Characteristics Of Foreign Direct Investment Research Articles

Особенности осуществления российских и китайских прямых инвестиций в Казахстан

The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of current theoretical and empirical studies of the socio-institutional environment of Russian and Chinese direct investments in Kazakhstan. One of the features of foreign direct investment is the fact that foreign investor companies are always forced to adapt as effectively as possible to the socio-institutional environment of the country where they invest funds. Foreign direct investment is an important factor in the modernization of production and economic development, can contribute to the growth of employment and income of the population. In fact, they show how much foreign investors trust the economy of a particular country, and for Kazakhstan it is also an important indicator of the role of Russia and China in its modern economic development. The results of modern investment research allow us to conclude that there is increasing competition between Russia and China in the promotion and implementation of investment projects in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. However, the success of these projects depends not only on the effectiveness of the efforts of governments and corporations aimed at promoting them in the region as a whole, but also on how these investments are perceived by the Kazakh society. The article analyzes the different points of view of modern Kazakh, Russian, Chinese and Western researchers analyzing the specifics of the relationship between society and business with the state in the globalizing economy of Kazakhstan, economic and historical factors, socio-institutional aspects of reducing compliance risks and features of labor organization that determine the stability and sustainability of economic development

Ways of attracting foreign direct investment in the Ukrainian economy

Subject of research is the directions and ways of attracting foreign direct investment in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and features of foreign direct investment and to study the foreign experience of ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine. Methods used in the research process: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results. The importance of foreign investments in the activity and development of the state is described. The main measures that need to be implemented to attract foreign investment are identified. International investment cooperation, given the high level of its efficiency, provides the country and its businesses with a number of current and future benefits. Positive and negative factors influencing the attraction of foreign investments into the state economy are outlined. One of the most common ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine is to create joint ventures, which are manifested in the processes of cooperation, pooling of knowledge, efforts, resources and experience. Motivational levers of influence on direct investment partners are singled out. They can be divided into two large groups. In the first case, firms are mainly engaged in the sale of goods and services produced in other countries, in the second - invest in the creation of production facilities in this country in order to sell products in the local market or export it to markets in other countries. Application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. Foreign investment plays an important role in the development of the country's economy. Attracting funds from foreign investors contributes to the intensification of the investment process, the introduction of new technologies, the use of advanced foreign experience, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, the growth of investment potential of the territories.

Theoretical Modeling of the Impact of Political Ties on China's Economic Expansion

Until recently, attracting FDI was officially a key priority of Chinese economic policy, but there has been a gradual shift in the focus on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from China. China's OFDI is characterized by a number of features, due to the specifics of the economic model of this country. Thus, the economic expansion of China and other emerging countries requires the development of a new theoretical model that would analyze the characteristics of foreign direct investment in a specific financial and institutional environment. The theoretical model was developed based on the study of E.Helpman focused on the influence of enterprise political relations on OFDI decisions and the relationship of political relations and productivity in management decisions. Several hypotheses follow from the theory: (a) the thresholds for political ties and productivity required for FDI increase as the recipient country's investment climate deteriorates; (b) the growth of political ties and productivity growth increase the likelihood of OFDI.

FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF UKRAINIAN BUSINESS

The qualifying thesis is devoted to the study of Ukraine's attractiveness for foreign investment, as well as the main problems in attracting foreign direct investment. The principles of state regulatory policy in the field of FDI in the group countries have proven their effectiveness, but cannot be fully taken into consideration as a basis for Ukraine because of different conditions of sociopolitical and socio-economic development. A comprehensive analysis – quantitative and qualitative – of foreign direct investment in Ukraine was held: the periods of FDI inflows, their main trends, FDI regulation features have been considered; factors and conditions of influence on the investment process in Ukraine have been determined; the essential characteristics of foreign direct investment have been revealed through consideration of the dynamics and structure of FDI inflows by regional, sectoral and geographical distribution. The results of the analysis showed the lethargy (lack of qualitative expansion) of foreign direct investment and the inconsistency of the investment structure to the strategic objectives of Ukraine's development. This characterized by a significant degree of regional heterogeneity, low diversification of FDI revenues by geographical distribution, the relatively low share of investment in the real sector. The methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of FDI in the system of economic security indicators has been improved, which has been characterized by the use of a number of indicators (determination of threshold and optimal values of indicators, their weights) and the appropriate methodology for calculating the integrated index. The assessment made it possible to establish that during the analyzing period the integrated index was within the danger zone. The values of the indicators testified the lack of environment for the proper and effective functioning of FDI, as well as the need to improve management in the field of foreign direct investment in the context of NEI implementation.

Features and Factors of Developing the Volume of Foreign Direct Investment in Iran and in Russia

The article discusses the features of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Iran and Russia from 2000 to 2018. The research methodology used in the article is focused on two main methods: theoretical and correlation analysis (using the Pearson correlation coefficient test). This test analyzes the relationship between foreign direct investment in the above countries and some macroeconomic variables. The results of the study show that economic structures and the influx of foreign direct investment in Iran and Russia are affected by Western economic sanctions, geopolitical risks and lower world oil prices. In addition, despite similar approaches to the absorption of foreign direct investment in Iran and Russia, the relationships between this indicator and macroeconomic variables (gross domestic product, inflation, employment in industry, services and agriculture, export volume and exchange rate) in these two countries differ significantly in the analyzed period (from 2000 to 2018). As a result of the analysis, it has been concluded that various factors, such as the size of the economy and the level of economic ties with developed economies, make the result of strategies and approaches to them different for these two countries.

Characteristics of Foreign Direct Investment into Agriculture in Ghana

The paper investigated the characteristics of foreign direct investment( FDI) to Ghana's agriculture by examining the flow of funds, projects, employment and possible pre-independence legacies in FDI inflows from Ghana's former partners in colonial relationships and the slave trade. Using moving averages, percentages, cross tabulations and chi-squares tests, to data from 1994-2010, the following conclusions were drawn; a) FDI flows, measured by estimated cost of projects remained stable and low for most part of 1994-2010. However, huge jumps were witnessed after 2008, coinciding with Ghana's second time of successful and peaceful transfer of political power to another government; b) Clustering of agricultural projects in Greater Accra Region, c) a strong attraction of large FDI firms for the crops subsector; d) 75% of the FDI projects are SMEs; e) Among European countries, Ghana's former slave and colonial masters, Britain, Netherlands and Denmark contribute most FDI projects to Ghana's agriculture. Volta Region has strong attraction for projects from Germany. Strategies need to be designed to attract projects beyond Greater Accra, where poverty reduction may be better felt.
 Keywords: FDI;Agriculture;Employment;Distribution;Projects.

Theoretical Features of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and its Influence to Economic Growth

There are numerous positive effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) influencing on both the micro and macro levels. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze management approaches to attract FDI. This study is aimed to offer a basis for future empirical investigation into FDI attraction and FDI intentions at the structural level. FDI influences significantly on the economic growth of the host country and the constancy of its macroeconomic performance. A methodical approach providing a solid base for empirical research is defined. In this systematic approach, research design, measurement tool development, data collection and preparation are included.

Emerging multinationals from China and Latin America: a comparative analysis

Latin American countries were pioneers in developing economies’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) activities. Since late 1960s and early 1970s, Latin American countries led the first wave of OFDI from developing economies, steered mainly by Argentina and Brazil. Though they lost ground during debt crisis in 1980s, Latin American countries were catching up in OFDI since late 1990s. In contrast, China’s participation in OFDI started much later, mainly after the year 2000 but hast accelerated very fast since 2008. Even though China and Latin American countries are the main investors from emerging markets, they have many differences in their outward foreign direct investment characteristics, capabilities and development paths. This paper analyses and compares the outward investment data of China and Latin American countries distinguishing the different internationalisation phases of both regions. It also looks at industrial and firm level characteristics analysing the Chinese Minmetals and the Brazilian Vale.

Characteristics of foreign direct investment and economic growth for the MENA region

Despite increases of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to various parts of the world, the MENA region has lagged the global economy with respect to FDI levels. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative research was to examine the causal comparative relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth in the MENA region between 2005 and 2014. The study relied on archival data from the World Bank and focused on the short- and long-run relationship between FDI and GDP in the region, and tested hypotheses based on bivariate regression modelling. An existing short- and long-run causality link stemming from FDI to GDP based on an FDI-enthused growth testable hypothesis was found. A short-run causality link stemming from GDP to FDI based on a growth-compelled FDI testable hypothesis was also found. Study results suggest the need to increase FDI inflows to the MENA region so that short- and long-run economic growth are sustainable.

Characteristics of foreign direct investment and economic growth for the MENA region

Despite increases of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to various parts of the world, the MENA region has lagged the global economy with respect to FDI levels. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative research was to examine the causal comparative relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth in the MENA region between 2005 and 2014. The study relied on archival data from the World Bank and focused on the short- and long-run relationship between FDI and GDP in the region, and tested hypotheses based on bivariate regression modelling. An existing short- and long-run causality link stemming from FDI to GDP based on an FDI-enthused growth testable hypothesis was found. A short-run causality link stemming from GDP to FDI based on a growth-compelled FDI testable hypothesis was also found. Study results suggest the need to increase FDI inflows to the MENA region so that short- and long-run economic growth are sustainable.

Features of Foreign Direct Investment in the Context of Globalization

The authors of the paper describe the features of foreign direct investment (FDI) as one of the driving forces of globalization, and its most prominent manifestation. Discussion on the causal and consequential interrelations of globalization factors leads to the clear distinction of an assessment of globalization level and evaluation of the impact of globalization on economic development. Proposed selected indicators enable to carry out a complex assessment of the level of economic globalization considering FDI factor. An analysis of selected FDI indicators for assessment of the level of globalization of a small open country is carried out in a case of Lithuanian economy. The results of the study indicate the high level of globalization and dependence of Lithuanian economy on foreign capital. The level of globalization of a small open country is more affected on inward FDI in comparison with outward investment.

“Decentralization and Reforms in Albania”, Require Economical and Political Active Role of All Actors

The aim of this article is to present an overview of the international environment, highlighting the differing levels, from local and national, to regional and international. The discussion focuses on the main identifying features of the business organization, including ownership and decision-making structures, as they adapt in differing geographical contexts. It is emphasized that the multinational enterprise (MNE), central to international business activities, covers a variety of organizations, large and small and the growing interactions between organizations, governmental and societal players are resulting in a broader view of the business organization in society. This argument looks at varying perspectives, often argued to be the defining characteristic of our times. The Government of Albania has adopted a comprehensive policy reform program to strengthen Albania's weak institutional and governance capacity. Naturally, at the end of this article we will have a complete vision of Albanian situation. We are going to illustrate the nature of globalization, highlighting trends in globalized production and market, by contrasting the key features of foreign direct investment, foreign indirect investment and other modes of international operations.

The impact of foreign direct investment on domestic supplier industries within Chinese provinces

We investigate empirically whether the presence of foreign enterprises in downstream industries has increased intra-provincial backward linkages in China, and what characteristics of foreign direct investment (FDI) contribute to the generation of backward linkages. We conclude that FDI in downstream industries generally has failed to induce higher backward linkages except for the electronic and telecommunications equipment industry. Across industries, those characteristics of FDI, such as the labour productivity gap between indigenous and foreign companies, whether FDI is from Hong Kong/Macau/Taiwan or other countries and whether FDI is wholly owned or jointly owned, appear less influential on the backward linkages than the activities of foreign enterprises (e.g. value-added activities and import and export activities).

A Study on Different Incentive Preferences and Consideration of Environmental Conditions Depending on Investment Characteristics of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea

A Study on Different Incentive Preferences and Consideration of Environmental Conditions Depending on Investment Characteristics of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea

FDI patterns and trends in central and eastern Europe with particular regard to the new Member States

This article examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in the European context and assesses the significance of relocation of production and workplaces from the west to the east. The first part of the article provides a statistical overview of FDI in central and eastern European countries (CEECs) for the last five years. Structural features of FDI flow and stock are presented and the trend of an increasing role for reinvested profits is examined. The second part focuses on the qualitative features of FDI and foreign trade. It provides evidence of the incidence of relocation, the growing role of intra-industrial trade, and the changing role of manufacturing in the economies of the EU-15 and the CEECs.

A Critical Review of Geographic Studies of Multinational Corporations

This paper critically reviews geographic studies of multinational corporations and presents a future research agenda. Studies on multinational corporations appeared in the fields of economics and business administration much earlier than in geography. Since the 1980s, however, the number of geographic studies has increased rapidly. The focus of these studies has expanded from the location patterns of multinational corporations and spatial characteristics of foreign direct investment to intra- and interfirm linkages, relations between foreign direct investment and the regional economy, transfer of management methods and technology of multinational corporations to local areas, and power structures between multinational companies and state and local governments. Also, although studies on multinational corporations in the manufacturing sector have dominated the research in sheer numbers, studies focusing on the multinationals in the service sector, which have been expanding their businesses in many areas in the world, are now increasing. Most previous studies were conducted at the nation-state scale, but recently, the number of studies at the local scale has also been rising, stimulated by researchers' increasing attention to locality, which embeds multinational corporations in a place. From now, it is necessary to develop studies based on the viewpoints referred above and also to accumulate “firm”-based studies such as those dealing with the corporate culture of multinationals and its transformation.

Foreign Direct Investment in a Process of Economic Integration: The Case of Spanish Manufacturing, 1986-1992

In this paper we analyze the main characteristic features of foreign direct investment (FDI) directed to Spanish manufacturing, both across industries and through time, for the years 1986-1992. During this period, Spain was one of the most important recipients of FDI inflows in the world, coinciding with the first years of integration into the European Union and the prospects about the completion of the Single European Market by 1992. To this end, a relative FDI measure is related to several industry indicators, as well as to some macroeconomic variables, which allows us to obtain a general characterization of FDI in Spanish manufacturing over that period.

Location decision-making characteristics of foreign direct investment in the United States

After a rapid surge in the eighties and despite a decline in growth in the nineties, foreign direct investment in the United States remains significant. Billions have been spent by firms in selecting an investment site location, while billions more have been spent by communities in efforts to attract foreign investment. A survey of domestic and foreign manufacturing companies in the United States indicates that managerial differences across nationalities are evident in plant location decision-making which involves location information sources, preferred incentives, satisfaction levels, and location problems. Implications for manufacturing firm management, as well as economic development officials and policymakers can be derived from comparing foreign investors with their domestic counterparts.