Fear Of Repercussions Research Articles

Women’s Strategies to Cope with Harassment in Za’atari Camp and the Role of Humanitarian Reporting Mechanisms

Abstract The refugee experience is frequently marred by pervasive gender-based violence, particularly harassment, in refugee camps. Women, disproportionately affected due to entrenched gender biases, often suffer in silence due to societal stigma. In Za’atari Camp in Jordan, women face various forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), notably verbal harassment, exacerbating their plight amidst a culture of victim-blaming. While humanitarian efforts have made strides, challenges persist in reporting and adopting sensitive response mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate gaps in protection plans, response procedures, and reporting at Za’atari Camp, analysing coping mechanisms and resistance behaviours of women facing harassment. With 409 survey responses, findings reveal enduring verbal harassment and reporting barriers fuelled by fear of repercussions and survivor blaming. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the effective implementation of humanitarian policies and standard operating procedures, necessitating collective action to create a supportive environment for all women in the camp.

Fraud Factor Analysis Hexagon in Detecting Financial Report Fraud In Listed Companies in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Approach

Financial reporting fraud is a significant challenge across industries, undermining stakeholder trust and the reliability of financial data. The Fraud Model Hexagon expands upon earlier models, like the Fraud Triangle and Fraud Diamond, by introducing six elements pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, ego, and collusion that offer a comprehensive view of the factors enabling fraud. This literature review systematically examines the model's effectiveness in detecting financial fraud within Indonesian corporations, especially those listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange or connected to political and governmental entities. Ten studies from 2018 to 2024 were analyzed, focusing on each Fraud Hexagon element's role in fostering fraud. Findings highlight that pressure, opportunity, and collusion are primary drivers of fraud in politically connected sectors, with capability and rationalization further facilitating fraud, while ego emboldens managers to act without fear of repercussions. The Fraud Hexagon provides a nuanced framework for risk assessment, prompting recommendations for stronger internal controls and ethical standards. It also serves as a valuable diagnostic tool for auditors and regulators, particularly in politically sensitive sectors. This study contributes to understanding the social and psychological dimensions of financial fraud and offers a foundation for future cross-industry research.

Patient hand hygiene experiences in a primary care centre in Ireland during COVID-19

The implementation of proper hand hygiene (HH) has been shown to reduce the risk of developing healthcare-associated infections. There is an increased awareness of the importance of HH since the onset of COVID-19. This study used an interpretive descriptive qualitative design to explore patients’ experiences of healthc workers’ (HCWs’) HH practices in a primary care centre in Ireland during COVID-19. The data were collected from 12 participants using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Two themes were constructed, each with two subthemes. Theme 1, ‘Focus and Awareness’, had the subthemes ‘Hand Hygiene and Patient’s Awareness’ and ‘Positive Effects of COVID-19’. Theme 2, ‘Breaking Barriers’, had the subthemes ‘Fear of Repercussions’ and ‘Responsibility and Empowerment’. Patients believed they should have a role when it comes to ensuring correct HH is performed during their episode of care. Barriers to this included the perceived reaction of HCWs to the feedback and a lack of knowledge of the five moments of hand hygiene.

When Things Go Right: Safety II in an Academic Emergency Department.

Objectives Historically, "safety" has been defined as an absence of error. Practice variability of any kind has been viewed as a threat. This is termed Safety I. Meanwhile, Safety II posits that clinician practice variability is a necessary adaptation required to meet patient needs in a complex healthcare system. We hypothesize that clinicians in the emergency department (ED) make proactive adaptations and utilize practice variability to enhance safety. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey-based study of clinical team members at a tertiary care academic ED with an annual census of 76,000. Qualitative data on instances of proactive safety were collected and analyzed via inductive response analysis. Ratings of support for practice adjustments and experiences of negative emotions during practice variability were collected using 5-point Likert scales. Results There were 84 respondents, of which 33 (39%) were nurses, 28 (33%) were physicians, and 23 (27%) held other clinical roles. Qualitative data included 128 instances of harm prevention, with some respondents describing more than one. Instances include proactive safety via collaboration (n = 47; 36.72%), time-based interventions (n = 46; 35.94%), physical harm prevention (n = 27; 21.10%), and patient/visitor interactions (n = 8; 6.25%). Of respondents, 73.17% (n = 30) felt that policies matched daily work most of the time, and 92.68% (n = 38) felt enabled to adapt to the needs of a patient most of the time. Experiences of self-doubt, fear of repercussion, or anxiety occurred most when adhering to a policy despite patient needs (n = 20; 48.78%). Conclusions Clinical team members report keeping patients safe through various forms of behavior adaptations, most frequently reporting collaboration beyond usual expected practice. Respondents report policies to match daily work most of the time and feel enabled to adapt to the needs of patients. Feelings of self-doubt, fear of repercussion, or anxiety were reported most frequently when clinicians adhered to a policy despite the needs of a patient.

NICK DUNNE’S DISLOYALTY IN GILLIAN FLYNN'S GONE GIRL

This study discusses about Nick Dunne’s disloyalty in Gillian Flynn's Gone Girl. In analysing the data from Dunne’s character, this study applies descriptive qualitative method and psychological theory which is aimed to explain the portrayal, causes, and effects of Nick Dunne’s disloyalty. There are three categories of the findings as the result of this study, the type of Dunne’s disloyalty, the causes of Dunne’s disloyalty and the effects of Dunne’s disloyalty. The type of Dunne’s disloyalty is romantic love affair. The causes of Dunne’s disloyalty are desire of novelty, poor communication, insecurity, and lack of intimacy. There are two kinds of effects from Dunne’s disloyalty, namely effect on the doer and effect on the victim. The effects of Dunne’s disloyalty on the doer, Dunne himself, include suffering from guilt and shame, inner conflict, identity crisis, self-doubt, fear of repercussion, desire of personal growth and change, and lack of intimacy with his wife. The effects of Dunne’s disloyalty on the victim, Amy, include anguish from betrayal and emotional trauma, loss of self-esteem, trust issues, emotional roller coaster, self-blame, fear of repeating betrayal, and lack of intimacy.

Barriers to medical consultation and strategies for enhancing the prevention and reporting of child abuse: A cross-sectional survey of caregivers of paediatric patients at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan.

To assess the knowledge of caregivers in a tertiary care setting about child abuse, their perception of potential barriers in the way of seeking medical advice for the victims, and to identify proposed solutions to ensure prevention and reporting of child abuse. The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022 at the paediatric ward of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised caregivers who were attendants of inpatients. Data was collected using a predesigned anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 27 items that were scored on a 6-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Of the 144 caregivers, 96(66.6%) were females and 48(33.3%) were males. Overall, 86(59.7%) were aged <35 years, 132(91.7%) were married, and 120(83.3%) were the admitted child's parent. The majority of caregivers 110(76.4%) perceived themselves to possess a high level of knowledge about child abuse. Barriers identified included a lack of trust in police and medicolegal departments 136(94.4%), fear of repercussion from the suspect 120(83.3%) and lack of confidentiality of the victims' identity 116(80.6%). The proposed solutions included spreading awareness among teachers 136(94.4%) and caregivers 131(91.0%) about timely reporting and consultation, and developing proper mechanisms to follow-up on victims 133(92.4%). There were significant associations between some demographic characteristics of the respondents and their self-perceived knowledge and perceptions (p<0.05). There was found a need to enhance public trust, ensure confidentiality, and fostering awareness through targeted strategies for a safer and more facilitative environment for children.

Causes of medication administration errors and barriers to reporting as perceived by nurses in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study.

Medication administration errors significantly impact patient safety, potentially leading to severe harm or fatality. Reporting such errors through active systems improves medication administration, thereby enhancing patient safety and the quality of care. However, in the context of Saudi Arabia, little is understood about the causes of medication administration errors and the obstacles hindering their reporting. This study aimed to explore nurses' perceptions of the causes of medication administration errors and the barriers to reporting them. The study employed a qualitative descriptive design, conducting face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 43 nurses from three hospitals in Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia, between October and November 2023. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants, and thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The following themes emerged regarding the causes of medication administration errors: order deficiencies, high workloads and staff shortages, and malpractice. Regarding the barriers to reporting errors, the emerging themes were fear of punishment and lack of support, lack of knowledge and awareness about reporting, and lack of feedback. This study reveals nurses' perceptions of the causes of medication administration errors and the barriers to reporting them. Recognizing and addressing these causes and barriers are essential for patient safety and the improvement of the healthcare environment. Efforts should be directed toward implementing interventions that address high workloads, enhance staff education and awareness, and promote a workplace culture conducive to reporting errors without fear of repercussions. Additionally, supportive mechanisms, such as feedback systems and resources for professional development, should be implemented to empower nurses to actively participate in error reporting and contribute to continuous improvement in medication administration practices.

Recording antimicrobial use on Irish dairy farms: Barriers and facilitators to using technology and sharing data

Antimicrobial use (AMU) data are essential to monitor the impact of AMU reduction strategies in animal health. The use of technology and herd recording software to record AMU will be vital to scale the collation of these data in the future. The aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators to Irish dairy farmers recording their AMU using a herd recording software and sharing AMU data. Thirty-three Irish dairy farmers involved in a study on AMU monitoring were asked to record their AMU using a herd recording software over a 12-mo period. At the end of the 12-mo period, 10 of these farmers were selected to take part in semi-structured interviews exploring their opinions on recording AMU, the use of herd recording software, and sharing AMU data. Interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Several barriers and facilitators to farmers recording their AMU using a herd recording software and sharing AMU data were identified. Barriers included the age and generation of the farmer, farm infrastructure, a lack of training and education, a lack of knowledge around the benefits of digital data, a lack of incentive to digitalise records, and a fear of repercussions. Facilitators identified by the farmers included the benefits of having instantly available data for making herd management decisions, reduced paperwork, increased organization for inspections, and a potential positive impact on the image of the dairy industry. To increase the uptake of new technology to record AMU at farm-level, farmers will need support in terms of education and training around the software available to them and reassurance around the perceived risks of repercussions with sharing data in a digital format.

Using community-based, participatory qualitative research to identify determinants of routine vaccination drop-out for children under 2 in Lilongwe and Mzimba North Districts, Malawi

ObjectiveIn recent years, full childhood routine immunisation coverage has fallen by 5% to levels not seen since 2008; between 2019 and 2021, 67 million children were undervaccinated. We aimed to...

Navigating power dynamics between pharmacy preceptors and learners

Pharmacy preceptors are crucial in pharmacy experiential education. They help develop learners during didactic learning, experiential learning, and post-graduate training. Preceptors hold a position of authority over learners as they are responsible for providing feedback and ultimately completing evaluations that determine whether the student passes or does not pass the rotation. Preceptor status, behavior, and communication style may cause students to feel intimidated. Preceptors should be aware of this power differential and keep generational, gender, cultural, and other factors in mind when providing feedback. Preceptors should also receive training and be open to constructive feedback from learners to ensure the experience meets the needs of the learner and allow for adjustments on the experiential rotation. Students should be empowered to provide open and honest feedback to preceptors in a psychologically safe environment without fear of repercussions.

Opportunity matters: Tenure and faculty status for academic librarians

This paper delves into the debate over faculty status and tenure for academic librarians. Unlike subject-area professors, librarians often lack the opportunity for these distinctions. It’s imperative that universities acknowledge the significance of these titles for librarians and reform the tenure process. Faculty status and tenure carry prestige in academia, offering job security, salary progression, and protection from arbitrary dismissal. They also safeguard academic freedom, allowing scholars to voice opinions and pursue research without fear of repercussions. However, the issue of tenure for librarians remains contentious. Granting tenure to academic librarians is crucial to creating a flourishing university culture.

Negotiating trust during times of uncertainty: haemophilia and AIDS

Trust forms the core of healing relationships. Mistrust can co-exist and complement trust by enabling patients’ to challenge medical decisions without fear of repercussion, thereby negotiating a more patient-centric approach. While trust can safeguard the therapeutic relationship during periods of medical uncertainty, a reappraisal of trust at such times can lead to its loss, adversely affecting this relationship. This occurred during the 1980s when haemophilia patients contracted AIDS from their treatment, a situation of iatrogenic harm at a time of evolving uncertainty. Published literature on how this impacted on doctor’s response is absent. Using legal and narrative material from the UK and elsewhere, this paper will address profoundly distressing dilemmas in the stance of haemophilia physicians towards their patients during the 1980s and how this impacted on trust. The paper argues that trust and mistrust are fluid during times of uncertainty. This trust is subject to social forces that are ethically challenging and beyond individual control. Its recovery requires fresh societal debate. This understanding is of fundamental importance in the training of medical students and doctors to become better physicians.

Needlestick and Sharp Injuries among Healthcare Workers in the Operating Theatre: Why They Do Not Report Their Incidences

Introduction: Needlestick and Sharp Injuries (NSSIs) pose a significant threat to healthcare workers, particularly in Operating Theatres (OTs), where the risk of exposure is compounded by high-stress environments and the complexity of procedures. Despite the known dangers, a persistent issue of underreporting complicates efforts to safeguard worker and patient health. This paper promotes the adoption of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) to mitigate these risks, aiming to improve reporting behaviors and, by extension, overall safety within healthcare settings. Methods: This study utilizes a qualitative research approach, combining literature review and case studies to explore the phenomena of NSSI underreporting among healthcare workers. It examines barriers to reporting within OTs, such as fear of repercussions and time constraints, and proposes interventions based on EBP. Research methodology emphasizes the application of theory to practice through multidisciplinary team involvement, workshops, and the establishment of clear, achievable goals. Results: The investigation reveals that while healthcare workers are generally aware of the protocols for reporting NSSIs, a range of barriers inhibits consistent application in practice. The study identifies effective strategies for bridging the theory practice gap, including fostering a constructive learning environment, ensuring leadership support, and promoting open communication. These strategies are shown to facilitate the practical application of theoretical knowledge, thereby improving reporting rates and enhancing safety protocols in OTs. Conclusions: Effectively addressing NSSIs in healthcare settings, particularly in Operating Theatres, requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses education, clear reporting protocols, and a culture of collective responsibility. Bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application through workshops, evidence translation, and an emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration is key to enhancing patient and worker safety. The study underscores the necessity of understanding the multifaceted nature of behavior change in healthcare environments to implement successful EBP strategies.

Medication error reporting attitudes and practices in a regional Australian hospital: a qualitative study

AbstractBackgroundMedication errors are events that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm. Australians living outside metropolitan areas have poorer health outcomes than those living in urban areas. Medication error reporting (MER) practices vary due to the attitude of healthcare professionals (HCPs). MER can improve patient safety in community and hospital settings.AimTo explore HCPs' attitudes, practices, and recommendations towards MER in a regional hospital setting in Australia.MethodSemistructured interviews were employed to identify the attitudes, practices, and recommendations of HCPs for the best utilisation of medication error reports. The study recruited HCPs (nurses, pharmacists, and doctors) working in all clinical areas from November 2021–February 2022. Interviews were recorded and transcribed via thematic analysis. Ethics approval was obtained from the Goulburn Valley Health (GVH) Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: GVH 35/21). Informed consent was obtained from participants via an information sheet and completion of a written consent form.ResultsInterviews with twelve HCPs elucidated four themes: barriers and enablers to reporting, and perceived benefits and recommendations for medication error reports. There was good understanding among regional HCPs about the benefits of MER. Attitudes and practices varied, with nurses reporting more medication errors than doctors, and pharmacists being concerned about the impact of reporting on interprofessional relations. Their recommendations involved standardising medication error definition and improving electronic system education.ConclusionDespite HCPs' understanding of the role of MER, their practices varied. We recommend improved protected time for learning, training with the incident reporting software, education about medication errors, and formalisation of test feedback to clinicians. The implementation of workplace cultural practice changes to improve organisational systems and enhance error reporting without fear of repercussions, and the adoption of additional solutions such as electronic prescribing are also encouraged.

Bullying, harassment, and discrimination of musculoskeletal researchers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study.

Bullying, harassment, and discrimination (BHD) are prevalent in academic, scientific, and clinical departments, particularly orthopedic surgery, and can have lasting effects on victims. As it is unclear how BHD affects musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers, the following study assessed BHD in the MSK research community and whether the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused hardships in other industries, had an impact. A web-based anonymous survey was developed in English by ORS Spine Section members to assess the impact of COVID-19 on MSK researchers in North America, Europe, and Asia, which included questions to evaluate the personal experience of researchers regarding BHD. 116 MSK researchers completed the survey. Of respondents, 34.5% (n = 40) focused on spine, 30.2% (n = 35) had multiple areas of interest, and 35.3% (n = 41) represented other areas of MSK research. BHD was observed by 26.7% (n = 31) of respondents and personally experienced by 11.2% (n = 13), with mid-career faculty both observing and experiencing the most BHD. Most who experienced BHD (53.8%, n = 7) experienced multiple forms. 32.8% (n = 38) of respondents were not able to speak out about BHD without fear of repercussions, with 13.8% (n = 16) being unsure about this. Of those who observed BHD, 54.8% (n = 17) noted that the COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on their observations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to address the prevalence and determinants of BHD among MSK researchers. MSK researchers experienced and observed BHD, while many were not comfortable reporting and discussing violations to their institution. The COVID-19 pandemic had mixed-effects on BHD. Awareness and proactive policy changes may be warranted to reduce/eliminate the occurrence of BHD in this community.

The Relationship between Psychological Safety and Management Team Effectiveness: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Integration.

This study explores whether there is an indirect effect of psychological safety on team effectiveness in management teams, operating through the mediating variable of behavioral integration. Whilst there exists a fair amount of research on the relationship between psychological safety and team effectiveness, few have looked at potential mechanisms that can explain this association in management teams. We propose behavioral integration to be a potential mediator. Data are collected from 1150 leaders in 160 Norwegian management teams, answering a questionnaire measuring team functioning and effectiveness. Team size ranged from 3 to 19 members. Our results show a significant indirect effect of psychological safety on management team effectiveness, mediated by behavioral integration. Thus, the more team members perceive the climate as safe in terms of speaking their mind without the fear of repercussions, the more they partake in mutual collaboration, information sharing and experience ownership in the decisions being made. This is associated with management teams performing better. We also found a positive relationship between psychological safety and behavioral integration, and-in line with previous studies-that psychological safety and behavioral integration both were positively related to team effectiveness. This study adds to the existing team research literature by expanding our knowledge about the importance of psychological safety and the way it influences management team performance at all levels throughout the organizational hierarchy.

The current and future role of artificial intelligence in optimizing donor organ utilization and recipient outcomes in heart transplantation

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While medical management and mechanical circulatory support have undergone significant advancement in recent years, orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) remains the most definitive therapy for refractory HF. OHT has seen steady improvement in patient survival and quality of life (QoL) since its inception, with one-year mortality now under 8%. However, a significant number of HF patients are unable to receive OHT due to scarcity of donor hearts. The United Network for Organ Sharing has recently revised its organ allocation criteria in an effort to provide more equitable access to OHT. Despite these changes, there are many potential donor hearts that are inevitably rejected. Arbitrary regulations from the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services and fear of repercussions if one-year mortality falls below established values has led to a current state of excessive risk aversion for which organs are accepted for OHT. Furthermore, non-standardized utilization of extended criteria donors and donation after circulatory death, exacerbate the organ shortage. Data-driven systems can improve donor-recipient matching, better predict patient QoL post-OHT, and decrease needless organ waste through more uniform application of acceptance criteria. Thus, we propose a data-driven future for OHT and a move to patient-centric and holistic transplantation care processes.

Perspectives on Psychological Safety in the Operating Room: Investigating the Factors That Influence the Culture of Safety in the Operating Room

INTRODUCTION: Psychological safety (PS) is the concept where members of a team are empowered to ask questions, report errors, and speak up without fear of repercussion. PS is particularly important in the operating room (OR), which demands high-level performance from all members of the team, under multiple stressors. There are limited studies looking at PS in the OR from the perspectives of each highly specialized team member. Therefore, we are investigating each members’ perspectives about the factors that contribute to and retract from establishing PS in the OR. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with operative team members at Baylor Scott and White Memorial Hospital, including surgeons, surgical residents, circulating nurses, surgical technologists, anesthesiologists, and nurse anesthetists. The interviews were sorted by role, transcribed, and de-identified for confidentiality. The transcribed data is being coded and analyzed by two investigators independently. The codes will then be put into categories and themes. RESULTS: There were 21 participants, including 7 surgeons, 4 surgical residents, 2 anesthesiologists, 4 nurse anesthetists, 3 surgical technologists, and 1 circulating nurse. We are currently in the process of codifying and analyzing the data. Preliminary themes include non-physician vs physician perspectives on roles and responsibilities, and internal vs external influences on team dynamics (Table). CONCLUSION: We sought to capture perceptions and lived experiences that will shed light on what strengthens or weakens psychological safety within the OR. And, ultimately build a stronger culture of safety for the benefit of all OR team members and their patients. Table 1. - Questions asked during individual interviews and focused group to guide discussion. Interview/Focus Group Questions 1. Describe an operating room (OR) where you feel completely at home. 2. Aside from clinical aspects, what are the biggest challenges facing the operating team? 3. Has there been an event in the OR where you felt that you wanted to say or do something, but didn’t? Why?a. Sub-question: What are your thoughts on the MIDAS incident reporting tool? 4. What does Psychological Safety (PS) in the OR look like to you? 5. What do you think are things that would support PS in the OR for you? 6. What do you think are things that would act as barriers to achieving PS in the OR for you? 7. How do lead operating surgeons (attending or chief resident) contribute to or retract from PS in the OR?

Every breath counts: Lessons learned in developing a training NICU in Northern Tanzania.

IntroductionNeonatal mortality rates in resource-limited hospitals of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain disproportionately high and are likely underestimated due to misclassification of extremely preterm births as “stillbirths” or “abortions”, incomplete death registries, fear of repercussions from hospital and governmental authorities, unrecorded village deaths, and cultural beliefs surrounding the viability of premature newborns. While neonatology partnerships exist between high income countries and hospitals in SSA, efforts have largely been directed toward improving newborn survival through neonatal resuscitation training and provision of equipment to nascent neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). These measures are incomplete and fail to address the challenges which NICUs routinely face in low-resource settings. We draw on lessons learned in the development of a low-technology referral NICU in Tanzania that achieved an overall 92% survival rate among infants.Lessons learnedAchieving high survival rates among critically ill and preterm neonates in SSA is possible without use of expensive, advanced-skill technologies like mechanical ventilators. Evidence-based protocols adapted to low-resource hospitals, mentorship of nurses and physicians, changes in hierarchal culture, improved nurse-infant staffing ratios, involvement of mothers, improved procurement of consumables and medications, and bedside diagnostics are necessary steps to achieving high survival rates. Our NICU experience indicates that low-technology solutions of thermoregulation, respiratory support via continuous positive airway pressure, feeding protocols and infection control measures can ensure that infants not only survive, but thrive.ConclusionsNeonatal mortality and survival of preterm newborns can be improved through a long-term commitment to training NICU staff, strengthening basic neonatal care practices, contextually appropriate protocols, and limited technology.

Open for business: a quantitative analysis of teachers’ experiences of marketisation in international schools

ABSTRACT The global education reform movement has led to the development of quasi-markets and the promotion of business-like operation of schools with the goal of improving education for students and opportunities for teachers. While many types of schools have been influenced by marketisation, the international school market is a prime example of how such processes can be fully integrated into education. However, despite the prevalence of market reforms, little is known of their impact on educational employees. This research investigates the perspectives and experiences of teachers in compulsory-age international schools operated by large multi-national for-profit education management organisations to understand how business-like operations within a school market affect their daily work. Semi-structured interviews were used to create items to measure the business influences. Scales were then developed with Mokken Scale analysis and Rasch analysis. The two scales demonstrate distinct patterns of marketisation. The scale of direct business influences on teachers’ work includes items on competition between schools, increasing admissions and improving finances, while the scale of indirect influences includes items about job insecurity, hierarchical organisational structures, fear of repercussions when voicing professional opinions, and an emphasis on evidence of learning. Notably, these quantitative patterns were consistent across many different types of schools, both for-profit, non-profit private schools and government schools. These findings demonstrate the strength of researching teachers’ experiences to understand the impact of marketisation on education.