Features Of Depression In Patients Research Articles

Machine learning-based identification and related features of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A cross-sectional study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are twice as likely as nondiabetic individuals to develop depression, which is a prevalent but often undiagnosed psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with DM who are depressed have poor glycemic control, worse quality of life, increased risk of diabetic complications, and higher mortality rate. The present study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models that identify depression in patients with DM, determine the best performing model by evaluating multiple ML algorithms, and investigate features related to depression. We developed six ML models, including random forest, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine (SVM), Adaptive Boosting, light gradient-boosting machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results showed that the SVM model performed well, with a cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.730-0.901). Thirteen features were related to depression in patients with DM. Permutation feature importance showed that the most important feature was subjective health status, followed by level of general stress awareness; stress recognition rate; average monthly income; triglyceride (mg/dL) level; activity restriction status; European quality of life (EuroQoL): usual activity and lying in a sickbed in the past 1 month; EuroQoL: pain / discomfort, self-care, and physical discomfort in the last 2 weeks; and EuroQoL: mobility and chewing problems. The current findings may offer clinicians a better understanding of the relationship between DM and depression using ML approaches and may be an initial step toward developing a more predictive model for the early detection of depressive symptoms in patients with DM.

Features of depression in patients with hypothyroidism

Features of depression in patients with hypothyroidism

Clinical characteristics of depression in patients with episodic consumption of and dependence on alcohol

To study clinical and psychopathological features of depression in patients with consumption of and dependence on alcohol. Eighty-nine depressed patients were examined. The first group included patients with depressive disorders complicated by alcoholism. The second group included patients, which used alcohol in depressive phase. Control group included patients with endogenous depression without drinking alcohol. Examinations of patients were carried out using clinical-psychopathological method, MADRS and statistical analysis of the data. Depressive disorders complicated by consumption of and dependence on alcohol were comparable for the clinical picture, family history, premorbid features. At the same time, they had a number of differences. In patients with alcohol abuse in depressive syndrome, anxious and melancholic depressions were more frequent. They were complicated with alcohol dependence, were more severe, had less favorite outcomes and a trend toward prolonged course and were more psychopathologically polymorphic. Characteristics of depression in patients with consumption of and dependence on alcohol will allow for a more accurate differential diagnosis and more adequate treatment of affective disorders.

H11 Clinical Features of Depression in Huntington's Disease - A Cross Sectional Study Comparing Depressed Patients with and without HD

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterised by a triad of motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Depression is common, but experience suggests that the clinical features of depression in patients with HD may differ from those in the general population, depression in HD being more variable from day to day, and more susceptible to changes in environmental factors and mental stimulation. <h3>Aim</h3> To compare the clinical features of depression in Huntington’s disease with depression in the general population. <h3>Methods</h3> The subjects were 15 HD patients with depression and 15 depressed patients from an out-patient psychiatry clinic. Recruitment was based on inclusion criteria designed to select patients with moderate depression. The non-HD comparison group was matched for age, sex and Visual Analogue Mood Scores. Both groups completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory, Test for Anhedonia questionnaire and a modified version of the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale with 3 questions added about environmental susceptibility of low mood. <h3>Results</h3> There was no significant difference in the total score of all the questionnaires used. The anhedonia (‘lack of enjoyment’) item of the HADS was significantly lower in depressed patients with HD, but we did not find a similar difference for anhedonia items in other scales. Concentration difficulties and susceptibility of mood to environmental stimulation were greater in HD patients, but this difference did not attain statistical significance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The clinical features of depression in patients with HD were similar to those from the general population. However, this pilot study was statistically under-powered, and there was a clear trend for the depressed HD patients to report more improvement in mood with favourable environmental changes. We plan a further study to replicate this in a larger sample and to explore the temporal pervasiveness of low mood in the two groups.

Determinants of carer stress in Alzheimer's disease.

To explore the impact of subgroups and individual symptoms of non-cognitive disturbance on the carers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Cross-sectional study using clinically valid scales to assess patient symptomatology and self-report questionnaires to measure carer variables. Old age psychiatry outreach services in South and Central Manchester. 100 patients with Alzheimer's disease living at home and their carers. Subjective burden and distress in carers. Separate statistical analyses were performed for subgroups and individual symptoms of non-cognitive disturbance. For subgroups, multivariate analyses identified depression and behavioural disturbances in patients as significant predictors of subjective burden in carers. Carer distress was predicted by depression, psychosis and cognitive impairments in patients and carer gender. For individual symptoms of non-cognitive disturbance, three features of depression in patients (mood-related signs, physical signs and behaviour changes), walking disruptions and the patient-carer relationship predicted of subjective burden in carers. Variance in the level of carer distress was accounted for by sleep disruptions, hallucinations and mood-related depressive features in patients and carer gender. The findings confirm that the non-cognitive features of Alzheimer's disease are stressful for carers and indicate specific relationships between mood-related and behavioural signs of depression, walking and sleep disruptions and hallucinations in patients and adverse carer outcomes. Patient depression and the mood-related signs of depression in particular were the most consistent and powerful predictors of psychological morbidity in carers. Intervention strategies need to identify and target troublesome behaviours in patients and aim to either change these behaviours or alter the way carers respond to them. Thus, interventions need to be symptoms-rather than service-led and are likely to require multidisciplinary and multi-agency approaches.

Nonpsychiatric physicians' identification and treatment of depression in patients with diabetes

The recognition of depression by nonpsychiatric physicians was studied in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus. One hundred fourteen patients participating in a longitudinal study of diabetes control and complications also agreed to undergo psychiatric evaluation. Twenty-eight (24.6%) of these patients satisfied the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ed 3) (DSM-III) criteria for major depressive episode. Outpatient and inpatient medical records of these patients were examined and compared to those from a control group of 28 patients without psychiatric diagnosis (psychiatrically well). Physicians recorded the presence of abnormal psychological features (e.g., anxious or depressed mood) in 19 (68%) of the depressed patients and in 1 (3.4%) of the controls ( χ 2 = 22.5, P < .001). A clinical diagnosis of depression, however, was assigned to only 10 (35.7%) of the depressives and to none (0.0%) of the controls ( χ 2 = 14.4, P < .001). Fourteen (50%) of the patients with depression were prescribed one or more psychotropic medications (10 were given antidepressants); 3 (10.7%) of the controls were prescribed these drugs ( χ 2 = 8.4, P < .01). We conclude that diabetologists do correctly identify features of depression in patients with diabetes. However, in only approximately one third of cases is the diagnosis recorded and treatment initiated.