Plant Community Characteristics Research Articles

Ecological Studies of Saurashtra Coast and Neighbouring Islands - VI. An approach to a Classification of the Saurashtra Coastland - A Resume

A geomorphic classification defined and deleminated by plant communities and edaphic features is outlined for the saurashtra coast with discussion on diversity, zonal patterning adnd prevailing characteristics of habitats, plant communities, soil and phytogeography.

Correction to: Changing regularity of plant and insect community characteristics due to pest outbreaks in Larix principis‑rupprechtii plantations

Correction to: Changing regularity of plant and insect community characteristics due to pest outbreaks in Larix principis‑rupprechtii plantations

Effects of Different Grazing Treatments on the Root System of Stipa krylovii Steppe

Plants’ root properties are closely related to their ecological adaptability. This study aimed to clarify the differences in root properties of Stipa krylovii under different grazing disturbances. The morphological characteristics of root length, root surface area, root volume, root tip number, specific root length, and specific surface area of S. krylovii were compared under no grazing, light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing conditions. The ecological adaptability to grazing pressure was also examined. Results showed that the underground biomass density decreased with the increase in grazing intensity. Grazing disturbance can lead to changes in plant community characteristics, and roots adapt to changes in these environmental factors by adjusting their distribution. Among the six root configuration parameters, those under light grazing were significantly higher than those under the other grazing types. The root length and root surface area were concentrated in the range of 0–2 mm. Mild grazing and moderate grazing were conducive to fine root penetration and contact with soil. Moderate grazing disturbance was beneficial to grassland vegetation productivity and played an important role in the stability and sustainable utilization of grassland ecosystem.

Vegetation communities and soil properties along the restoration process of the Jinqianghe mine site in the Qilian Mountains, China.

The study explores the impact of mine grassland restoration on plant communities and soil properties in alpine grasslands, a subject of significant interest due to the observed relationship between grassland changes, plant communities, and soil properties. While prior research has mainly focused on the consequences of grassland degradation on plant diversity and soil characteristics, the specific effects of varying restoration degrees in alpine mining grasslands at the regional scale remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we established 15 sampling plots (0.5m×0.5m) across five different restoration degrees within alpine mining grasslands in the Qilian Mountains, China. Our objective was to assess the variations in plant diversity and soil properties along these restoration gradients. We conducted comprehensive analyses, encompassing soil properties [soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen, soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC)], plant characteristics (height, density, frequency, coverage, and aboveground biomass), and plant diversity indices (Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, Dominance, and Evenness indexes). Our findings included the identification and collection of 18 plant species from 11 families and 16 genera across the five restoration degrees: Very Low Restoration Degree (VLRD), Low Restoration Degree (LRD), Moderate Restoration Degree (MRD), High Restoration Degree (HRD), and Natural Grassland (NGL). Notably, species like Carex duriuscula, Cyperus rotundus, and Polygonum viviparum showed signs of recovery. Principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that soil pH, SWC, SOC, NO3-N, and AN were the primary environmental factors influencing plant communities. Specifically, soil pH and EC decreased as restoration levels increased, while SWC, AN, TP, NH4-N, TN, AP, SOC, and NO3-N exhibited a gradual increase with greater restoration efforts. Furthermore, the HRD plant community demonstrated similarities to the NGL, indicating the most effective natural recovery. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the responses of plant community characteristics, plant diversity, and soil properties across varying restoration degrees to environmental factors. It also elucidates the characteristics of plant communities along recovery gradients in alpine grasslands.

Response of plants and soils to inundation duration and construction of the plant‒soil association mode in the hydro‒fluctuation belt of the reservoir wetland

Hydro-Fluctuation Belt (HFB), a periodically exposed bank area formed by changes in water level fluctuations, is critical for damaging the reservoir wetland landscape and ecological balance. Thus, it is important to explore the mechanism of hydrological conditions on the plant-soil system of the HFB for protection of the reservoir wetland and landscape restoration. Here, we investigated the response of plant community characteristics and soil environment of the HFB of Tonghui River National Wetland Park (China), is a typical reservoir wetland, to the duration of inundation, as well as the correlation between the distribution of dominant plants and soil pH, nutrient contents, and enzyme activity by linear regression and canonical correlation analyses. The results show that as the duration of inundation decreases, the vegetation within the HFB is successional from annual or biennial herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs, with dominant plant species prominent and uneven distribution of species. Soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities of HFB decreased with increasing inundation duration. Dominant species of HFB plant community are related to soil environment, with water content, pH, urease, and available potassium being principle soil environmental factors affecting their distribution. When HFB was inundated for 0–30 days, soil pH was strongly acidic, with available potassium content above 150 mg kg−1 and higher urease activity, distributed with Arundo donax L., Polygonum perfoliatum L., Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., and Daucus carota L. communities. When inundated for 30–80 days, soil pH was acidic, with lower available potassium content (50–150 mg kg−1) and urease activity, distributed with Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.+ Polygonum lapathifolium L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Medicago lupulina L. + Dysphania ambrosioides L. and Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi communities. Using the constructed HFB plant-soil correlation model, changes in the wetland soil environment can be quickly judged by the succession of plant dominant species, which provides a simpler method for the monitoring of the soil environment in the reservoir wetland, and is of great significance for the scientific management and reasonable protection of the reservoir-type wetland ecosystem.

Effects of plant community structural characteristics on carbon sequestration in urban green spaces

The structural characteristics of plant communities in urban green spaces have a significant impact on their carbon sequestration function. In this study, comprehensive data were collected from 106 plant communities (each 20 m × 20 m) in Zhengzhou Green Expo Park. We assessed aboveground and soil carbon storage, alongside maintenance carbon emissions, to quantify carbon dynamics. Our primary objective was to establish a statistical model that correlates the structural attributes of plant communities with their total annual carbon sequestration. This model aims to provide a quantitative framework for optimizing community structures to maximize carbon sequestration in urban green spaces. The results showed that density and coverage were significantly and positively correlated with aboveground and soil carbon stocks. Density and mean height were significantly and positively correlated with maintenance carbon emissions. Density played a key structural role in regulating the total carbon sequestration of the plant communities, being 27.24 times more effective than coverage. The total annual carbon sequestration of the plant community reached an optimal value of 327.67 kg CO2-eq/y−1 at a density and cover of 0.15 and 1, respectively. This study provides valuable data for increasing the carbon sink ability of urban green spaces through plant structure regulation and supporting low-carbon development strategies in urban management.

Soil erosion resistance of gully system under different plant communities on the Loess Plateau of China

AbstractGully erosion, considered as a type of intensive erosion, is the dominant source of sediment at small watershed scales in certain environments. Variation of vegetation may result in the changes in near soil surface characteristics, which likely further affect the resistance of gully systems to erosion. However, the potential effects of near soil surface characteristics of plant communities on resistance to erosion are still unclear in gully systems. This study was performed to investigate the variations in resistance of gully systems to erosion under different plant communities and to identify the dominant influencing factors leading to these variations on the Loess Plateau. Five typical plant communities (two grasses, two shrubs and one forest) that distributed on different gully systems were selected. Six hundred undisturbed soil samples collected from different sites of gully systems were subjected to detach by overland flow under six different shear stresses (6.66 to 15.02 Pa). The results showed that the mean soil detachment capacity of gully systems covered by grass and shrub communities was 0.15 and 0.37 times to that of gully system covered by forest. Compared to forest gully systems, rill erodibility reduced by 29.8% to 85.6% for the other four plant communities. The relative rill erodibility of different vegetation communities generally increased from grass to shrub and forest communities. The critical shear stress of forest gully system was 58.7% and 63.8% of gully systems covered by grass (6.22 Pa) and shrub (5.73 Pa) communities. Bulk density, soil cohesion, water stable aggregate, root mass density, and the thickness of biological soil crust were the dominant factors affecting the resistance of gully systems to soil erosion. Rill erodibility decreased logarithmically with increasing soil cohesion, water stable aggregate and root mass density. Critical shear stress increased with the increase of soil cohesion and root mass density as a power function, and linearly with the increase of water stable aggregate. These results show how vegetation can mitigate against the erosion induced by concentrated flow in relatively stable gully systems.

Precipitation and plant community-weighted mean traits determine total transpirable soil water in a desert grassland

The desert grassland has low precipitation, high evaporation and a limited soil water supply. Thus the tension between water shortage and sustainable vegetation restoration is increasingly evident. Change in total transpirable soil water (TTSW) reflects the water utilization and extraction capacity of plant communities, which are the basis for maintaining productivity and stability in communities, as well as the key ecological processes alleviating the above tension. Change in TTSW is influenced by precipitation, vegetation and soil. Quantifying the relative contribution of these factors to change in TTSW is key to the sustainable restoration of desert grassland. However, the current understanding of such effects remains limited. This study examined four typical plant communities in the Ningxia desert grassland, monitoring soil water content and evaluating plant community characteristics and diversity over three consecutive years. Using redundancy analysis and hierarchical partitioning methods, the influence of annual precipitation, vegetation (functional and species diversity, community characteristics) and soil physical properties on TTSW variation were investigated. Findings revealed: (1) The factors contributing to TTSW variation were annual precipitation (41 %-68 %,), vegetation (29 %-45 %), and soil physical properties (0 %-6.7 %). Specifically, community-weighted mean traits (CWM) and functional diversity (FD) explained TTSW variation by 24–37 % and 0.25–11 % respectively. In Gramineae communities, the influence of annual precipitation and vegetation on TTSW variation was consistent across soil depths. However, in degraded Sophora alopecuroides + Artemisia scoparia (SA) communities, the influence of vegetation (CWM, FD, community composition and community function) on TTSW variation was more pronounced in shallow soils (45 %) than in deeper soils (33 %), while annual precipitation effects were more substantial in the deep soil layers (66 %) than in the shallow soil layers (42 %). (2) Annual precipitation and CWM were the main biological and abiotic factors affecting TTSW. Interestingly, increased annual precipitation was negatively correlated with TTSW. Similarly, the primary controlling factor, CWM, also showed a significant negative relationship with TTSW. This relationship varied across community types and could be linear or quadratic, highlighting the need to understand the selection effects mediated by CWM in ensuring sustainable vegetation restoration. This research offers insights into the relationship between plant functional diversity and soil water retention function.

Differential Analysis of Island Mountain Plant Community Characteristics: Ecological Sensitivity Perspectives

Island plants form the foundation for maintaining the ecology of an island. With the development of the island’s infrastructure, its ecosystems become damaged to a certain extent. A comprehensive understanding of island habitats and plant community characteristics is crucial for the development of island plant communities. This paper focuses on Pingtan Island in Fujian Province, China, as the research subject. Firstly, considering the significance of the wind environment on the island, this study constructed a wind environment model for the entire island of Pingtan to evaluate the ecological sensitivity from a macro perspective. Subsequently, 33 typical sample plots were selected based on different ecologically sensitive areas to conduct a micro-survey and the characterization of the montane plant communities on Pingtan Island. The findings reveal that (1) Pingtan Island’s ecological sensitivity is dominated by areas with ecological insensitivity (35.72%), moderate ecological sensitivity (33.99%), and high ecological sensitivity (18.02%). The soil texture, wind environment, and land use type are the primary influencing factors in the ecological sensitivity of Pingtan Island. (2) A total of 47 families, 82 genera, and 93 species of plants were investigated in a typical sample site in the mountainous area of Pingtan Island. The plant community structure was dominated by the successional stage of shrubs and herbs. There is some similarity in the plant composition of different ecologically sensitive areas. High ecologically sensitive areas have more species. As sensitivity increases, the dominant species in the three ecologically sensitive areas continue to undergo plant succession from Acacia confusa to Pinus thunbergii to Eurya emarginata. (3) Both community characteristics and species diversity vary between sensitive areas. The canopy density (CD) and the mean height of tree layer (MHTL) are higher in moderate ecologically sensitive areas. The mean tree diameter at breast height (MDBH) and the mean height of shrub layer (MHSL) are higher in high ecologically sensitive areas, while the mean height of herb layer (MHHL) is higher in extreme ecologically sensitive areas. Four diversity indicators increase with increasing sensitivity. In the moderate and high ecologically sensitive areas, Casuarina equisetifolia and A. confusa thrive, with Pinus thunbergii showing the opposite trend. However, species diversity is better characterized by A. confusa and P. thunbergii, with C. equisetifolia being the least diverse. Both the community characteristics and species diversity of P. thunbergii are optimal in extreme ecologically sensitive areas. In this study, the ecological sensitivity of Pingtan Island and the characteristics of montane plant communities were systematically analyzed to explore more stable montane plant communities on the island, aiming to provide a scientific basis and model reference for the ecological restoration and sustainable development of Pingtan Island and other islands.

Seasonal and habitat dependence of plant species, functional and phylogenetic diversity in agricultural landscapes

The biodiversity of agricultural landscapes is under significant threat, while non-agricultural habitats within these landscapes play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation. There has been limited investigation into how plant species, functional and phylogenetic diversity varies across different seasons and habitats in agricultural landscapes. Thus, we carried out a survey of the plant communities in non-agricultural habitats in China's lower Yellow River plain. We investigated the diversity features of plant functionality, phylogeny, and plant species. We compared differences in plant community structure using non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and tested phylogenetic signal using phylogenetic methods. Our analysis of plant community and diversity characteristics revealed significant differences in plant community structure between seasons and habitats, with the season having a more significant impact. The levels of plant species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity followed a seasonal pattern, with spring seeing the highest values and autumn seeing the lowest. Woodland and hedgerow habitats had the highest levels of diversity, while field roads had the lowest. The community phylogenetic structure of non-agricultural habitats was relatively concentrated and mainly influenced by human interference and environmental filtering. These findings offer scientific support for the preservation of ecosystem services and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.

Forest communities of the relict Balkan endemic Aesculus hippocastanum

Aesculus hippocastanum L. (European Horse-chestnut) constitutes a biogeographical relict species of the Balkan Peninsula, occurring in isolated and topographically distinct localities in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia. Despite its great botanical, ornamental and pharmaceutical value, a thorough investigation of Ae. hippocastanum habitat diversity in its native distribution range has not been conducted yet. The present study aims at the syntaxonomic classification and ecological features of plant communities dominated by this species across its overall native distribution range. On the basis of 55 phytosociological relevés, five ecologically, floristically, and spatially well differentiated clusters were identified, with the main revealed gradients of differentiation being geographic location (longitude, latitude), altitude, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality. The distinct microhabitats with a special refugial character where these plant communities occur meet the species’ requirement for relatively high air and soil humidity. They have allowed the preservation of Ae. hippocastanum through time highlighting their great conservational value. The last one could be useful for the implementation of some appropriate measures for effective conservation of these communities.

Contrasting effects of sheep and cattle grazing on foliar fungal diseases by changing plant community characteristics

Abstract Pathogens are ubiquitous in ecosystems and play a key role in affecting host community structure. In grasslands, large grazing animals such as cattle and sheep have been shown to affect foliar fungal pathogens. However, theory and empirical studies have come to conflicting conclusions because grazers can directly and indirectly impact pathogens through a wide variety of mechanisms and various grazers may impact pathogens in different ways. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which grazers impact pathogens is important for a fundamental understanding of herbivore pathogen interactions and also to optimise grazing managements to reduce pathogen outbreaks. Here, we investigate multiple mechanisms by which livestock grazing impacts foliar fungal pathogens in grasslands. We integrate a large‐scale grazing experiment, with a removal experiment manipulating plant density and litter biomass, to identify direct and indirect effects of two herbivores on pathogens with different life histories (biotrophs and necrotrophs), in a temperate grassland in northeast China. We found that grazing by cattle and sheep had contrasting impacts: cattle grazing significantly reduced pathogen load, of both biotrophs and necrotrophs, whereas sheep grazing increased biotrophic pathogen load, but did not affect the necrotrophs. The grazing effects were mostly indirect and mediated by different impacts of the herbivores on plant community structure. Cattle grazing reduced pathogen load because it reduced the abundance of susceptible, fast‐growing plants, and the overall density of plants, while sheep grazing increased pathogen infection because it reduced the abundance of resistant plant species. Plant diversity also reduced pathogen infection but these effects were independent of the herbivores. Our results show that different herbivores can have contrasting impacts on pathogen infection through contrasting impacts on host community competence. This suggests the importance of considering multiple mechanisms simultaneously to evaluate the impact of herbivores on host‐pathogen interactions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Characteristics of soil organic carbon fractions in four vegetation communities of an inland salt marsh

BackgroundThe study of soil organic carbon characteristics and its relationship with soil environment and vegetation types is of great significance to the evaluation of soil carbon sink provided by inland salt marshes. This paper reports the characteristics of soil organic carbon fractions in 0–50 cm soil layers at four vegetation communities of the Qinwangchuan salt marsh.Results(1) The soil organic carbon content of Phragmites australis community (9.60 ± 0.32 g/kg) was found to be higher than that of Salicornia europae (7.75 ± 0.18 g/kg) and Tamarix ramosissima (4.96 ± 0.18 g/kg) and Suaeda corniculata community (4.55 ± 0.11 g/kg). (2) The soil dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon in 0–50 cm soil layer of Phragmites australis community were higher, which were 0.46 ± 0.01 g/kg, 2.81 ± 0.06 g/kg and 0.31 ± 0.01 g/kg, respectively. (3) Soil organic carbon was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon, and negatively correlated with easily oxidized organic carbon. (4) Above-ground biomass has a strong direct positive effect on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH have a strong direct positive effect on microbial biomass carbon content, pH and average density have a strong direct negative effect on easily oxidized organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon.ConclusionsThe interaction between plant community characteristics and soil factors is an important driving factor for soil organic carbon accumulation in inland salt marshes.

The microclimate impact of treetop walk based on plant community simulation.

The treetop walk is an innovative urban greenway that harmoniously integrates with the natural topography, meandering through the tree canopy. It serves as a vital element in elevating the urban mountain landscape while also significantly impacting the recreational experiences of the public through its microclimate effects. Moreover, the distinctive plant community characteristics of the treetop walk significantly enhance the microclimate. Examining the plant community attributes that potentially influence the microclimate conditions of the treetop walk is of utmost importance. We chose the Fu Forest Trail in Fuzhou as the sample site for this research. By implementing an orthogonal experimental design and using ENVI-met software, we simulated data to explore the impacts of various plant community characteristics on the microclimate of the treetop walk in autumn. The findings revealed the following results: (1) The presence of tree height, leaf area index, crown type, and planting density significantly influenced the microclimate of the treetop walk green spaces, with some factors having primary effects while others having secondary effects. (2) No significant variations were observed in the microclimate effects of diverse plant community characteristics in the treetop walk during morning, noon, and evening hours. (3) Scheme 13 emerged as the optimal choice for cooling and humidifying ventilating, characterized by a tree height of 20m, leaf area index of 4.4, spherical crown shape, and planting spacing of 2m. The tree species available in the Fuzhou area include Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Buxus sinica, Laurus nobilis, Myrica rubra, and Osmanthus fragrans. (4) Compared to traditional understory trails, tree height and planting spacing notably influence the microclimate environment of the treetop walk.

A planting optimization strategy to improve the carbon sink benefit for urban green-Taking the communal green of Nanjing Forestry University as an example

This research study identified the communal green at Nanjing Forestry University as an example and focused on the carbon sink benefits of the plant communities. Firstly, the representative plant communities in the communal green were investigated, and the parameters of the plant communities were established so that the carbon sink benefits of each plant community could be quantified. Secondly, by applying correlation analysis to study the influence degree of varied plant community factors on the benefits of carbon sink, it was found that the canopy closure, diameter class structure and tree density showed significant positive correlation; the correlation between community density and daily carbon sequestration per unit area was significant; the correlation between community density and carbon storage per unit area showed none significance; and the correlation between the proportion of trees and shrubs and the carbon sink benefits was of no significance. Thirdly, regression analysis was used to study the curve trends of the carbon sink benefits of the plant communities, from which it was concluded that increasing canopy density, average plant height, average crown width and tree density will improve carbon sink benefits. Increasing the average DBH would achieve positive effects for increasing daily carbon sequestration per unit area only at the early stage of the community growth. The plant community density showed positive effects on the increase of the daily carbon sequestration per unit area within a limited range. Since most regression formulas resulted in S-curves, certain threshold bottlenecks were found existed of improving the carbon sinks benefits by increasing the plant community factors. Finally, the characteristics of plant communities with high carbon sink benefit were summarized to provide theoretical references for forming a planting optimization strategy of urban green.

Management of grassland: A necessary tool to maintain plant and earthworm diversity

In temperate grassland, earthworms contribute to the major soil processes which determine most of the ecosystem services. The characteristics of plant communities in grassland are key factors in maintaining earthworm communities, however effects of different herbage management on earthworms remain largely unknown. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine the long-term effects of herbage management on grassland plant and earthworm communities. Plants and earthworms were sampled in a 14-years-old experiment in upland grasslands (Massif central, France). Abandoned grasslands were compared with mowed grasslands and with pastures grazed by cattle (at low or high intensities) or grazed by sheep (at low intensity). Compared to abandoned grassland, herbage management by grazing or by mowing display higher leguminous plant, community-weighted mean Ellenberg light values as well as plant richness while they display lower percentage of plant litter and community-weighted mean Ellenberg nitrogen values. The differences in plant richness were associated with a significant change in plant community structure. Compared to the abandoned grassland, herbage management by grazing or mowing significantly display higher earthworm biomass and total richness. Except for pastures grazed by cattle at high intensity, earthworm abundance was at least twice that in the grassland at low grazing intensity or mowing compared to the abandoned grassland. Earthworm communities were significantly different between grazed and mown treatments notably due to changes within Aporrectodea anecic and endogeic earthworm species. Overall, herbage management by animals or by mechanical export is beneficial for plant and earthworm diversity although no clear differences between management practices for earthworm richness, total biomass or total abundance were observed. Our results highlight that abandonment does not preserve biodiversity (plant, soil macrofauna) while management of grassland by grazing or mowing is a necessary tool for biodiversity conservation and improvement.

Plant communities and potential phytoremediation species for resource utilization of abandoned drilling mud

Oil and gas development produces a large amount of abandoned drilling mud, which may be a source of pollution but may also be a potential resource. A quadrat sampling method was used in the Changqing Oilfield to investigate the plant community characteristics inside and outside abandoned drilling mud pits at different completion times. The importance value of plant showed that the natural succession of plant communities in the abandoned drilling mud pool could be divided into three stages: (1) 4–8 years after the completion of the well, Leymus secalinus, Calamagrostis epigeios with the importance values of more than 100, were dominant species in the initial construction stage; (2) 9–13 years after the succession, the intense competition stage of the plant community, although the importance value of plant inside the mud pit had decreased, it was still higher than the importance value of plant outside the mud pool. The importance values of L. secalinus and Artemisia scoparia outside the mud pool were 62.5 and 52.5, while those in the mud pool were 95 and 75, respectively; (3) 23–28 years after the succession, the gradual stabilization stage of the plant community, the importance value of plant was lower than that in the mud pool. Leymus secalinus, C. epigeios and A. scoparia could be used for phytoremediation of abandoned drilling soil for their higher importance values. Changes of Shannon–Wiener index, Pielou index, Community ecological dominance and vegetation biomass showed that the mud pit was suitable for the recovery and growth of the dominant species, improved the diversity of plant communities inside the mud pit compared with the stable plant community outside the mud pit. Abandoned drilling mud increased the content of nitrogen, potassium and trace elements in plants. While the variation coefficient of heavy metal content in plants inside and outside the mud pit was large, but the content of heavy metals in plants was within the normal range. Abandoned drilling mud has the potential for resource utilization on the premise of ensuring soil quality and safety. This study provides information on the comprehensive treatment, resource utilization, disposal economics and environmental safety of abandoned drilling mud.

Characteristics of main plant communities on uninhabited islands in Bohai Sea, China

Characteristics of main plant communities on uninhabited islands in Bohai Sea, China

Analysis of Aridity Characteristics of Plant Communities in the Karst Area of Wuling Mountain under Global Warming Scenarios

Analysis of Aridity Characteristics of Plant Communities in the Karst Area of Wuling Mountain under Global Warming Scenarios

Plant Community Characteristics and Responses of C, N, and P to Different Water Gradients in Northern Tibetan Plateau

Plant Community Characteristics and Responses of C, N, and P to Different Water Gradients in Northern Tibetan Plateau