Use Of Language Features Research Articles

Students’ Grammatical Mistakes on the Use of Language Features in Composing Narrative Text

A narrative text with several grammatical and linguistic aspects is one of the texts learned in senior high school. In fact, according to the researcher's prior observation, students faced numerous challenges when attempting to write it, especially grammatical mistakes in using language features. This study aims to detect grammatical errors in the utilization of language elements in narrative texts produced by students, as well as to determine the underlying reasons contributing to these errors. The recent research employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Eight of the eleventh-grade students studying Online Business and Marketing major in SMK Negeri 1 Kota Sorong have been selected as the participants in this research. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation which restricted social interactions, only those students than could be reached out to gather data. The data was derived from a writing exam and a semi-structured interview. Upon analyzing the student's writing, it was discovered that they made errors in utilizing the simple past tense and action verbs. Simultaneously, the interview data indicated that the causes contributing to grammatical errors in using language features in this study were limitations, lack of attention, and carelessness. This research finding implied that the teacher must identify the most effective technique to engage the student's attention and enable them to concentrate on acquiring language skills for future use in creating narrative texts.

Achieving Syntax Excellence: Best Practices for Organizational Success

Abstract: Syntax Level Up Organization is a methodology that aims to improve the syntactical structure of codebases, fostering improved readability, maintainability, and scalability. It advocates for the systematic arrangement of code elements to enhance comprehension and streamline development workflows. Consistent coding conventions are a fundamental principle of Syntax Level Up Organization, which minimizes confusion and optimizes collaboration. Modularization promotes code reusability and minimizes dependencies, facilitating agile development practices. The judicious use of language features and idioms is another cornerstone of Syntax Level Up Organization. Developers can craft concise and expressive code by leveraging the full spectrum of a programming language’s capabilities, such as lambda functions, list comprehensions, and pattern matching. Meaningful abstractions are also advocated for to encapsulate complex logic, enhancing code maintainability and facilitating testing. Design patterns like the Factory Method, Singleton, and Strategy serve as powerful tools for structuring codebases and promoting code reuse. Code documentation is also crucial for enhancing code comprehensibility. Clear and concise comments supplement code, elucidating design decisions, highlighting edge cases, and facilitating knowledge transfer within teams. In conclusion, Syntax Level Up Organization represents a holistic approach to code organization that transcends superficial aesthetics, focusing on enhancing code clarity, efficiency, and maintainability. By embracing consistent coding conventions, modular design principles, idiomatic language features, meaningful abstractions, and comprehensive documentation, developers can elevate the quality of their codebases and empower teams to tackle modern software development challenges with confidence and agility. IndexTerms – HTML, CSS, Javascript. , MYSQL, PHP.

The Agenda of The Reading Teacher Journal (RT) on reading skills: A Decade within a Corpus

The science of reading aims to explain the process of teaching and learning reading to educators, families, and students to enhance children's success in school and social life. Research in education, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience has provided insights into the cognitive processes of reading and the brain's functions during reading, facilitating the development of effective teaching methods and models. This study conducts a corpus-based analysis of the last decade of research trends related to reading to determine the frequently occurring collocations, their distribution over time, and the emerging and declining concepts in the field. Corpus linguistics is a quantitative approach that relies on analyzing large volumes of language data to uncover patterns and features of language use. It involves the preparation of corpora, which are digital collections of texts, and using statistical tools to analyze the data within them. RT's publications in the last ten years were recorded according to year, volume, and number. The data was harvested via online versions of journals and the collected data were transformed into raw text. Figures, tables, graphic information, and footnotes were excluded from the data. Each text was annotated with "year", "issue", "volume", "keyword 1" and "keyword 2" tags. TreeTagger was used for part-of-speech tagging and CQPWeb/CWB framework was used as the corpus interface. The whole data formed a corpus of 3,548,008 words. This study provides a corpus-based analysis of the concepts that frequently form collocations with the word "reading" in the Reading Teacher (RT) over the last decade. The findings reveal the most frequently used concepts and their distribution according to years and the concepts that have experienced a decline or an increase in usage. The study sheds light on the language and discourse of reading education and contributes to understanding the changes and trends in the field.

DISCOURSE AT THE CROSSROADS OF LANGUAGE AND LAW

The present article is part of a larger project that is aimed at exploring the peculiar features of language use in the legal domain against the background of the interaction of language and law. The investigation of the intersection of linguistics and legal studies is of paramount importance. Legal regulations, qualified legal assistance, knowledge of linguistic requirements for legal formulations, etc. have nowadays become an indispensable part of human life. Focusing on the results achieved by our predecessors that will help understand the nature and the complexity of the legal system and law, and divulging the specificities of legal discourse at large and the one exercised in the courtroom in particular are of paramount importance. The desire to engross this field has stimulated the study of a wide range of books, articles and works of prominent scholars which, in one way or another, refer to the mentioned questions. Applying the methodology of discourse analysis and description of the relevant literature, we come to the conclusion that an integrated and coherent analysis from a linguistic standpoint proves to be an inevitable step in the process of revealing the concept of legal discourse.

Are there really any dual‐character concepts?

AbstractThere has been growing excitement in recent years about “dual‐character” concepts. Philosophers have argued that such concepts can help us make progress on a range of philosophical issues, from aesthetics to law to metaphysics. Dual‐character concepts are thought to have a distinctive internal structure, which relates a set of descriptive features to an abstract value, and which allows people to use either the descriptive features or the abstract value for determining the extension of the concept. Here, we skeptically investigate the central argument in favor of their existence. Across three new empirical studies, we systematically demonstrate that the linguistic patterns that dual‐character concepts were originally posited to explain are likely better explained by much more general features of language use.

A Practice Study on the Teaching of English “Micro-discourse” Writing in Junior High School based on the Concept of Production-oriented Approach

English writing, as a crucial link in English teaching, is a learning method based on the features of language use of English, cultivating students' integrating skills of using English language and realizing their self-expression. In view of the writing dilemmas such as lack of motivation and knowledge, Separation between Learning and Using, singularity of evaluation in junior high school English writing teaching, this thesis will propose a “micro-discourse” writing method based on the theory of production-oriented approach, which takes “micro-length,” “micro-elements” and “micro-conception” as the design ideas, and takes output-driven, input-enabled, output practice, and teacher-student evaluation as the teaching route to develop new learning strategies and teaching methods. Therefore, it can stimulate students' motivation for language learning, effectively cultivate autonomous learning ability, realize their absorption and internalization of writing knowledge, and truly improve junior high school students' English writing, as well as provide new ideas for exploring optimal English teaching methods, and further implement the reform requirements for English teaching in junior high school as set forth in English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education.

Character Formation Through Meaningful Relationships in Learning Interactions at Islamic Higher Education

This study aims to describe the use of language features in relation to meaning in the form of antonyms, synonyms, and hyponyms in teaching interactions at IAIN Palopo. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach that uses data sources from narratives or interactions that take place in learning. The data is from words and phrases containing meaningful relationships obtained using a recording instrument (Handycam). Then, the data is classified and analyzed using description, interpretation, and explanation techniques. The study results show that the language features of meaning relations used in teaching interactions at IAIN Palopo are represented as antonyms, synonyms, and hyponyms. Each type of meaning relation shows the meaning of euphemization aspects, sensory aspects, experiential values, relational values, and expressive values. Furthermore, each aspect generally aims to express ideas through meaningful characters that affirm, explain, and convince the object of study to achieve competence..

Threat, Empathy or (Polite) Request? The Pragmatics of Administrative Letters in Cameroon English

Text types constitute a rich source of data for the investigation of pragmatic and cultural-specific features of language use in non-native contexts. Based on a small corpus of 62 administrative letters written in Cameroon between 2005-2008, this chapter investigates how the following speech acts are expressed in these letters: (1) seeking compliance/collaboration, (2) giving directives, (3) issuing threats, and (4) expressing solidarity/best wishes. The basic question the chapter addresses is how the illocutionary act of expressing the above four speech acts is viewed: threats, empathy or request (polite) request? The politeness theory with its related pragmatic empathy concepts is employed to analyze the data. Preliminary findings reveal that many of the propositions expressed in the letters may be interpreted as potentially face-threatening because they are direct request without redress. Further, there is generally a lack of empathy for the reader, and these in itself show that politeness is generally lacking. However, the conclusion is that these interpretations hold sway only if we ignore the pragmatics of the sociocultural and historical context of language use in Cameroon. The study concludes that much work still needs to be done to illuminate this aspect of language use in administrative letter writing in Cameroon English.

Study of Language Features Used by Male and Female in #SaveJohnnyDepp on Instagram and Twitter

This study aims to determine the language features used by male and female in social media, especially Instagram and Twitter. The data used in this study are based on ten characteristics of women's language features which presented by Robin Lakoff in her book entitled Language and Women's Place. This study also uses an additional theory about the characteristics of men’s language which is presented by Jennifer Coates as a supporter of the main theory. The data collected comes from Instagram and Twitter posts containing hashtag #SaveJohnnyDepp. The results showed that male and female users use the same language characteristics, but the frequency is slightly different. The difference lies in the focus of the topics discussed and the use of language features proposed by Lakoff and Coates. This study also found that the purpose of using #SaveJohnnyDepp on Instagram and Twitter both male and female users is to provide support and ask for the justice that Johnny Depp deserves.

Men and Women Language Features on Joe Biden’s and Kamala Harris’s Speeches

This paper mainly investigates the use of male and female language features, especially in Joe Biden and Kamala Harris’s victory speeches. The use of these language features is seen from several aspects, including vocabulary, attitudes, syntax, as well as other aspects such as the choice of diction whose meaning is studied by semantics. This research includes qualitative research. The data was collected through transcripts of speeches downloaded from the internet. The results showed that every language feature possessed by gender will adapt to the context, condition, time, and form of communication, so it cannot be applied to all features in speech considering speech as a form of one-way communication.
 Keywords: language features, men and woman, speech

Cultural Shock and its Recovery as Seen through Language Features in Emily in Paris

This study aims to find out the language features used by Emily Cooper in the series Emily in Paris during the culture shock and recovery stages. In conducting this study, I used the theory of cross-cultural transition and adaptation stages by Oberg (1960), as cited in Marx (2001), and the theory of language features by Lakoff (2004) and Coates (2004). This study was done using a qualitative approach in which I transcribed and analyzed Emily Cooper’s utterances that occurred in all office scenes in Paris. Emily used adjectives, hedges, intensifiers, grammar, politeness, swear words, commands and directives, minimal responses, and questions language features during the culture shock stage. Emily used color terms, adjectives, hedges, intensifiers, grammar, politeness, swear words, minimal responses, and questions language features during the recovery stage. Emily’s personality, conversation context, and culture were variables that might influence Emily’s use of language features. Keywords: language features, cultural adaptation, culture shock, recovery

Language Features Used by Jeffree Star the Top English Speaker Beauty Vlogger

This study aims to find out the women’s and men’s language features used by Jeffree Star in his monologue entitled Full Face of Brands That Hate Me. The theoretical framework was based on Lakoff (2004) and Coates (2004) theories of language features. This study employed a qualitative approach. I found that Jeffree Star used color terms, adjectives, hedges, intonations, grammar, politeness, swear words, commands and directives, and questions. Jeffree Star also used two language features at the same time namely color terms and hedges, grammar and questions, swear words and hedges, and swear words and politeness. The use of language features by Jeffree Star was influenced by the topic of the talk and the gender identity. Further studies involving more subjects, objects, or other socio variables are needed to achieve a better understanding of the use of women’s and men’s language features. Keywords: language features, monologue, beauty vlogger

Теория функциональной дифференциации фоноварианта: идентификация статуса

The study is devoted to analysing the structural status of intermediate varieties in the space between dialects and the standard language, the purpose is to produce a set of criteria for differentiating a language variant - when the observed features of language use are indeed a new variant and when they are simply dialect features. Scientific novelty lies in developing a mechanism for status identification of a language variant, in introducing a procedure for linguistic profiling of an informant based on the regionality index. As a result, it has been shown that the selected criteria, such as uniformity, covariance, the status of the emic category and markers, are a set necessary for determining the status of a language variant.

MINIMALIST THEORY OF FICTION AND THE ICTHINKING® METHOD AS A BACKGROUND FOR NEW INSIGHTS TO AUTISM

The standard approach to conceptual understanding in the case of autism uses the distinction of abstract versus concrete thinking. This approach has its benefits but fails to explain all features of language use. For example, some concepts change their meaning in different contexts in contrast to concepts that are more rigid in their uses, such as mathematical concepts. This idea has its background in Minimalist theory of fiction (MTF), a theory that considers ‘skills to use words’ essential for understanding fiction, contrasting with theories that require pretending or make believe to understand fiction. From this background, the theory of Integrative Complexity (IC), and the method animating for practice, ICthinking®, can be of particular use to autistic people. The interventions develop meta-cognitive skills and are supportive of autistic people. From these starting points, we introduce new research hypotheses for developing educational methods especially for autistic people.
 
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COMMUNICATIVE TASKS IN TEACHING MILITARY ENGLISH

Teaching English through genuine interaction in the target language has represented the trademark of communicative language learning, applied in most classrooms around the world. This approach has generated a shift from the perception of language as a system to the focus on more contextual and meaning-related features of language use. Such aspects are in perfect accordance with the needs of military professionals who use English in specific situations. This study explores some of the possibilities of applying the principles of this efficient approach in learning military English with classes of all levels.

Channels for Common Ground

AbstractOne potentially ethically relevant feature of an utterance is that utterance's influence on the likelihoods that our future discourses wind up with one Stalnakerian ‘common ground’ or body of shared information rather than another. Such likelihoods matter ethically, so the ways our utterances influence them can matter ethically, despite the fact that such influences are often unintended, and often hard to see. By offering a relatively neutral descriptive framework that can enhance our collective sensitivity to and discussion of ethically, socially, and politically important features of language use, this paper contributes to the ethics of language use. It discusses ways in which utterances can influence the likelihoods of future common grounds by deploying one system of categorization rather than another, and argues that language’s effects on the evolution of discourse can affect the paths to and probabilities of different sorts of consensus.

Lexical and Syntactic Presupposition Triggers in Selected Online English and Kurdish Political News Texts: A comparative Study

This paper intends to analyze the presupposition triggers at both lexical and syntactic levels in selected online English and Kurdish political news texts. This is for the purpose of figuring out how texts in political news are achieving their political intentions via the use of presupposition triggers. Presupposition as a feature of language use is commonly exploited by language users. Expressions and constructions carrying presuppositions are called “presupposition triggers”. Its role in the news text is of specific importance in that writers of text tend to make use of this property so as to create either a favorable or unfavorable bias throughout the text this is to manipulate readers’ view. A descriptive analytic method has been used in this study. The data of this study is the political news texts in online English and Kurdish news channels, then 18 political news texts, which are released in the first half of the year 2020, have been selected randomly. Based on Levinson (1983), Yule (2010), and He’s (2003) classification of presupposition triggers the data have been analyzed and compared. The result of this study has shown that both English and Kurdish political news texts basically use both lexical and syntactic items of presupposition triggers. As for the lexical triggers, English political news texts constituted 530 times of occurring and Kurdish political news texts constituted 361 times. Regarding the syntactic level, the frequency of occurrence has been 185 times in the English news texts while it is 99 times in the Kurdish texts. All the syntactic items were more frequently used in the English texts except for the counter-factual conditionals which was the same as the Kurdish texts occurring 11 times. Adverbial clauses have recurred 23 times in the Kurdish texts and therefore ranking first among the other structural triggers. Finally, in the English texts, implicative verbs were noted only 1times while 11 occurrences were noted in the Kurdish texts.

Linguistic Characteristics of Narrative Text Written by Male and Female Students

Language is a reflection of speakers. A person can guess the identity such as the origin, character, or behavior of the interlocutor of the language he uses. Gender affect the use of language, both oral and written language. As an essential skill in learning English, writing involves the application of grammar and sentence pattern, vocabulary, or diction and cross cultural understanding. It can be said that writing ability is someone capability to express their idea in the form of written representation. The objective of this study is to investigate the linguistic form of narrative text written by male and female students. The data of this study will be gathered by sentences in narrative text written by male and female students of Senior High School about their experience. The use of language features proposed empty adjectives, hedge, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar super polite form, tag question and emphatic stress, even though the characteristics of color words and question intonation have not been found in the characters’ utterances. Keywords: Linguistic Characteristics, Gender, Writing, Narrative Text

Manipulation And Persuasion Through Language Features In Fake News

This study attempts to describe the use of language features in hoaxes to manipulate facts and describe their persuasive power in influencing readers. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research data is documented from turnbackhoax.id. This site was chosen because it is one of the most popular hoax repellent sites in Indonesia. Documentation was the method of data collection. Data were collected then classified, organized, and then analyzed using theoretical concepts. Theory used to analyze language manipulation in this research is Barton and Lee's theory of language features and Searle theory of speech acts. Data and analysis are presented in tables with brief descriptions. The results of this study indicates that hoax maker use language features in manipulating facts, those are (1) acronyms and initialisms, (2) word reduction, (3) letters or numbers, (4) stylized/unconventional spelling, (5) emoticons, (6) stylized/unconventional punctuation, and (7) images or photographs. Furthermore, it is found the use of assertive, expressive and directive speech acts to build persuasive power to influence the reader. The results of this study can be used as a reference in seeing the characteristics of language manipulation on hoaxes so that people can maximize the use of their logic and intellectual as a system of verifying information to determine the truth of information, knowing the information is fact or fake, distinguishing an information is a hoax or fact.

How to trick respondents into revealing implicit attitudes – talk to them

Abstract This paper outlines the cognitive processing involved in cases of language regard and shifts the focus from receivers/hearers to producers/speakers. Investigation of the latter by means of established pragmatic and discourse techniques can uncover features of language use (e.g. implicature, presupposition) that just as surely reveal implicit characteristics of a speaker’s beliefs and regard for language and variety as any of the long-standing (e.g. matched guise) or more recently developed (e.g. the IAT) experimental techniques that seek to uncover implicitness in this area.