Characteristics Of Public Administration Research Articles

Characteristics of Public Administration in the Provision of Postal Services During Martial Law and Ukraine’s European Integration Policy

Characteristics of Public Administration in the Provision of Postal Services During Martial Law and Ukraine’s European Integration Policy

Entrepreneurship in public administration and public policy programs in Germany and the United States

The following contribution hypothesizes that it is crucial for future professionals in public administrations and organizations to be familiar with the concepts, tools, and techniques of policy, public, and social entrepreneurship to address societal, environmental, health, and wicked problems in an innovative and sustainable way. Attention is drawn to the importance of entrepreneurship as an essential asset and feature of public administration and public policy education at higher educational institutions in Germany and the United States. The paper aims at filling a research gap because knowledge about the interrelationships between entrepreneurship and public administration and public policy education is still underdeveloped. Emphasis is put on the discussion why entrepreneurship should be incorporated in curricula and how study programs have been designed or reformed, while placing emphasis on entrepreneurship in meeting current and complex challenges in the public sector. Findings from a systematic online assessment are presented which show whether and how policy, public and social entrepreneurship are taught as an integral element of current governance and public policy study programs and what difference it makes teaching and learning wise. The findings reflect a high demand for entrepreneurship education by public administration and public policy students, on the one hand, and a low incorporation in curricula, on the other hand. Two case studies from Germany and the United States are presented which serve as good practice examples on how to transfer public, policy, and social entrepreneurship into curricula.

Управлінські аспекти соціально-економічного розвитку держави в контексті євроінтеграції

Розглянуто особливості управління соціально-економічним розвитком держави в контексті євроінтеграції. Проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку в Україні. Розглянуто особливості реалізації державно-управлінських функцій в економіці України. Акцентовано увагу на проблемах, які перешкоджають здійснювати реформи в економіці та соціальній сфері Української держави. Обґрунтовано напрями покращення управління соціально-економічним розвитком в контексті євроінтеграції.

Concepts and signs of public administration

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept in the signs of public administration. It was found that the transition from the state-centric paradigm of state administration to the concept of a service state led to the renewal of the conceptual apparatus of administrative law. There was a need to substantiate the essence and characteristics of public administration, with the help of which the goals of the existence of a service state are realized.It is substantiated that the category “public administration” occupies an important place in modern scientific research. Scientists of public administration are mainly considered as: a) a way of realizing public interest as the interest of a certain social community, united within the territory of the state; b) as a mechanism for the implemen-tation of state policy; c) as the activity of public authorities (or state bodies and local self-government bodies) aimed at achieving socially important goals.It has been established that the definition of the concept of “public administration” in a broad sense depends to a certain extent on the level of development of democratic relations in society. If the state is characterized as democratic, then public administration can be defined as professional, paid, funded from the state and local budgets, the activities of state bodies and local self-government bodies, their officials, aimed at ensuring the rights, needs and interests of man and citizen, civil society, subjects objects of entrepreneurial activity and other participants in public relations within the framework of a unified state (public) policy. In a narrow, technocratic, understanding, public administration of any state can be considered as a set of actions of state-authorized bodies and their officials aimed at implementing public policy measures in all spheres of society.It has been proved that the signs of public administration are: a) the relationship between the direction of actions of persons directly carrying out public administration measures and state (public) policy; b) the professional nature of public administration; c) detailed legal regulation of most of the public administration activities; d) the presence of a distribution of competence between various subjects of public administration in order to avoid duplication of their functions.

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The article considers the features of public administration in the field of intellectual property and the conceptual basis for the formation of its procedures in the European Union. The conceptual bases of formation and development of procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union are opened. The pluralism of approaches to the definition of public administration procedures in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is analyzed. The normative-legal base of procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is given. The acts of the Court of Justice of the European Communities on public administration in the field of intellectual property are analyzed. It is proved that the formation of European private law is due to the purpose of creating and functioning of a common market. It is established that in the national legal systems of European countries the regulation of public relations in the field of intellectual property is given considerable attention. The process of improving the procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the European Union is analyzed and the legal framework of this process is given. A feature of European Union law is to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights through two main mechanisms: harmonization of legislation of member states of the European Union and the introduction of European Union protection documents for various intellectual property. Thus, other partner countries of the European Union, in addition to measures to approximate legislation, may decide on the signing of agreements on entry into the regional European system of protection of certain intellectual property. The member states of the European Union pursue a coherent policy in the field of legal protection and use of intellectual property. Guided by the principle of free movement of goods and services, they focus their efforts primarily on the unification and harmonization of legislation in the field of intellectual property and prevention of the use of intellectual property rights in unfair competition. Within the European Union, a system of direct regulation of the processes of unification and harmonization of legislation in the field of intellectual property, which is especially characteristic of the field of copyright and related rights. The Court of Justice of the European Communities plays a significant role in the unification and harmonization of the legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property. In the absence of appropriate harmonization of national legislation in the field of intellectual property with the principles of free movement of goods and services, as well as freedom of competition, proclaimed by the European Union, the importance of the case law of the European Court of Justice is difficult to overestimate. The beginning of unification and harmonization activities in the field of intellectual property protection is preceded by a stage of case law enforcement practice, which allows to identify existing gaps in legal regulation and solve relevant problems. At present, it is a question of the existence of a special system of intellectual property rights of the European Union, formed in its general features, built on principles different from the traditional national ones, with a special subject of regulation. At the same time, this system is a new legal phenomenon that is developing quite dynamically and rapidly along with national and international legal systems. The legal regulation of intellectual property relations in the European Union aims to ensure a high level of protection of these rights, as they are the legal basis for the protection of the results of creative activity. The conclusion about the urgency of research of problems of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is made.

Vietnam’s Economic Model: features of public administration and investment activity

Vietnam’s Economic Model: features of public administration and investment activity

ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ – СТИМУЛЮЮЧИЙ ЧИННИК ДЕМОКРАТИЗАЦІЇ ОСВІТИ

It is studied that decentralization as a multifaceted phenomenon that determines the centrifugal processes in the state, is both a principle and a method and a feature of public administration. It provides for the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the central government to the lower levels of government and to the private sector. In addition, decentralization presupposes the delegation of certain powers and responsibilities to subordinates, giving them greater freedom of will and, with it, greater responsibility. In the context of the transformation of social processes, the decentralization of management of Ukrainian society is an important factor in stimulating the democratization of education. Occasionally, foreign experience in decentralizing education management and improving its quality at various stages of the educational process should be used. The article emphasizes the possibility of using in Ukraine the following achievements of the Polish experience of decentralization of basic education management: at the national level – on approaches to funding at the local government level, public policy in the field of curricula, textbooks, teacher training, transparent mechanisms for quality control of education (inspection service, external evaluation, education quality monitoring system); at the level of local governments – on the financing of schools and the implementation of educational policy in accordance with local needs, community involvement in education, monitoring the quality of education at the local level; at the level of educational institutions – to involve the public in school development planning, conducting self-assessment of school work. It is determined that the decentralization of public administration, as evidenced by international experience, is a significant incentive for democratization of education, and thus better meet the educational needs of each person, effective use of local resources in education and socialization of education, which is reflected in the spread of new tools of public influence on the education system, increasing the autonomy of educational institutions and their role as public institutions.

Rukovodyashchie kadry i izmeneniya v obshchestvenno-politicheskoj zhizni na Severo-Vostoke SSSR v 1954—1957 gg.

The article explores the features of public administration and the activities of management stuff in the conditions of socio-political changes of the North-East of the USSR in 1954-1957. An important factor in the development of the region was the relationship between the Dalstroy elite and regional party and soviet leaders of the Magadan Oblast, created in December 1953.

Measuring the development of the Hungarian electronic administration

The creation of electronic administration and the measurement of the results achieved have been one of the central themes of research into the development of the information society for two decades. The European Commission publishes annually e-government comparative analyses (eGovernment Benchmark reports), providing insight into the use of ICT in the public sector in the countries examined.
 In recent years, the measuring system has been modified and supplemented several times. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the benchlearning approach assess the performance of eadministration on the basis of additional considerations. Hungary's performance is improving, but still below the EU average. Exploring the causes of the underperformance is a priority for catching up.
 On the basis of a survey of students at the National University of Public Service, the author analyses user characteristics (digital skills, ICT use) and the characteristics of public administration (quality of electronic administration services) in their context.

Теоретико-методологические детерминанты концепции социального государства Роберта фон Моля

The relevance of determining the theoretical and methodological determinants of the Robert von Moll’s concept of the social state is due to the need to determine the patterns of evolution of ideas about the state and law, as well as the need to assess the ability to use the potential of the Robert von Moll’s theoretical and legal heritage, his predecessors and contemporaries to identify the optimal model of the social state. Modern Russia attempts to build such state. The proclamation and consolidation of Russia as a social state governed by the rule of law at the constitutional level requires attention both to the experiments carried out in social and legal development, and to the practices of social reform, and also to those ideas that have not yet been embodied. The ideas of European scholars regarding the evolution of the state-legal organization of society in the early modern period, based on which Robert von Mohl (1799–1875) developed original concepts of a social state and a state governed by the rule of law are discussed in the article. An analysis of the state of European political and legal thought and identification of the factors that have a significant impact on the development of Robert von Mohl’s doctrine of a social state governed by the rule of law are the purposes of the scientific article. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical-materialistic, general scientific (historical, systemic) and special (historical-legal, comparativelegal) methods of legal research. The method of reconstruction and interpretation of legal ideas had great importance. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the first half of the 19th century in European political and legal thought various approaches was formed to consider the problems of social protection and how to resolve them. The development trend of European political science became the transition from ideas and principles formed in the conditions of police states and enlightened absolutism to the ideas of a state governed by the rule of law (constitutional) that protects the rights and freedoms of a citizen. At the same time, it was a question of the rights and freedoms of only a part of the population: the proletariat growing in number and significance was not always evaluated as an independent social stratum. The axiological principles of state justification have also changed. Rights and utility principle became dominant principles. In the first half of the 19th century the social issue as an independent scientific problem of the European political and legal thought was not posed and not systematically developed. Questions about the social essence of the state, the specifics of the implementation of the state social function, the features of public administration in the new stage of socio-economic development of society predetermined the emergence of the idea of a social state. This idea was comprehensively characterized in the Robert von Mohl’s works. He went down in the history of political and legal thought as founder of the concepts of social and governed by the rule of law state.

ON THE QUESTION OF DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE STATE MIGRATION SERVICE OF UKRAINE

The study analyzes the categorical apparatus related to the concept of administrative activity of the State Migration Service in Ukraine, namely the categories «administration», «public administration», «public administration», «administrativeactivity»andothers.Thedefinitionoftheconceptof«administration» in the encyclopedic literature, in particular in the Legal Encyclopedia, highlights the main features of the administration, public administration. The term «public administration» is analyzed, the positions on definition of this definition by researchers O. Shatylo are given), it is indicated that this term is used in two meanings (narrow and wide), the definitions of public administration of V. Averyanov, R. Kravtsova, S. Chernov are also given. A. Zelentsov’s position on the characteristic features of public administration that distinguish it from private administration is highlighted. The main attention is paid to the disclosure of the term «administrative activity», the definition is defined in the reference literature, namely in the Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. It is emphasized that the administrative activities of public authorities are implemented through the powers vested in the state, and from the state they receive the right to perform administrative functions, such powers are defined exclusively in regulations of the state and its authorities. Positions on the definition of «administrative activity» by M. Ishchenko, E. Mishchuk, A. Sorochynsky, S. Petkov and L. Spytska are given. Based on the analysis of legislation, bylaws and scientific literature on administrative law, the definition of the concept of administrative activity of the State Migration Service of Ukraine is proposed.

Административно-правовые аспекты продуктивного долголетия в Российской Федерации

The article discusses the urgent problems of increasing life expectancy and involving older people in the active social space in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.204 of May 7, 2018 “On national goals and strategic tasks for development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024”. The article considers the term ‘productive longevity’ as a comprehensive idea of the tasks facing the authorities in this direction. It is noted that the regulatory framework provides the basis for the development and implementation of the program of systemic support and improvement of the quality of life of older citizens. The author proposes to consolidate the main signs of active longevity, which could be considered as criteria for the involvement and participation of various ministries and departments in fulfilling the tasks formulated by the Presidential Decree. In addition, the features of public administration by solving the problem of active longevity are considered. The need for interagency cooperation, as well as the creation of a federal portal on the Internet, is noted, where all available opportunities for the older generation will be laid out in the public domain: for the field of healthcare, education, and creative implementation. The need for targeted use of capital investments and systematic use of the resources laid down for the implementation of the program is emphasized.

Trends in the development of social risks in modern society: the state-management aspect

The purpose of the article is to generalize the trends in the development of social risks in modern society and to identify the features of public administration in minimizing their negative consequences. It is established that changing social positions and public consciousness in conditions of openness of social systems creates new risks, and the analysis of their influence on social behavior becomes one of the most relevant areas in public-management science. The need to study this problem is also conditioned by the need to find ways to minimize risks and influence them in favorable directions for social development. This problem in the conditions of the Ukrainian society, being in the conditions of increased risk, acquires a special urgency. It is substantiated that with the development of scientific knowledge of risks, the latter are increasingly being considered as a systemic object of study. With this approach, given the relevance of this topic, the state-managerial aspect of risk is put on the forefront as the basis for its perception, formation and reproduction. It is proved that risk is an integral component of the knowledge society, its reverse side. If we consider knowledge as a prerequisite for social action and proceed from its relative completeness, then the risk assuming the necessity of making a choice in the conditions of incomplete information becomes its logical consequence and integral characteristic. It is determined that in order to overcome the contradictions in the formation and development of social risks in modern society, it is necessary to expand research capabilities and knowledge itself, primarily in the direction of scientific justification of the state influence on prevention of social risks or minimization of their negative consequences. It is found out that modern social risks have the ability to transform into other types of uncertainties, therefore the knowledge society is able not only to accumulate risks, but to cause really explosive situations. It is proved that risk, like any phenomenon, can be considered as a process that takes place in time, but the dynamics of risk is extremely complex, and the identification of the stages of its development is relatively arbitrary. It is substantiated that the most important from the point of view of public management is the stage of potential risk, as consideration of its content creates the basis for a more integrated and focused approach to minimizing the possibility of a social crisis, reducing its dangerous consequences, preventing state management loss, and systemic collapse. The main feature of this stage is social tension, which requires effective measures on the part of the state. Thus, the modernization of society is steadily leading to an increase in the number of its constituent elements, an ever increasing variety of their interrelationships. As a result, the qualitative and quantitative nature of the consequences of this process changes: the probability of the emergence of new forms of social contradictions increases, and the scale of potential social cataclysms grows. This situation requires drastic changes in the system of public administration with regard to the formation of appropriate mechanisms to prevent and minimize the consequences of new types of social risks.

ВЛАДНО-ПОЛІТИЧНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ

On the basis of distinguishing the main features of public administration and interaction between the state and society in the period of a complex multi-level systemic crisis, the essence of the power and political organization of anti-crisis management in the context of formation of the foreign policy identity of Ukraine is determined. Stable interrelations between the state and society are revealed to play the key role in the process of the foreign policy identification of an actor nowadays. The historical features and relevant social and spiritual values of the society are proved to be decisive determinants while building the foreign policy identity of the state. They form key identity markers that the state extrapolates into the external space. This process provides a comparable stability of the foreign policy identity of an actor when implementing its foreign policy and during its interactions with other subjects of the world politics. The anti-crisis management on the state level is determined to be currently carried out within the general system integrity, which functioning is conditioned by the natural and geographic, social and economic, political and spiritual and moral systems. Interaction with these systems provides implementation of the anti-crisis management inside the state. In this sense, the most important role is played not only by the institutionalization of the power and political organization of anti-crisis management, but also by the formation of spatial images that contribute to the formation of the foreign policy identity of the state on the international arena.

Public Administration in Libya: Continuity and Change

ABSTRACTLibyan public administration has been shaped by Libya’s history, ideology, and economy. It has been negatively affected by the political changes occurring since independence in 1951, particularly Gaddaf’s distinctive initiatives, and by upheavals in the post-Gaddafi transition. Libya’s rentier economy has had its impact on public administration, particularly through its promotion of widespread public corruption. This article analyzes the history of Libya’s politico-administration system before describing the current administrative arrangement, identifying the essential factors that have given rise to those arrangements, and analyzing the contemporary characteristics of public administration that constitute the key future challenges Libya faces.

SOME ASPECTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC BUDGETING OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Article presents characteristics of public administration of the Slovak Republic. The first part of article is focused on structure of public administration, with an emphasis on territorial self-government. The second part of article is focused on the budget of territorial self – government, with some aspects of fiscal decentralization. At the end of issue are presented the main conclusions, with the proposal for improvement.

The Public Values of Political Preference

One of the traditionally central characteristics of public administration is its political neutrality. This article examines the connections between public service values and political preferences including party affiliation (Republican/Democrat), ideology (conservative/liberal), and presidential candidate preference (Romney/Obama). The study reports the results of a national survey (n = 1541) that elicits citizen expectations of government and party affiliation, ideological preference, and presidential candidate preference. Using regression analysis and multidimensional scaling, the article explores the empirical connections between public values and political preferences—and the ways in which the value structures of people with different political preferences differ in fundamental ways.

Control as an effective implementation of the national target program

The article addresses the problem of efficient control over national programs. The main objective of the study is to evaluate and improve a mechanism for funding and implementation of national target programs and to take into account the results of analysis during their future planning, approval and execution. To achieve this goal it is advisable to examine the nature and position of control in public administration, to determine specifics of monitoring for the implementation of national target programs and to create an effective public body which main function is an immediate control over target programs. Theoretical and methodological bases of the study were the achievements of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the nature and characteristics of the control and its implementation in government programs. The proposed mechanism of control over the approval, funding and implementation of national target programs is based on the experience of European countries and on characteristics of public administration in Ukraine. Based on the findings, it is proposed to address the issue of effective control of state target programs by creating the competent authority which acts as a coordinator for all national programs in Ukraine.

Державне управління у сфері соціального захисту населення: теоретичні аспекти

У статті здійснено аналіз теоретичних підходів до інтерпретації системи соціаль-ного захисту населення, розглянуто суб’єкти та об’єкти соціального захисту, визна-чено специфіку державного управління у сфері соціального захисту. Запропонованонову редакцію визначення поняття «соціальний захист населення». Зроблено ви-сновок про те, що розвиток державного управління соціальним захистом населенняв Україні вимагає застосування сучасної методології вирішення проблем. У цьомузв’язку виникають проблеми адекватного застосування загальних та спеціальнихпідходів і методів державного управління, зокрема аналізу державної політики, сис-темного та ситуаційного аналізу, програмно-цільового підходу, методів експертнихоцінок.

Public Values and Political Preference

One of the traditionally central characteristics of public administration is its political neutrality. However, despite the proliferation of research on the values of public servants, no empirical ...