clinical scenarios and additional materials available, and they served as the basis for the advanced search feature, which intuitively filters exams that meet the selected criteria simultaneously. The platform was integrated with an automatic anonymization system upon upload, ensuring data privacy. After submission, the exams are retained in a restricted area for anonymization verification, categorization, and attachment management, before being released to the end-user. So as to broaden geographic coverage, the descriptors were entered in American English, respecting the origin of the BI-RADS® lexicon, as for the website structure, automatic translation to the accessing browser standard language was selected. Results: Our website is active and available at http://mamografia.unifesp.br, with access granted upon a simple registration process. 941 mammography images from 100 anonymized cases, 62% of which include 3D images, can be filtered based on the combination of 113 clinical and imaging variables, as well as attachment availability. The language is adaptable to the user's native language, and categorized searches can be accessed directly from the browser or downloaded as customized datasets. Additionally, features such as saved searches or starred exams are also available. Conclusion: We have developed an online and free mammography database that is completely innovative by integrating various resources into a single platform. We provide high-resolution and 3D digital images that can be searched using an advanced search system. Moreover, we offer supplementary clinical information in various attachment formats, favoring a rich clinical correlation. In this way, we have achieved the ambivalence of our goal, which was to promote education and research. *"images speak louder than words" Database: https://mamografia.unifesp.br Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/@Mamografiaunifesp e-mail: acesso@mamografia.unifesp.br password: acesso@mamografia12 (valid until dec/23) Citation Format: Natália Cordeiro, Gil Facina, Afonso Nazário, Vanessa Sanvido, Joaquim Araujo Neto, Morgana Silva, Simone Elias. Towards Precision Medicine in Breast Imaging: A Novel Open Mammography Database with Tailor-Made 3D Image Retrieval for Artificial Intelligence and Teaching [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-29-02.

Abstract PO4-15-11: HER2 STATUS AND TUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAS: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL IMPACT

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in breast carcinogenesis with a range of 15-20% of cases harboring gene amplification and overexpression turning the tumor eligible to over eight anti-HER2 drugs in the past 15 years. Recently, novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) treatment was recently approved to metastatic breast cancer bearing some HER2 expression albeit not due to gene amplification. Immunohistochemically classified, by ASCO-CAP Guidelines (2018), as 1+ cases were enrolled in clinical trials and benefited by the addition of ADCs to chemotherapy. Despite being classified as HER2 negative, most tumors exhibit detectable levels of HER2 protein, reinforcing the importance of HER2 expression evaluation. HER-2 intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is reported in up to 40% of breast cancers and is defined as the coexistence of subpopulations of tumor cells with different HER2 gene or protein expression. In this scenario, it becomes very important to evaluate the spectrum of HER-2 expression in correlation with pathological factors as ITH is associated with poor prognosis and anti-HER2 resistance. We designed a retrospective linear study to reanalyze all HER2 immunohistochemical core biopsy slides of patients with primary invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) diagnosed and treated at São Paulo Federal University Hospital between 2019 and 2023. Clinical variables (age, laterality, tumor size by ultrasound imaging, BI-RADS) were collected from clinical files. HER2 slides were reviewed by three observers and reported regarding status by ASCO-CAP 2018 guidelines, HER2 heterogeneity and patterns. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-Square test of independence, Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test using IBM® SPSS® Statistics (26.0) software. 353 cases were included; the mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 58 years old. 191 cases (54,1%) were left sided and 162 cases (45,9%) were right sided. Regarding BI-RADS report, the major category was 4 (140 cases), followed by 5 (119 cases). Out of the 164 patients who underwent clinical follow-up at our institute, 14 deaths were reported. Concerning pathological features, IBC of no special type was the prevalent histological subtype with 304 cases (86,1%), followed by invasive lobular carcinoma, with 26 cases (7,4%). 296 cases (83,9%) were HER2 negative and 42 (11,9%) were HER2 positive; 15 cases were HER2 2+ (4,2%). Amongst negative cases, 235 were HER2 0+ and 61 were HER2 1+. Considering ITH, 287 cases (81,3%) were HER2 homogenous with 0+ score as the most prevalent, presenting with 232 cases (80%). 66 cases (18,7%) had ITH, with 1+ as the most prevalent primary score, with 34 cases (51,5%), followed by 3+, with 17 cases (25,8%). Not only HER2 positive carcinomas, but also the presence of heterogeneity in HER2 expression was associated with death outcome (p=0,003 and p=0,001, respectively). Also, HER2 positive IBC had larger tumor size compared to HER2 negative carcinomas (mean size of 25,6 mm x 31,3 mm, respectively; p=0,012); HER2 heterogeneity showed no statistical significance when associated with tumor size (p=0,165). We conclude that ITH is prevalent in HER2 expression and should be addressed in pathology reports since it may play an additional role in tumor progression and drug response, especially in the ADCs scenario. Citation Format: Karla Calaça Kabbach Prigenzi, Lisandra Gonzalez Porta Nova, Adilson Monteiro dos Santos Filho, Ana Luiza da Cruz, Lucas de Figueiredo Barbosa, Angela Flavia Waitzberg. HER2 STATUS AND TUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAS: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL IMPACT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-15-11.

Abstract PO3-15-02: TP53 GENE POLYMORPHISM AT CODON 72 AS A RESPONSE PREDICTOR FOR NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent in women in the world and has shown extensive changes in treatment in recent decades. More patients are undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy in order to achieve pathological complete response (CPR) and perform less aggressive surgeries. CPR increases overall and disease-free survival and the decrease in tumor size increases the chances of conservative surgery. We have numerous studies that propose to discover CPR markers. Predictive factors of response to chemotherapy are important for treatment planning and the P53 gene, apoptosis-inducing gene, plays a role in inducing response to chemotherapy drugs that act by inducing apoptosis. The presence of mutations and genetic polymorphisms act by modulating this response. Among these, the codon 72 polymorphism is one of the most studied, as its polymorphic variants Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro encode a p53 with different functioning at the cell level. So, individuals with different polymorphisms will have different apoptotic action and different response to chemotherapy treatments. Objectives: Based on this knowledge, the study sought to correlate the polymorphism variants at codon 72 with the complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Casuistic and Methods: The study was carried out at an oncology center in the state of Sergipe, in northeastern Brazil. A total of 206 patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and core needle biopsy of the breast at the beginning of treatment were included in the stud,in the period from 2019 to 2022. From these patients, oral swab samples were collected for PCR evaluation of the P53 polymorphism at codon 72. The polymorphisms were studied using the Sanger technique at the Sao Paulo School of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). Patients were prospectively evaluated after surgery to verify the surgical pathological response after chemotherapy. Pathologic response was assessed using the RECIST criteria. The study was evaluated and approved by the ethics and research committee of UNIFESP and all patients signed an informed consent form. Results: Of the 206, 18.4% met the exclusion criteria (did not undergo surgery, interrupted chemotherapy treatment, insufficient genetic material in the swab, loss of follow-up). Of the 168 patients analyzed, 44.6% were Arg/Arg, 17.3% Pro/Pro and 38.0% Arg/Pro. Complete pathological response (PCR) was obtained in 21.4% of the patients, 10.1% had progressive disease (PD), 13.7% had stable disease (SD) and 54.2% had partial pathological response (PPR). Of the patients who achieved RPC, 47.2% were Arg/Arg, 38.9% Arg/Pro and 13.9% Pro/Pro without statistical significance, among the variants of polymorphisms. The only predictor of CPR in multivariate regression was immunohistochemistry (p< 0.001). The only predictor of CPR in multivariate regression was immunohistochemistry (p< 0.001) Conclusion: The P53 polymorphism at codon 72 is not a predictor of complete pathological response, but the Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro polymorphisms increase the chances of stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: Jussane Vieira, Afonso Nazário, João Pesquero. TP53 GENE POLYMORPHISM AT CODON 72 AS A RESPONSE PREDICTOR FOR NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-15-02.

Abstract PO5-21-02: Breast cancer screening based on physical breast examination: ITABERAÍ randomized trial

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 70% of the Brazilian population depends on the public healthcare system (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). However, only 16% of SUS users have access to mammography for breast cancer screening, which necessitates the evaluation of new strategies to reduce mortality from the disease, including expanding physical breast examination (PBE) by non-medical professionals. Within the primary healthcare network, the Community Health Agent (CHA) is a technical-level professional who performs activities through home visits. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of screening actions based on PBE performed by CHA in reducing advanced tumors (Stage III and IV) and breast cancer mortality rates. Secondary objectives include comparing the number of breast cancer diagnoses between the groups, establishing the overdiagnosis rate, comparing cancer-specific survival, comparing overall survival, comparing the number of diagnostic procedures, assessing the interval between the first symptom and diagnosis, evaluating the interval between diagnosis and the start of treatment, and comparing the financial cost of diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer patients. Trial design: Multicenter, phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial. The target population comprises women aged 40 years or older and users of SUS. The randomization process will be carried out based on the spatial analysis of each participating center, using sociodemographic information on women from each macroregion to verify the homogeneity of data between groups. Intervention: After randomization, CHA in each group underwent training at different times. CHA in the CG received guidance on breast cancer screening and prevention according to Ministry of Health recommendations, while CHA in the IG received the same guidance and participated in theoretical and practical training for PBE (only female professionals). Variables and data collection: An application was developed to be installed on mobile devices, which the CHA used during home visits. The graphical interface of the application was developed in Dart/Flutter. For the backend, Python programming language was used along with the Flask framework to create the Application Programming Interface (API) responsible for the communication between the database and the application. The MySQL software was used for the relational database. The variables used for building the application included sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits, medical history, information on previous examinations, and physical breast examination. Statistical analysis: For the analyses, the database will be exported to the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) platform. The calculations were defined to detect a reduction in severe cases and mortality (10% and 20%, respectively). For this purpose, a sample power of 80% and a Type I error of 5% were adopted after adjusting for intraclass correlation and sampling effect (0.032 and 1.892, respectively). The calculations were estimated using nQuery software (version 9.1). For the city of Itaberaí, a population of 1,894 women was estimated in each group, resulting in a total of 3,788. Present and target accrual: The trial was activated in December 2022, and as of June 30th, 2023, 2,467 patients had been accrued. The study will last for 16 years, and the first data analyses will be conducted in 2024. Registration and ethical aspects: The trial is registered in ReBEC (Brazilian register): RBR-39vm2nd. Contact information: Prof. Dr. Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Federal University of Goiás, ruffojr@terra.com.br. Citation Format: Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Danielle Rodrigues, Rosangela Corrêa, Leonardo Soares. Breast cancer screening based on physical breast examination: ITABERAÍ randomized trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-21-02.

Abstract PO5-14-04: FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis of Lipid Region: Distinguishing Breast Cancer from Benign Breast Diseases Using PCA-SVM

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed type worldwide, with 2.26 million new cases in 2020. Mammography is the preferred screening method, but it has limitations such as radiation exposure and low sensitivity in dense breasts. Therefore, there is a need for accurate diagnostic methods to detect breast cancer and distinguish benign conditions. Objective: This study aimed to develop an automated tool for the comparison of lipid spectral region in benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) to determine their potential diagnostic value using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Methods: This study was conducted at a Clinical Hospital in Uberlandia, MG, Brazil, after approval by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Uberlandia, and all subjects provided written informed consent. Women who went to the Clinical Hospital for breast surgery were invited to participate in the study as volunteers. After surgery and histopathological analysis, the tumors and lesions found were classified according to histological type, staging, and the status of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. A total of 60 women participated in the study, of whom 27 had BBD, and 33 had BC. Spectra were measured in the wavenumber range of 4000 cm-1 to 650 cm-1 using an Agilent Cary 600 Series FTIR spectrometer coupled to an MCT detector. The air spectrum was used as a background before each sample analysis. The sample spectra were obtained in triplicate, with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1, and 128 scans were performed for each measurement. The infrared spectra were analyzed after undergoing preprocessing, which involved positive baseline rubberband normalization, normalization by minimum and maximum, and application of the second derivative. Results: The region of 3050-2800 cm-1 was able to differentiate BC from BBD using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by the support vector machine algorithm (PCA-SVM) with an accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 88%, and specificity of 70%. This range corresponds to the vibration of lipids, and it is known that changes in the contents of biomolecules in the serum, an increase or decrease, can be related to the presence or absence of BC. The implementation of this approach in clinical practice may automate the diagnosis of BC, monitoring whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary throughout the treatment. FTIR can potentially assist in clinical decision-making regarding follow-up or biopsy recommendations, avoiding unnecessary biopsies that are more invasive and expensive than blood collection, and which often cause significant anxiety to the patient even if the lesion is not highly suspicious. Conclusion: This study shows that it is possible to detect BC with good accuracy through a minimally invasive, fast, and cost-effective method analyzing the lipid spectral region using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by the support vector machine algorithm (PCA-SVM). Citation Format: Juliana Pereira, Alinne Faria, Izabella Ferreira, Letícia Santos, Donizeti Santos, Marcelo Maia, Ohanna Costa, Raul Freitas, Carlos Paiva, Yara Maia. FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis of Lipid Region: Distinguishing Breast Cancer from Benign Breast Diseases Using PCA-SVM [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-14-04.

Assessment of Macro and Micro Mineral Compositions at Different Depths of Forest Nursery Soils in Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria

Forest soil is characteristically fundamental in the establishment of healthy seedlings for eventual planting out on the field. It is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air, and numerous microorganisms. Two forest nursery soils at different depths were investigated at the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB) for their mineral compositions. With the aid of a soil auger, twenty soil samples were randomly collected from different points in two sites at different depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, air dried and taken to the laboratory for further analysis. Site 1 and site 2 (frequently cultivated portion for agroforestry bare-root seedlings and intermittently used portion). The obtained data were subjected to descriptive statistics. The composition of mineral elements varied with sites and depths. The level of Potassium was higher at depths 0 – 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm in site 2 than other macro-minerals (Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium) when compared between sites. The order of concentration includes K>Mg>Na>Ca. Micro-minerals were significantly higher at soil depth 0 – 15 cm in site 2 than site 1 (Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu). At soil depth 15 – 30 cm, levels of copper, zinc and manganese were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in site 1 with the following trend Cu>Fe>Zn>Mn. The study showed that forest nursery soils varied in their mineral composition along with depth in the studied sites. Site 2 had better physicochemical properties and higher level of some essential minerals needed for good performance of seedling growth at nursery stage.

Abstract PO5-27-04: The epidemiological profile and lifestyle of non-village indigenous women from Amazonas, Brazil and the likely impact on breast cancer mortality

Abstract Introduction: The high and growing incidence of breast cancer is a reality in almost every continent. However, the low mortality from this neoplasm among indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil, is an intriguing fact (table 1). Inspite having a lower life expectancy at birth, the magnitude of low mortality is even greater. Indigenous women have gradually integrated into the non-indigenous community, and the reality of low mortality from breast cancer may be at risk of not existing in the future if the justification is in their reproductive epidemiological profile and lifestyle. Objective: This work seeks to find variables that can justify the fact that indigenous women from the Amazon region die less from breast cancer when compared to non-indigenous women. To achieve this, we evaluated reproductive epidemiological factors and lifestyle in non-village indigenous women and compared them with the same data in non-indigenous women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of a convenience sample in which all indigenous people treated at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of the Getúlio Vargas University Hospital of the Federal University of Amazonas were invited to participate from September 2020 to March 2023. There were 126 women: 39 non-village indigenous people who have lived in Manaus for more than 5 years and are integrated into society, 47 non-village indigenous people who live in riverside and interior populations of Amazonas - or in Manaus for less than 5 years - and 40 non-indigenous individuals. A questionnaire in interview format was administered with the objective of evaluating epidemiological and reproductive aspects such as age, education, BMI, menarche, parity, age at first pregnancy, breastfeeding, use of hormonal medications as well as lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, use of herbs, roots and seeds for therapeutic purposes and practice of religious devotional habits. Results: There was no difference in age, BMI, education, menarche and parity between the interviewed patients, nor in the assessment of the consumption of milk, sugar, fruits, vegetables and legumes, smoking habits, alcohol intake or physical activity between the groups. Indigenous women living in Manaus had a lower age at first pregnancy when compared to non-indigenous women. The variable “breastfeeding time” did not reach statistical significance but demonstrated a very close index (p 0.058) and a tendency to suggest that indigenous people, regardless of their place of residence, breastfeed for a longer duration. Non-indigenous women had a longer history of using hormonal medications when compared to indigenous women living in Manaus. Regarding meat consumption habits, indigenous women living in riverside and interior populations showed higher percentages of sporadic consumption of beef, sporadic consumption of wild animals, and daily consumption of white meat compared to non-indigenous people. On the other hand, non-indigenous women had a higher percentage of never having consumed wild animal meat when compared to the two other groups. Among indigenous women from riverside populations, there was a lower percentage of religious practices. The consumption of herbs, roots or seeds for therapeutic purposes was more commonly observed among indigenous people living in Manaus when compared to non-indigenous people. Conclusion: No epidemiological or lifestyle variables were found in both groups of indigenous people that justify the low mortality from breast cancer in these women. However, although the variable “breastfeeding time” did not reach statistical significance, it demonstrated a very close index (p 0.058) and a tendency to suggest that indigenous people, regardless of their place of residence, breastfeed for a longer duration. This could be a potential explanation for the low mortality from this disease among indigenous women. Table 1: Participation of breast cancer deaths in the total number of deaths in women over 20 years of age in the State of Amazonas Source: prepared by researchers Table 2 - Menarch, parity (childbirth and miscarage), breastfeed, Family history of breast cancer, image exam Table 3: Red and white meat consumption Citation Format: Maria Riselda Vinhote Da Silva, Lilian Cristina De Souza Guimarães, Afonso Nazário, Mariana Guimaraes De Oliveira Castro. The epidemiological profile and lifestyle of non-village indigenous women from Amazonas, Brazil and the likely impact on breast cancer mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-27-04.