Pre Feasibility Research Articles

Analysis of Materials Used in Hyperloop Capsule

Abstract: Hyperloop transportation system is the advancement of railway system. It can eliminate most of the problems which occurs when we use road as a medium of transport. It uses a capsule kind of a thing which carries upto 28 passengers. The main area of research done is on the materials used to make the capsule of the hyperloop. We have compared many materials and have come out with the best material as far as our knowledge is concerned . The capsule must be made of materials which possess very good properties and which are resistant to impact forces. We have come across 3 such materials and have included another interesting material which can be made in the near future. While selecting the material we have to do a pre feasibility study which covers aspects such as budget longetivity availability etc. The four materials which we came across are steel , concrete, carbon fibre and vibranium.

Pre Feasibility Study of a Wind PV Hybrid System Supplying a Desalination Plant in Fernando de Noronha Island, in Northeastern Brazil

Pre Feasibility Study of a Wind PV Hybrid System Supplying a Desalination Plant in Fernando de Noronha Island, in Northeastern Brazil

Pre Feasibility Study of Underground Drainage System for Kupwad City

Pre Feasibility Study of Underground Drainage System for Kupwad City

KAJIAN POTENSI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA MELALUI HILIRISASI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI VCO DIKAWASAN PEDESAAN BATU AMPAR KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

This research provides a more accurate picture of information in the possibility of developing a coconut commodity in the core bussines in rural Batu Ampar area, and to know the information about investment needs of the possibility efforts in prospective through the development of coconut as a simple industrial activity processing Virgin Coconut Oil, in the form of pre Feasibility Industry Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to be develop into core bussines rural Batu Ampar area. The potential opportunities for developed of downstream coconut industry in the processed product industry in the form of VCO that provides value added products to improve the welfare of people in the rural area of Batu Ampar. Minimize the risk of business failure and provide profitable business opportunities that provide benefit for the community economy and the sustainable growth in the long term. The approach in research is done with opportunity analysis, production trials and using financialanalysis.Keywords : Coconut, Industry Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Financial Analysis, Business Feasibility

Pre feasibility study in hydrometallurgical treatment of low-grade chalcopyrite ores from Sarcheshmeh copper mine

Chalcopyrite heap leaching is not yet a commercial reality, not just because of its lower recovery or slower kinetics, but rather, because of the economic impacts lower recovery and slower kinetics impose to the operating cost of the process. Considering the importance of the financial analysis on the economics of the operation, in this research, the economics of hydrometallurgical treatment of low-grade chalcopyrite deposit at Sarcheshmeh mine as a function of ore grade and extraction recovery were investigated. First, a brief history and theory of chalcopyrite ore leaching has been reviewed, showing that bio heap leaching at a possibly higher temperature with forced aeration is the only viable technique in treatment of low-grade chalcopyrite ores. In the economic feasibility study section, an operating cost estimate, capital cost estimate and economic analysis for a plant with 7000 tons per year copper cathode production capacity as a function of ore grades, acid consumption and heap leaching recoveries were investigated. Preliminary capital cost and operating cost estimates were made within two scenarios for a plant utilizing bio heap leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning of low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The operating cost, for instance, was shown to be between US$5.99/kg to US$4.29/kg of copper cathode for extraction recoveries of 30% to 50% in a scenario where the construction of new SX and EW plants are required (Scenario 1). The operating cost was shown to reduce to US$5.36/kg to US$3.66/kg, for a similar recovery range, if the current SX and EW facility can absorb the bio heap leaching solution (Scenario 2). Using the operating cost data and the current copper selling price, the ore cut-off grade as a function of copper extraction efficiency was identified. The economic analysis showed that for an ore containing 0.28% copper, 7000 tons per year of copper cathode production requires a total investment of 38 million US dollar. The internal rate of return for such a plant was shown to vary between −2% to 27% for copper extraction efficiencies between 30% to 50% (Scenario 1). The sensitivity analysis of the similar plant showed that a copper selling price of US$5/kg, for instance, can even make the 50% copper extraction efficiency economically unacceptable for scenario 1.

Temporally explicit life cycle assessment as an environmental performance decision making tool in rare earth project development

The study shows that a detailed LCA can be carried out for a proposed mining project as soon as Prefeasibility (PFS) data are available. The prefeasibility study is one of the key early steps in bringing a deposit towards production and results are often publically available. This study applies the technique to a rare earth deposit because rare earth element (REE) consumption is increasing owing to their use in low-carbon technologies such as electric vehicles and wind turbines. It is therefore particularly important to understand the environmental impacts of the raw materials. A number of REE deposits are under development to give additional supply and many possess novel mineral compositions and will require different processing methods than previously used. Assessing the environmental performance of the production of REE during the development of projects offers significant insights into how to improve the sustainability of a project. In this study we used life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the environmental impacts for producing rare earth oxide (REO) from the Bear Lodge Project, United States. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment results were produced for each year over the life of the project, generating insight about the relationships between ore composition, grade, processing method and environmental impacts. The environmental impacts vary significantly during the life of a project and a temporally explicit LCA can highlight these.

Use of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technique for Pre-feasibility Analysis of Rural Water Pipeline Grids

The article outlines a procedure of pre-feasibility analysis of planned rural water supply pipeline grids in India. Usually, these type of pre feasibility studies prior to actual implementation, is carried out based on ground surveys and is time consuming. In this work, we use thematic spatial data, such as geomorphology and landuse–landcover along with digital elevation model (DEM) to carry out the pre-feasibility assessment of proposed pipeline grids. DEM generated from CartoSat-1 stereo data has been used to understand the possible topographic hindrances along the planned pipeline route and optimise the same. Further, topographic data also indicates the possible routes of gravity assisted flow. The geomorphology thematic data interpreted from Resourcesat-1 LISS III imagery is used to identify possible geomorphologic hindrances along the pipeline route. Similarly, landuse–landcover information derived from Resourcesat-2 LISS III images, was used to assess the land use/cover impact of the planed pipeline corridor. This has been demonstrated, in the current article using a hypothetical pipeline route. The activity can be carried in a specially designed geo-spatial interface in NRSC/ISRO Bhuvan geoportal. This type of assessment can prove to be time saving and cost effective at a pre-feasibility stage.

Feasibility of Pre- and Postoperative Gemcitabine-plus-Cisplatin Systemic Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma in Kidney Transplant Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of pre- and postoperative gemcitabine-plus-cisplatin (GC) adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant patients. MethodsSeven kidney transplant patients diagnosed with locally advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with a pre- and postoperative GC adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2008 and March 2012. Gemcitabine (800 mg/m2) was administered at as an intravenous infusion on days 1 and 8. A total cisplatin dosage of 100 mg/cycle was administered on 2 days (50 mg/d on days 2 and 3) as an intravenous infusion. A single treatment cycle lasted 21 days. At the beginning of chemotherapy, the cyclosporine (CSA) dosage was reduced by 25 mg/d (on day 1 through day 8) if the blood CSA concentration was well maintained and did not fluctuate significantly. In addition, mycophenolate mofetil was reduced by 500 mg/d, while azathioprine was reduced by 25 mg/d (on day 1 through day 16). One cycle of GC neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given before operation, and several GC cycles were given after operation according to the patients' situation. Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, chemotherapy regimen, chemotherapy efficacy, and side effects of the 7 patients. ResultsThe 7 patients were all treated with 1 course of presurgical chemotherapy. The seven patients completed 24 treatment cycles of chemotherapy in total. The average GC medication period per patient was 3.4 cycles. The postsurgery follow-up was 6 to 36 months (average-22.1); all of the patients survived. There was 1 case of complete remission (14.5%), 2 of partial remission (28.5%), and 4 of stable disease (57%), with one case of T4N1M0 and three cases of T3N0M0. The overall efficacy was 43%. The toxicity and side effects associated with the GC regimen were largely associated with myelosuppression. The other side effects included reversible nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal tract and skin reactions, as well as phlebitis. Hematologic toxic reactions included reversible leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. There was 1 case of degree III anemia and 1 case of degree II; 5 cases of degree III and 1 of degree II leukopenia; and 3 of degree II thrombocytopenia. Gastrointestinal reactions included nausea, vomiting, and constipation. There were 2 cases of degree III and 4 cases of degree II nausea and vomiting as well as 2 cases of degree III and 3 cases of degree II constipation. There were 3 cases of degree I phlebitis (43%) and 2 cases of degree I skin erythema. The nephrotoxicity reactions were all reversible. Both liver function and grafted kidney function were not significantly altered after chemotherapy compared with prior to chemotherapy. None of the patients suffered renal allograft rejection after chemotherapy; none required additional antirejection drug treatments. The original antirejection treatment regimen was restored after the patients completed the chemotherapy treatment cycles. ConclusionWe confirmed the efficacy of applying a GC regimen to treat locally advanced urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant patients. The side effects were tolerable and reversible with minor impacts on graft function.

Application of Wind Energy Source to Large Scale Desalination System Prefeasibility Analysis-Investigation of Wind Power Potential in Coastal Areas of Tamilnadu

The total power demand in our country is increasing every year because of the increasing population. Conventional energy sources are limited by the constraints such as emission of CO2, increasing price of oil etc. To increase the power generation we need to go for non conventional energy sources among which wind energy is available in abundance. This paper discusses the possibility of using wind energy for the stand alone large scale applications eliminating the constraints on the grid connection. This is the pre feasibility study of wind power generation by analyzing the daily wind patterns in the coastal areas. This forms a good base for analyzing the feasibility of standalone wind system to large scale applications. HOMER software is used as an optimization tool. From the results Chennai has better energy density and Tutukurin has higher capacity factor. The study makes it feasible to next step in analyzing the feasibility of implementing a standalone desalination unit in coastal regions of Tamilnadu.

Pre feasibility of cogeneration in a hotel in Bangladesh

Pre feasibility of cogeneration in a hotel in Bangladesh was carried out. Information on steam and electricity consumption in a hotel was collected through site visits and surveys via questionnaire. Historical energy consumption data shows that the power to heat ratio of the plant was 0.35. For average power to heat ratio of 0.35, three types of the prime movers i.e. steam turbine, reciprocating engine and gas turbine cogeneration system was considered. From the sensitivity analysis the potential cogeneration alternatives of the hotel, the reciprocating engine power match option meeting power requirement of 525 kW to be the most suitable co-generation system. It represents an initial investment of 0.034 billion Taka (1 US $ = Tk 58) and leads to an internal rate of return of 41.8%. Keywords: cogeneration, sensitivity analysis,energy class. Nepalese Journal of Engineering Vol.1(1) 2005 pp. 76-79

A phased approach to mine dewatering

The construction of an excavation often means penetrating the local or regional water table. This causes inflows, which if the country rock is significantly permeable can become at best a nuisance to operations and at worst a hazard. Dry working conditions are preferable as they reduce wear and tear on machinery, reduce earth moving costs and often improve slope stability and therefore safety. Options available to mine management are dewatering, diversion, sealing or a combination of methods. To achieve the most effective, least cost method it is essential that the origin of the ground water is determined. The success of a dewatering exercise is directly linked to an understanding of the ground water regime. Mines cannot afford to use “blanket methods” when dealing with ground water. It is essential to target the actual inflows and not divert or seal off water indiscriminately. The potential impact of ground water inflow to a mine can often be assessed at the pre feasibility stage. A hydrogeological investigation is best tackled in three phases. The first phase is a desk study and borehole census and can be initiated by the mine or quarry developers. The main objective is to determine water levels and regional hydrogeology. It is very important that the Phase one hydrogeological investigation is started at the same time as the geological investigation. All exploration drilling records should include comment on where water was encountered and in what volume. The objective of Phase two is to indicate at a first level of confidence the probable impact of mining on the ground water and vice versa. The level of confidence is determined by the quality of data collected in Phase one. At the end of Phase one management will be able to assess if water is going to prove a hazard to mining or not. If it is going to be a hazard then Phase three will be activated. The objective of Phase three is to plan how to reduce or remove the hazard and either handle or divert the probable inflows. Phase three can be accomplished through trial dewatering, computer modelling or through the application of practical experience. The level of sophistication at Phase three is determined by the potential costs and risks involved.