Features Of Nouns Research Articles

Degrees and Limits of Adverbial Transposition of Nouns in the Russian Language (Based on Formations with the Semantics of the Season and the Day)

The article presents a comprehensive semantic-grammatical analysis of the stages (degrees) and limit of adverbial transposition of nouns such as spring, summer, morning, day in the Russian language. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention in modern linguistics to the problems of interaction between the grammatical and lexical in the structure of linguistic units that undergo various transposition processes, including adverbialization. The object of the study is the linguistic mechanism of adverbialization of nouns, producing adverbs and transitional, syncretic formations that have moved away to varying degrees from the original class of words and have come closer to adverbs; The subject of consideration is the stages (stages, degrees) of functional adverbialization of substantive word forms, reflected in typical contexts from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The novelty of the approach is associated with the use of the technique of oppositional analysis (and the adverbial transposition scale), aimed at identifying the degrees of adverbialization of nouns. As a result of the study, semantic and grammatical features of core and peripheral nouns, peripheral adverbs and intermediate, hybrid structures were identified; criteria have been established for the differentiation of functional homonyms – non-prepositional forms of the instrumental case of nouns and adverbs formed on their basis.

Noun classes, variation, and creativity in youth language practices in Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Abstract While classical accounts of Bantu linguistics often depict noun classes as an inherent feature of nouns, more recent studies show there is greater variation in the use of noun classes, especially in terms of their discursive and pragmatic context. Youth language practices, often characterized by creativity and conscious changes, are of particular interest in this regard. This paper explores whether Bantu youth language practices exhibit conscious variation in their noun class systems and agreement. I discuss data from Bantu-based youth language practices in Southern and Eastern Africa, especially Lugha ya mtaani (Tanzania) and S’ncamtho (Zimbabwe), looking at noun classes and agreement. The paper features a short discussion of variation in noun class usage in Bantu languages in general, including insights into relevant aspects such as information structure, the use of loan words, noun classes in multilingual or translanguaging situations, and semantics. The latter is particularly important, as speakers can make conscious use of noun classes as part of contextualized meaning making processes that reflect semantic nuances and stylistic choices. The objective of this contribution is to highlight the role of semantics and conscious meaning making in the choice of grammatical devices and the manifestations of microvariation in youth language practices.

The Role of Lăo老in the Noun Evolution in Middle Chinese Grammar

The paper is to examine Chinese noun evolution by means of Lăo老in Middle Chinese Grammar. In this context, Lăo老 is introduced firstly which constitutes notional words instead of prefixes. Then, related examples are given and analyzed in accordance with their constituent role. It is found that lăo老 became a prefix after the Six Dynasties, which is articulated with five concrete contexts of its usage. The roles of lăo老 act as evolutional features of noun in Middle Chinese grammar.

Types of use of peripheral forms of the creative case in the aspect of adverbialization (the substantive word form "in a whisper")

The stepwise nature of adverbial transposition of nouns without prepositions is investigated. The object of study is the forms of the creative case of nouns without prepositions, representing the first stage of transposition into adverbs, the subject of consideration is combinatorics and the proportion of substantive and adverbial features in the structure of word forms of the "whisper" type, functioning in the zone of the periphery of the noun class. The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop such a field of scientific research as the transpositional grammar of the Russian language, as well as to identify patterns of functioning of linguistic units in transitional zones between parts of speech and interparticle semantic and syntactic categories. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of substantive word forms that demonstrate different degrees of manifestation of signs interacting with the functional adverbialization of nouns and adverbs on two stages of the noun zone. Within the framework of the proposed approach to syncretic formations, methods of oppositional analysis (with an adverbial scale), elements of component, distributive analysis, and linguistic experiment are used. The novelty of the study consists in the description of a formalized methodology for establishing the stages of adverbialization of substantive word forms, demonstrating a different degree of departure from nouns and approximation to adverbs. It is established that the substantive word form "whisper", for example, is characterized by a multi-stage transposition into an adverbial class. In the zone of the periphery of nouns, she makes the first, actually syntactic step towards adverbs. It is associated with its use first in the syncretic function of complement and circumstance, and then only in the function of circumstance. The presence of dependent words in the form of adjectival and subsubstantial distributors, as well as the function of object complement, restrain the further advancement of the word form "in a whisper" towards the class of adverbs. The loss of object meaning in the word form under consideration is associated with a shift at the level of verbal subordination: weak control as a way of connecting the word form "in a whisper" with the main word is replaced by case adjunction. Object-circumstantial relations are transformed into circumstantial ones. But the main categorical features of nouns in the zone of the periphery of this class of words are preserved. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it contains an understanding of transitional phenomena in the field of parts of speech in a systemic linguistic aspect. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of applying its results in teaching linguistic disciplines – Russian, general linguistics, theoretical grammar.

Функционирование и семантические особенности лексем с корнем -dol/duel- во французском языке XII-XV веков

The aim of the research is to identify the semantic features of nouns and adjectives with the root -dol/duel- in various French texts from the 12th to the 15th centuries. The article examines the evolution of meanings of Old French polysemous lexemes with the root -dol/duel-. Special attention is given to describing the linguistic environment and determining the role of context in the syncretic realization of multiple meanings of these polysemous lexemes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the application of a corpus analysis method, allowing for the creation of representative sub-corpora compiled according to specified parameters, thus forming an empirical basis for the research and selecting all instances of the use of the analyzed words. As a result of the study, it was established that lexemes with the root -dol/duel- are capable of syncretically realizing multiple meanings in specific contexts, depending on their syntactic function, lexical environment, and occurrence in set speech formulas. Furthermore, the research enabled a refinement of the dictionary meanings of the described lexemes and the identification of new meanings not recorded in existing dictionaries of Old French.

Pauline Henotic Ecumenism (??????? - Ephesians 4: 3, 13) in Promoting Christian Unity and National Integration in Nigeria.

Lack of unity among the variegated ethnic groups in Nigeria has largely been responsible for ethno-religious, socio-political, economic and security challenges in Nigeria. This has inadvertently militated against national integration and achievement of the Sustainable development goals. The constitution and various government policies established for the unification of all Nigerians have failed to achieve the desired result, calling for transformation and genuine cohesion and love in promoting unity and development as advocated by Paul. Exegetical and hermenetical methods were used. Premised on OOOO theoretical framework. The word ??????? (henoteta) was used twice by Paul in Ephesians 4:3 and 13, these are the only two places where the feminine noun features in the New Testament. In these two passages, they both relate to the unity of the Spirit that produces a common faith and knowledge of the Son of God – ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????. Such unity suggests that ecumenism amongst Christian denominations is not only a possibility; it is also a necessity as far as the Christians profess one Christ. This unity is however far from ecclesiological unionism, but organic unity. The church is vulnerable when its diverse lines of doctrines, dogmas, praxis, sacraments and ministerial structures and ethics are emphasised. This suggests that a cohesive antidote would be the emphasis on the philosophy of unity amidst her diversity and relationship with people of other faiths. This study reveals that Christianity is formed on divergent traditions that produced various strands of practices, which in turn produce different Christian sects and denominations. Therefore, a bonding in faith through the invisibility of henotic unity, which the pericope (Eph.4:3,13) suggests will enhance the cohesion of the church spititually, socially, economically, politically and structurally in the midst of doctrinal differences and ethnic dive

ABSTRACT NOUNS: SOME ISSUES OF DEFINING LEXICAL META-TAGS IN THE NATIONAL CORPUS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

Abstract nouns are one of the little-studied lexical layers in Kazakh linguistics and Turkology. Nouns that fall under the category of abstractness include a huge vocabulary layer of the Kazakh language, which denote abstract concepts, abstract properties and qualities, and different levels of action and state. A distinctive feature of abstract nouns is also the transfer of the native speaker's relationship to the surrounding world and the world of truth.The purpose of the study is to develop proposals on ways to identify, distinguish structural and semantic features of abstract nouns in the Kazakh language in order to supply the National Corpus of the Kazakh language with lexical and semantic meta–tags.Based on the classification of Akhmet Baitursynuly and other leading Turkologists, the article examines the ways of structural, semantic classification of abstract nouns in the Kazakh language, recognition of semantic features, and definition of their lexico-semantic meta-descriptions. The relation of abstract nouns to national philosophy, national culture, and conceptualization of integral and differential semantics in the consciousness of the language used is analyzed.

Towards the feature identity for ellipsis in Russian: Evidence from noun phrases with coordinated adjectives

This paper deals with the problem of feature identity in Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers. The data from various languages shows that ellipsis allows mismatch of some morphological features for the elided and the spelled-out constituents while other features must match. The studies of Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers propose ellipsis analysis but does not determine the constraints on feature identity for the elide and the spelled-out noun. In this paper, we analyze the identity of such noun features as number and case by conducting a corpus study and a selfpaced acceptability experiment. The results demonstrate that the difference in number is unacceptable for conjuncts without numerals (singular vs. plural nouns) but acceptable with paucal and other numerals (numberless vs. plural nouns according to D. Pesetsky’s analysis). The noun number features mismatch in noun phrases without numeral, but number features in numeral phrases do not conflict. The coordination of a noun phrase without numeral and a numeral phrase is also unacceptable. While the nouns in both conjuncts are plural, the case is different (external case vs. genitive). Thus, the ellipsis in Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers requires the lack of number

Dependency Features of English Nouns in China News English

Dependency Features of English Nouns in China News English

Predicting coarse-grained semantic features in language comprehension: evidence from ERP representational similarity analysis and Chinese classifier.

Existing studies demonstrate that comprehenders can predict semantic information during language comprehension. Most evidence comes from a highly constraining context, in which a specific word is likely to be predicted. One question that has been investigated less is whether prediction can occur when prior context is less constraining for predicting specific words. Here, we aim to address this issue by examining the prediction of animacy features in low-constraining context, using electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with representational similarity analysis (RSA). In Chinese, a classifier follows a numeral and precedes a noun, and classifiers constrain animacy features of upcoming nouns. In the task, native Chinese Mandarin speakers were presented with either animate-constraining or inanimate-constraining classifiers followed by congruent or incongruent nouns. EEG amplitude analysis revealed an N400 effect for incongruent conditions, reflecting the difficulty of semantic integration when an incompatible noun is encountered. Critically, we quantified the similarity between patterns of neural activity following the classifiers. RSA results revealed that the similarity between patterns of neural activity following animate-constraining classifiers was greater than following inanimate-constraining classifiers, before the presentation of the nouns, reflecting pre-activation of animacy features of nouns. These findings provide evidence for the prediction of coarse-grained semantic feature of upcoming words.

Quédateencasa (Stayhome), jesuisCharlie (I'mCharlie), yazhemat (I'mamother): Hashtags like a New Way of Formation of Compound Nouns such as «Lexicalized Sentence»

This article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon of the XXI century as hashtags - a navigation tool that helps to navigate the flow of information and redirects Internet and social network users along the path they are interested in. The purpose of this article is to study hashtags as a means of replenishing the vocabulary of modern Spanish, French and Russian languages as complex nouns of the "lexicalized sentence" type. The study was based on lexicographic, descriptive, comparative methods, as well as methods of cognitive and structural-semantic analysis and the method of continuous sampling. The features of the functioning of complex nouns of the "lexicalized sentence" type, formed from popular hashtags, are illustrated in the article with examples in Spanish, French and Russian from the modern press and the blogosphere. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that hashtags are considered for the first time as a source of replenishment of the vocabulary of a particular language. A comparative analysis of the structural and semantic features of complex nouns of the "lexicalized sentence" type, formed from popular hashtags, made it possible to identify criteria for classifying such linguistic neologisms as complex nouns of this type in modern Spanish, French and Russian. The study showed that hashtags have a high functional potential and in the last two decades have been one of the productive ways to form new complex nouns such as "lexicalized sentence" in various languages.

Functional And Gramatic Peculiarities Of Ukrainian Verbal Nouns With The Meaning Of Action Comparing To Other Slavic Languages

The article analyzes the grammatical, semantic and functional features of verbal nouns with the meaning of action in the Ukrainian language on the background of other Slavic languages. Research methods: quantitative formally-semantic analysis of the corpus of Ukrainian nomina actionis, obtained by the continuous sampling method from the largest Ukrainian-language dictionary; a linguistic experiment with native speakers aimed at finding out the perception of the aspectal properties of the nomina actionis. The ratio of nominal and verbal semantics in nomina actionis is the unique feature of the Ukrainian grammatical system.

Knowledge-aware Global Reasoning for Situation Recognition.

The task of situation recognition aims to solve the visual reasoning problem with the ability to predict the activity happening (salient action) in an image and the nouns of all associated semantic roles playing in the activity. This poses severe challenges due to long-tailed data distributions and local class ambiguities. Prior works only propagate the local noun-level features on one single image without utilizing global information. We propose a Knowledge-aware Global Reasoning (KGR) framework to endow neural networks with the capability of adaptive global reasoning over nouns by exploiting diverse statistical knowledge. Our KGR is a local-global architecture, which consists of a local encoder to generate noun features using local relations and a global encoder to enhance the noun features via global reasoning supervised by an external global knowledge pool. The global knowledge pool is created by counting the pairwise relationships of nouns in the dataset. In this paper, we design an action-guided pairwise knowledge as the global knowledge pool based on the characteristic of the situation recognition task. Extensive experiments have shown that our KGR not only achieves state-of-the-art results on a large-scale situation recognition benchmark, but also effectively solves the long-tailed problem of noun classification by our global knowledge. Code for KGR is available: https://github.com/haofanwang/KGRN-SR.

A corpus-based comparison of syntactic complexity in academic writing of L1 and L2 English students across years and disciplines.

Syntactic complexity, widely acknowledged as a key predictor of writing quality, has gained increasing attention in the realm of academic writing. A notable line of inquiry has centered on the factors that potentially influence syntactic complexity in academic writing. Instead of attending to one factor, the study focuses on multiple factors to examine how language background affects syntactic complexity across years and disciplines. Specifically, it compares the syntactic complexity in English academic writing between L1 English and L1 Chinese university students across four years and/or three disciplines. Fine-grained indices, which include five clausal indices and eight phrasal indices, are utilized to capture specific syntactic features for a full understanding and description of the syntactic preferences shown by L1 English and L1 Chinese students in academic discourse. The results revealed that L1 English students tended to produce more noun phrases in academic writing than L1 Chinese students with the increase of years. Additionally, both cohorts of students followed similar syntactic patterns in cross-disciplinary contexts, with highly frequent use of complex nominals in the Physical Sciences and clausal structures in the Social Sciences. In instances where language background, year, and discipline interact, texts produced by Chinese English learners exhibited reliance on the syntactic features of adverbial clauses, attributive adjectives, and pre-modifying nouns across all disciplines in the early years of their academic journey. Ultimately, some pedagogical implications for academic writing courses are put forward in an attempt to provide valuable insights for enhancing academic literacy among both L1 and L2 students.

Особливості гуцульської говірки села Розтоки Вижницького району Чернівецької області

The purpose of the research is to describe the main features of the Hutsul dialect in the village of Roztoky Vyzhnytcia district Chernivtci region. This ancient dialect of Northern Bukovyna not been the specific topic yet. The material of the study was the author's recordings of dialect speech in the village of Roztoky in 2017. There were characterized the most important phonetic, morphological and syntactic features of spoken language manifested in spontaneous dialectal speech. Special attention was paid to ancient local features of dialect. There were described the word change of nominal parts of speech, morphological features of nouns, adjectives, numerals, dialectal forms of pronouns, peculiarities of dialectal conjugation too. Moreover, there was noted about the functioning of prepositional-noun constructions, reinforcing particles and exclamations, the frequent use of subordinate clauses, their stringing in the dialectal text. This research also emphasizes the isoglosses of the phenomena that separate the dialect from the neighboring Bukovyna dialects.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF A DERIVED AND COMPLEX WORD IN MODERN LITERARY ENGLISH

"This article highlights the problems of modern word-formation in the English language. By their structure, complex and derived words are adapted to express and convey a figurative representation of the world: the presence of two or more bases presupposes an initial correlation with two or more referents, their comparison. Complex and derived words in modern English serve as a means of saving speech, as a way of concentrating information in compressive units, as well as imagery in a literary text, act as author’s revisionalisms, all these issues are reflected in the presented article. The purpose of the study is to describe the morphological features of English nouns, the features of their structure and the process of formation of new units of nominative vocabulary. The objectives of the study determined the range of tasks that needed to be solved in the process of work: to reveal the features of the morphological structure of English nouns; to study the manifestation of morphological features of English nouns in written speech on the example of English-language articles; to show the difference in frequency characteristics and the degree of productivity of word-formation methods in the system of English nouns. The findings indicated in the article indicate the ability of a number of derived and complex words in the modern English language to show the morphological characteristics of certain parts of speech in their internal structure in the making of neologisms in modern English fiction. "

Spelling and phonetic features of the medical treatise "Dastur al-'ilaj"

If we recall the historical development of the Turkic languages in the Middle Ages, in the Central Asian region since the Karakhanid period, in many studies we see works written in the Turkic language, based on the Arabic alphabet, called the Chagatai language. In this article, having studied the linguistic, spelling and phonetic features of the handwritten text of the treatise "Dastur al-ilaj", we consider it a work in the Chagatai language, called the Eastern Turkic or medieval literary Turkic language. Manuscripts written in the XV-XX centuries. in Chagatai differ in language structure, period of writing and content. In our opinion, medical works that develop the potential of the Turkic language as a scientific language should be considered from the point of view of Turkological and linguistic studies. The Persian versions of the work say that the treatise was completed in 1527 by order of the nomadic Uzbek Khan Abu Sagid Khan. Therefore, according to the classification of J. Ekman, the date of writing this treatise refers to the period after the classical era of the Eastern Turkic language. Based on the treatise “Dastur al-‘ilaj”, the article examines the linguistic features of medical works of the 16th century. Thus, in the original text, an analysis was made of the phonetic features of nouns, the phonetic features of the names of plants, animals, body parts and internal organs of a person, as well as the spelling of borrowed words. Key words: comparative phonetics, medieval Turkic language, spelling peculiarities, Turkic studies, original text.

Modern russian grammar

The study aims to determine the degrees of correspondence between the differential features of nouns in the instrumental case without a preposition, which manifest the peripheral stage of the original part of speech on the scale of adverbialization on the one hand, and the differential features of nuclear nouns and the differential features of nuclear substantive adverbs on the other. The authors used the methodology of oppositional analysis and indexation. As a result, the main stages of the functional transposition of non-positional forms of nouns into the semantic-grammatical category of temporal adverbs are revealed; the share of features of nuclear nouns and nuclear subjunctive adverbs in the structure of peripheral nouns such as “zimoi” is established. The results of the study can be used in further development of the problems of interaction between the semantic and grammatical in the structure of language units.

A benchmark for evaluating Arabic word embedding models

AbstractModelling the distributional semantics of such a morphologically rich language as Arabic needs to take into account its introflexive, fusional, and inflectional nature attributes that make up its combinatorial sequences and substitutional paradigms. To evaluate such word distributional models, the benchmarks that have been used thus far in Arabic have mimicked those in English. This paper reports on a benchmark that we designed to reflect linguistic patterns in both Contemporary Arabic and Classical Arabic, the first being a cover term for written and spoken Modern Standard Arabic, while the second for pre-modern Arabic. The analogy items we included in this benchmark are chosen in a transparent manner such that they would capture the major features of nouns and verbs; derivational and inflectional morphology; high-, middle-, and low-frequency patterns and lexical items; and morphosemantic, morphosyntactic, and semantic dimensions of the language. All categories included in this benchmark are carefully selected to ensure proper representation of the language. The benchmark consists of 45 roots of the trilateral, all-consonantal, and semivowel-inclusive types; six morphosemantic patterns (’af‘ala; ifta‘ala; infa‘ala; istaf‘ala; tafa‘‘ala; and tafā‘ala); five derivations (the verbal noun, active participle, and the contrasts in Masculine-Feminine; Feminine-Singular-Plural; Masculine-Singular-Plural); and morphosyntactic transformations (perfect and imperfect verbs conjugated for all pronouns); and lexical semantics (synonyms, antonyms, and hyponyms of nouns, verbs, and adjectives), as well as capital cities and currencies. All categories include an equal proportion of high-, medium-, and low-frequency items. For the purpose of validating the proposed benchmark, we developed a set of embedding models from different textual sources. Then, we tested them intrinsically using the proposed benchmark and extrinsically using two natural language processing tasks: Arabic Named Entity Recognition and Text Classification. The evaluation leads to the conclusion that the proposed benchmark is truly reflective of this morphologically rich language and discriminatory of word embeddings.

THE DISCURSIVE EMOTIONAL ASPECT OF IDEOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS IN THE VICTORIAN AGE

Introduction. The discursivity of emotions in ideology enactment is frequently questioned in ideology critique, whereas modern historical, psychological and social studies recognize the pertinence of emotions in shaping discursive practices. The current study argues the modulatory function of moral emotions in defining the complex phenomenon of Victorian ideology. Therefore, the dynamics of ideology proliferation is believed to ground in the emotional coherence of moral judgments.Purpose. The paper aims at investigating the large-scale process of ideology transitions characteristic of the Victorian period and beyond. The study lies in the assumption that ideological shifts pertaining to the period of the late 18th through early 20th centuries can be additionally tested in the term frequency of ideologically relevant issues as represented in the British English corpus brought by Google Books.Methods. Successive implementation of dictionary entry analysis, componential analysis, and machine based frequency analysis has testified to the plausibility of presumptions on the correlation of ideology long-term dynamics to the dominant emotional repertoires of the times.Results. The inventory of relevant ideologies has been provided in conformity with the earlier findings on the association of lexical representation of ideologies and moral emotions labels. The list of propositional ideologemes as fundamental doctrinal units of ideologies has been established basing on the common semantic features of nouns and adjectives defining the respective social practices in the contemporary dictionary entries. A frequency analysis aided by Google Books Ngram Viewer has evinced the heterogeneous process of ideologeme rises and declines.Conclusions. The ideological nature of moral emotions translates to their potency of modification or adjustment of propositional ideologemes in their further processing both for maintenance and/or transit. The trends are displayed in the dynamics of interest to the relevant ideological matters, in the changes of the semantic structure of lexicalized ideologemes andthe co-occurrence of emotion labels with the doctrinal linguoideologemes.