Fear Of Diversity Research Articles

Working on the future of group analysis — the future of the past

If we observe group analysis as a figure in the social field, many changes in society undoubtedly shape it both as a theory, a therapeutic method and a form of training. That is how it was and will be. This shaping is slow, discreet but an active process of constant acculturation of both group analysis and group analysts. Wars, migrations, emigrations, cultural diversities create a need for a more flexible and culturally attuned profile of group analysts, who are not only capable of working with diversity, but also within diversity—actively reflecting on their own identity and experience even under the pressure and tormented by problems of preserving their own tent canvas. This is one possible future for group analysis, in the ever-increasing intertwining and cross-fertilization between human sciences such as sociology, history, anthropology, ethnology, linguistics, communicology, art, with no fear of diversity that threatens identity, with openness of new generation of group analysts to heteroglossia.

“He Who Leaves the Old Way for the New, Knows What He Leaves, but Does Not Know What He Will Find”: Traditionalism, Zero-Sum Thinking, and Imagined Future

The radical rejection of the liberal political movements of the 1960s and 1970s by conservative politicians has been a core aspect of conservative politics. In fact, the youth movements of the 1960s broadened the goals of the labor and civil rights movement, also dealing with pacifism, ecologism, promotion of a new sexuality, new rights for women, and different sexual identities foreshadowing a revolutionary future for Western societies. It has been referred to as the silent revolution to define this movement of social change that began more than half a century ago. However, the reaction to the changes promoted by this movement since the 1980s has led to a cultural backlash. Fear of diversity, immigration, and economic and ecological crises has thus been the trigger for the new conservatism and populism. Everything produced by globalization has been considered decadent and immoral compared to a great and glorious past. The fortunes of the new populist parties in this sense are based on a traditionalist ideology that is not new at all, however. This article shows from a historical perspective how the idea of a threatening future found in the contemporary populist right is a radical conservative tendency that recurs throughout human history. In the article, an attempt will be made to define the culture and psychology of this conservative rejection of the future. Finally, possible solutions will be described in order to imagine a positive idea of the future.

Inclusion as Social Justice. A research project in Italian middle schools

In an atmosphere of growing racism, xenophobia, intolerance and fear of diversity, schools, too, are faced with serious challenges. Taking—from a non-neutral perspective—the educational achievement of students of migrant origin as a parameter by which to evaluate the effectiveness of learning paths, we find that huge problems remain in our school system, which require the education system to be given the explicit function of a social equalizer. Through a Grounded Theory critique—part of a complex mixed-method study—the processes of (non-)success of students from migrant backgrounds are analysed, with the aim of developing a theoretical model for planning learning paths that work for all students. The research involved—through ethnographic observation, interviews and questionnaires—principals, teachers and students from five middle schools in the provinces of Trento and Turin. The multidimensional model which emerges demonstrates the importance of collective action which involves multiple links between schools, the political arena and the territory, following in the footsteps of both Lorenzo Milani and Paulo Freire.

MP11: Emergency physician attitudes on opioid use disorder and barriers to providing buprenorphine/naloxone

Introduction: Buprenorphine/naloxone (buprenorphine) has proven to be a life-saving intervention amidst the ongoing opioid epidemic in Canada. Research has shown benefits to initiating buprenorphine from the emergency department (ED) including improved treatment retention, systemic health care savings and fewer drug-related visits to the ED. Despite this, there has been little to no uptake of this evidence-based practice in our department. This qualitative study aimed to determine the local barriers and potential solutions to initiating buprenorphine in the ED and gain an understanding of physician attitudes and behaviours regarding harm reduction care and opioid use disorder management. Methods: ED physicians at a midsize Atlantic hospital were recruited by convenience sampling to participate in semi-structured privately conducted interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and de-identified transcripts were uploaded to NVivo 12 plus for concept driven and inductive coding and a hierarchy of open, axial and selective coding was employed. Transcripts were independently reviewed by a local qualitative research expert and themes were compared for similarity to limit bias. Interview saturation was reached after 7 interviews. Results: Emergent themes included a narrow scope of harm reduction care that primarily focused on abstinence-based therapies and a multitude of biases including feelings of deception, fear of diversion, feeling buprenorphine induction was too time consuming for the ED and differentiating patients with opioid use disorder from ‘medically ill’ patients. Several barriers and proposed solutions to initiating buprenorphine from the ED were elicited including lack of training and need for formal education, poor familiarity with buprenorphine, the need for an algorithm and community bridge program and formal supports such as an addictions consult team for the ED. Conclusion: This study elicited several opportunities for improved care for patients with addictions presenting to our ED. Future education will focus on harm reduction care, specifically strategies for managing patients desiring to continue to use substances. Education will focus on addressing the multitude of biases elicited and dispelling common myths. A locally informed buprenorphine pathway will be developed. In future, this study may be used to advocate for improved formal supports for our department including an addictions consult team.

Use of and barriers to access to opioid analgesics: a worldwide, regional, and national study.

Despite opioid analgesics being essential for pain relief, use has been inadequate in many countries. We aim to provide up-to-date worldwide, regional, and national data for changes in opioid analgesic use, and to analyse the relation of impediments to use of these medicines. We calculated defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) per million inhabitants per day of opioid analgesics worldwide and for regions and countries from 2001 to 2013, and we used generalised estimating equation analysis to assess longitudinal change in use. We compared use data against the prevalence of some health disorders needing opioid use. We surveyed 214 countries or territories about impediments to availability of these medicines, and used regression analyses to establish the strength of associations between impediments and use. The S-DDD of opioid analgesic use more than doubled worldwide between 2001-03 and 2011-13, from 1417 S-DDD (95% CI -732 to 3565; totalling about 3.01 billion defined daily doses per annum) to 3027 S-DDD (-1162 to 7215; totalling about 7.35 billion defined daily doses per annum). Substantial increases occurred in North America (16,046 S-DDD [95% CI 4032-28,061] to 31,453 S-DDD [8121-54,785]), western and central Europe (3079 S-DDD [1274-4883] to 9320 S-DDD [3969-14,672]), and Oceania (2275 S-DDD [763-3787] to 9136 S-DDD [2508-15,765]). Countries in other regions have shown no substantial increase in use. Impediments to use included an absence of training and awareness in medical professionals, fear of dependence, restricted financial resources, issues in sourcing, cultural attitudes, fear of diversion, international trade controls, and onerous regulation. Higher number of impediments reported was significantly associated with lower use (unadjusted incidence rate ratio 0.39 [95% CI 0.29-0.52]; p<0.0001), but not when adjusted for gross domestic product and human development index (0.91 [0.73-1.14]; p=0.4271). Use of opioid analgesics has increased, but remains low in Africa, Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, and eastern and southeastern Europe. Identified impediments to use urgently need to be addressed by governments and international agencies. International Narcotics Control Board, UN.

Innovative practice: exploring acculturation theory to advance rehabilitation from pediatric to adult “cultures” of care

Introduction: This perspective paper explores the application of acculturation and the inherent concepts and ideas associated with this theory in rehabilitation to provide a framework for interpreting patient circumstances, responses and behaviours as they move from one culture to the next. Traditionally acculturation theory has been use to examine changes in culture in an ethnic or country sense, however, this paper is among the first to apply acculturation theory to the rehabilitation service cultures from pediatric to adult care for youth with chronic health conditions. Purpose: The objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) to critically appraise key literature in the development of acculturation theory, (2) to discuss how acculturation theory can be applied in rehabilitation practice through a clinical vignette, and finally (3) to discuss how acculturation theory can advance rehabilitation by enhancing client-centered practice. Implications for rehabilitation: Acculturation theory can provide insight into how patients are experiencing a change in health care “cultures”, in the context of their overarching life circumstances. This, coming from a broader societal perspective can in turn inform an optimal approach to client-centered practice, and the application of rehabilitation-specific team inputs. This theoretical framework can heighten practitioners’ awareness of patients’ unique worldviews related to their expectations for care and treatment thus reducing fear of diversity to establish positive partnerships between patients and clinicians. Conclusions: An understanding of patients’ acculturation processes will add new insight into how we can best deliver services and supports to optimise health, opportunities and experiences for youth with chronic conditions.Implications for RehabilitationThe integration of acculturation theory and inherent concepts can provide a reassuring framework upon which to rely in interpreting patient circumstances, responses and behaviours when moving from one culture to the next.Cultural intelligence will reduce fear of diversity and establish positive partnerships between patients and clinicians.Acculturation can become a natural worldview for health systems practitioners when integrated into clinical practice frameworks.

Sig selv at døde – Subjektet i Henrik Ibsens Brand (1866) og Peer Gynt (1867)

Peer Gynt is usually considered to be Brand in negative, a modern subject without kernel and coherence in contrast to Brand’s God-given substantial identity. Treating the two dramatic poems as a diptych the present essay takes the two men to struggle with the same predicament. The first driven by a misunderstood longing for wholeness, the second by fear of diversity, they represent opposed reactions to modernity. Brand has to lose his confidence and monolithic will, while Peer has to realize the emptiness of his lust and vanity. To be a self is neither to be the passive tool of Law and conventions nor the sovereign author of one’s own actions, it is to engage in imaginative anticipation, a leap that may as well end in madness. In both plays the protagonists actually attain the position of autonomous subject, though they do not live to realize it in practical life. This may be due to an inherent paradox of human existence, or it may be a way to expose the subject as the ‘interface’ of the individual’s old life, and the new one, the disjunction of ‘no longer’ and ‘not yet’. In this sense Ibsen’s plays all end unresolved as an appeal to the spectators’ liberty.

Freedom from Pain—A Mirage or a Possibility?

The incidence of cancer increases exponentially with age and a large number of cancer patients are the older members of society. In many developing and some developed countries, the disease is usually detected at a stage when it is too late for aggressive anticancer therapy to have the desired effect. Most cancer patients suffer moderate to severe pain during the terminal phase of the disease. This pain is unpredictable and produces fear and anxiety in patients and family members. Morphine is the gold standard analgesic to control this pain, but its availability is restricted. The fear of diversion of morphine for non-medical uses has led to severe control on its availability. Studies have shown that diversion of medical morphine is not really an issue. This paper describes attempts to increase morphine availability through the courts in India. The courts have issued directives to improve the availability of the drug, yet 97% of Indian patients have very poor access to the drug. There is a need to improve access to pain-free end-of-life care. In the absence of morphine, physicians lack experience in its use. They need to be educated to provide for their patients a pain-free life. Patients and their families need to be educated that cancer need not end in a painful death. It is not adequate to be able to manage cancer alone; one needs to free the society from fear of cancer.

Multicultural teacher education for the 21st century

This article explains several reasons why multicultural preservice teacher education is important and suggests some ways it can be better accomplished. The authors make a strong case for teacher education programs to be more deliberate about preparing European Americans to teach ethnically diverse students of color. They argue that this explicit professional preparation is needed because of the increasing racial, cultural, and linguistic divide between teachers (predominately European American) and K–12 students (increasingly from ethnic groups of color). Two other factors underscore the need for more multicultural teacher education: the fear of diversity and the resistance to dealing with race and racism frequently expressed by students enrolled in teacher education programs. To overcome these problems and better prepare preservice teachers to work effectively with ethnically diverse students the authors suggest a two‐part program of professional development.

Fatal Attraction: “Willful Liberalism” and the Denial of Public Transparency

Liberals often seek to ground public rules and institutions in values and beliefs that can make sense to all citizens despite their ethical diffeences. For Richard Flathman, however, this search for political “tranparency” is rooted in excessive fear of diversity and excessive optimism regarding our capacity to rationally resolve the difficulties created by liguistic and ethical opacity. He treats the result as not only philosophically incoherent, but also politically dangerous in promoting needless and unjustifiable restraints on individual purposiveness. He seeks to counter such problems with a “willful” liberalism that celebrates ethical opacity and promotes the widest possible diversity of self-making. This essay argues that, despite its many charms, “willful” liberalism suffers certain internal flaws. Specifically, Flathman's meta-ethical voluntarism works to undermine not only his commitment to equal freedom, but also the very goal of adventuresome self-making at the heart of his normative ideal.

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought

This wide-ranging book locates the origin of political science in the everyday world of ancient Greek life, thought, and culture. Arlene Saxonhouse contends that the Greeks, confronted by the puzzling diversity of the physical world, sought a force that would unify, constrain, and explain it. This drive toward unity did more than value the mind over the senses: it led the Greeks to play down the very real complexities-particularly regarding women, the family, and sexuality-in both their political and personal lives. Saxonhouse opens up fresh understandings of such issues as the Greeks' fear of the feminine and their attempts to ignore the demands that gender, reproduction, and the family inevitably make on the individual.

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought.Arlene W. Saxonhouse

<i>Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought.</i>Arlene W. Saxonhouse

Fear of Diversity

Fear of Diversity

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought. By Arlene W. Saxonhouse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. 253p. $29.95. - Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition.” By Charles Taylor. With Commentary by Amy Gutmann, editor, Steven C. Rockefeller, Michael Walzer, Susan Wolf. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. 112p. $14.95.

Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought. By Arlene W. Saxonhouse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. 253p. $29.95. - Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition.” By Charles Taylor. With Commentary by Amy Gutmann, editor, Steven C. Rockefeller, Michael Walzer, Susan Wolf. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. 112p. $14.95.

Aristotle and Diversity - Arlene W. Saxonhouse: Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. xiv, 253. $29.95.)

Aristotle and Diversity - Arlene W. Saxonhouse: Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. xiv, 253. $29.95.)