Fear Of Commitment Research Articles

Pornography Use among Lebanese Adults: Association with Loneliness and Fear of Commitment.

(1) Background: Sexuality is a prohibited topic about which knowledge is highly lacking among Arabs compared to Westerners, due to religious restrictions. A majority of people believes that any use of pornography is a toxic conduct that will have negative repercussions; these beliefs only shame those who engage in this behavior. Consumption of pornography can be attributed to self-reported reasons such as loneliness and fear of commitment. To date, there has been a dearth of research in Lebanon concerning pornography use. Hence, this study aims to assess the correlation between loneliness, fear of commitment, and internet pornography use among Lebanese adults. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between October and November 2020 assessed pornography use through the Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory, Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Fear of commitment scale. It enrolled 653 adults from all Lebanese geographic areas. (3) Results: Women compared to men and Muslims compared to Christians were significantly associated with lower pornography addictive patterns scores, whereas more fear of commitment was significantly associated with higher pornography addictive patterns scores. More fear of commitment and more loneliness were significantly associated with higher having guilt regarding online porn use scores. Muslims compared to Christians had significantly lower online sexual behaviors scores. (4) Conclusions: Further research is recommended to properly assess internet pornography use and develop appropriate treatment options.

Fear of commitment: Weak institutions, volatile economy, and the prevalence of short-term International capital

This paper shows that weak legal and political institutions and high macroeconomic volatility shorten the maturity of cross-border bank lending. Although these results are confirmed in the previous literature, this paper uses a broader panel data set of 135 countries from 1983 to 2012. Data also suggest new finding that the maturity of international bank credit and per capita GDP are positively correlated. The share of debt incurred by banks shortens the maturity, while the share of debt incurred by governments lengthen the maturity of cross-border credit. Our results are robust after we control for potential endogeneity.

Fear of Commitment

What does it mean to commit? And why are men stereotypically afraid to do it? At some point in the last, say, sixty years, commitment-phobia displaced sexual neurosis as the acceptable euphemism through which men could talk about (or at least be talked about as though they talked about) the obsessive fear of castration that, from Ovid to Freud, took as its sign the phallophagic vagina. Thus, in one of the key contemporary representations of male commitment-phobia, the relationship between Chandler and Janice on Friends, our sympathetic horror derives not from Chandler's having been encompassed by Janice's body but by her postcoital laugh. To surrender, by surrendering to the feminizing procedure of commitment, one's contempt for women; to put oneself in the position where one had no choice but to put up with such a laugh—worse, perhaps, to feel compelled to excuse such a laugh among one's friends: such would be the anxious hypothesis of a heterosexual body magnetized toward feminization, but just as strongly defended from it.

Kafka und Kierkegaard: Meditation über die letzten Dinge by Hideo Nakazawa

Reviewed by: Kafka und Kierkegaard: Meditation über die letzten Dinge by Hideo Nakazawa Traci S. O’Brien Hideo Nakazawa, Kafka und Kierkegaard: Meditation über die letzten Dinge. Munich: Iudicium, 2016. 238 pp. Though Nakazawa’s work sometimes veers off course, he aims to specify Kierkegaard’s influence on Kafka. He promises to analyze Kafka’s challenging stance on Kierkegaard (in the aphorisms of Blue Octavo Notebooks) via Kafka’s rejection of Kierkegaard’s “doppelte Bewegung” in Furcht und Zittern. Nakazawa also promises to decipher references to Kierkegaard in Kafka’s correspondence with Max Brod about their real-life dramas. An analysis of these texts, so Nakazawa, reveals Kafka’s “erstaunliche Umdeutung” of Kierkegaard, [End Page 138] a reinterpretation that is itself closely related to Brod’s philosophy of religion. Nakazawa thus leads his reader through the friends’ philosophical discussion as well as their “menschliche” or indeed “allzumenschliche” dramas. Nakazawa finds fault with most—though not all—Kafka scholars primarily due to their inability to cope with the density of Kafka’s aphoristic language. Others, starting with Brod himself, have been at a complete loss to explain Kierkegaard’s possible influence on the famously enigmatic author. In his introduction, Nakazawa dismisses two recent books on the subject for missing “eine sichere Tatsachenbasis” and for propagating “nur vage Eindrücke” (16). With such comments, he is setting the bar for his own project very high. Nevertheless, Nakazawa makes good on many of his claims. He places Kafka’s initial comments on Kierkegaard in the context of his broken engagement with Felice Bauer, which paralleled Kierkegaard’s relationship with Regine Olson. Nakazawa also notes that Kafka generalized his fear of commitment onto modern western Judaism: Assimilation into Christian society meant a loss of connection to “die letzten Dinge” (17). In fact, the nod in Nakazawa’s subtitle is taken from one of Kafka’s letters to Brod: “Was ich zu tun habe, kann ich nur allein tun. Über die letzten Dinge klar werden. Der Westjude ist darüber nicht klar und hat daher kein Recht zu heiraten” (43). During his stay in the Zürau sanitarium, Kafka was working through such philosophical and religious conundrums, often in response to Kierkegaard’s Furcht und Zittern. Where Nakazawa convinces—which is frequently—he relies on close readings of Kafka’s aphorisms and puts them in reasonable contact with both Kierkegaard (as well as other writers important to Kafka) and the letter exchange with Brod. In chapters three and four particularly, Nakazawa’s conclusions are impressive. He rejects the idea that Kafka was deeply influenced by Kierkegaard and, as promised, pins the disagreement onto Kierkegaard’s use of a “doppelte Bewegung” to explain the paradox of Abraham’s experience: “Kafka denkt, Kierkegaard habe sich in einen logischen Widerspruch verrannt” (64), that is, he explains the unexplainable (and that via the absurd). But Nakazawa extends the argument to dwell on positively stated theological implications. Under the subtitle “Baum der Erkenntnis und Baum des Lebens” (70–73), for example, Nakazawa discusses several “last things”: God, paradise, truth, and knowledge. He concludes his smart reading of these aphorisms by asserting that “Kafka Gott nicht als ‘vom Menschen wesensverscheidene Person’ deutet, sondern einen von ‘Teilung’ oder ‘Lüge’ freien Zustand des Menschen, [End Page 139] den man auch göttliche Seinsdimension des Menschen nennen könnte” (73). This section alone makes the book worth reading. Although it may diverge from his concern with Kierkegaard, chapter four is similarly thought-provoking; Kafka’s concept of “das Unzerstörbare,” born of his intellectual dialogue with Schopenhauer und Tolstoy, is the focus. That “für Kafka das Unzerstörbare etwas Göttliches ist” (92) demonstrates, so Nakazawa, an affinity with Tolstoy. Despite significant overlapping of his argument with Brod’s, namely, that the Kafka of these Zürau aphorisms is not a poet of despair, Nakazawa seems unwilling to let that stand: “Zwischen Kafka und Tolstoi gibt es auch einen unübersehbaren Unterschied, weil er, anders als Tolstoi [ . . . ] des Transzendenten nicht gewiss war” (93). According to Nakazawa, Kafka’s concept of the indestructible necessitated the destruction of self, making life in this world impossible. That he had just deftly uncovered exactly this—the...

Acceptability of lifelong treatment among HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B+) in selected health facilities in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study

BackgroundZimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care (MOHCC) adopted 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) guidelines recommending initiation of HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (PPBW) on lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART) irrespective of clinical stage (Option B+). Option B+ was officially launched in Zimbabwe in November 2013; however the acceptability of life-long ART and its potential uptake among women was not known.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted at selected sites in Harare (urban) and Zvimba (rural) to explore Option B+ acceptability; barriers, and facilitators to ART adherence and service uptake. In-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with PPBW, healthcare providers, and community members. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated; data were coded and analyzed in MaxQDA v10.ResultsForty-three IDIs, 22 FGDs, and five KIIs were conducted. The majority of women accepted lifelong ART. There was however, a fear of commitment to taking lifelong medication because they were afraid of defaulting, especially after cessation of breastfeeding. There was confusion around dosage; and fear of side effects, not having enough food to take drugs, and the lack of opportunities to ask questions in counseling. Participants reported the need for strengthening community sensitization for Option B+. Facilitators included receiving a simplified pill regimen; ability to continue breastfeeding beyond 6 months like HIV-negative women; and partner, community and health worker support. Barriers included distance of health facility, non-disclosure of HIV status, poor male partner support and knowing someone who had negative experience on ART.ConclusionsThis study found that Option B+ is generally accepted among PPBW as a means to strengthen their health and protect their babies. Consistent with previous literature, this study demonstrated the importance of male partner and community support in satisfactory adherence to ART and enhancing counseling techniques. Strengthening community sensitization and male knowledge is critical to encourage women to disclose their HIV status and ensure successful adherence to ART. Targeting and engaging partners of women will remain key determinants to women’s acceptance and adherence on ART under Option B+.

Anti-Gay Propaganda Laws: Time for the European Court of Human Rights to Overcome Her Fear of Commitment

Anti-Gay Propaganda Laws: Time for the European Court of Human Rights to Overcome Her Fear of Commitment

From High Fidelity (1995) to Funny Girl (2014) or What Makes Nick Hornby’s Novels so Popular

From High Fidelity (1995) to Funny Girl (2014) or What Makes Nick Hornby’s Novels so Popular Abstract The common and perhaps the most fascinating characteristic of all Nick Hornby’s novels is that they tackle contemporary problems of ordinary people. As a consequence, the readers will plunge into a world of failed relationships; fear of commitment; depression; lack of emotional stability; teenage anger and imbalance; frustration and obsession; invented maladies, sons or parties; disappointment and self-pity as well as useless single or group therapies. In spite of their dark problematic, Hornby’s novels have enjoyed popularity and continue to exert the sort of fascination that only brilliant literary pieces may produce. From such a point of view, this paper will try to solve the puzzle called Nick Hornby constructing and deconstructing the elements that make up his unique writing style.

No Fear of Commitment: The Role of High-Conviction Active Management

No Fear of Commitment: The Role of High-Conviction Active Management

Narratives of Third Culture Kids: Commitment and Reticence in Social Relationships

The lives of Third Culture Kids (TCKs) are characterized by their experiences of living among different worlds that could isolate them from social interaction and establishing long-term friendships. Exploring the experiences of ten TCKs, this paper reports on primary data gathered through the Collage Life Story Elicitation Technique (CLET) in order to gain an understanding of the meaning making of TCKs and their commitment and reticence in establishing relationships during their developmental years. In-depth thematic analysis indicated a struggle building intimacy and companionships and deep friendships, as well as difficulties with maintaining relationships with others and a possible fear of commitment. Implications for counselling of TCKs and their families are discussed.

No Fear of Commitment: The Role of High-ConvictionActive Management

Although the theory of active management suggests that breadth is the key to a high information ratio (IR) and thus success in active management, high conviction is another route to a high IR and one at which most investment management firms are more likely to succeed. High-conviction active managers are those that develop forecasts for a small number of securities that they are willing to hold in substantial weights. Such “concentrated active” funds deserve serious consideration by investors building broadly diversified portfolios of managers. The authors indicate how one might conduct the fundamental analysis leading to high-conviction portfolios. The principles discussed apply equally to long-only and long–short portfolio structures, although long–short investing involves risks (and thus risk-control disciplines) that long-only managers need not worry about. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fundamental equity analysis, portfolio construction

No Fear of Commitment:The Role of High-Conviction Active Management

No Fear of Commitment:<i>The Role of High-Conviction Active Management</i>

The Architectural Detail and the Fear of Commitment

AbstractMark Burry holds a unique position in architecture, straddling the worlds of practice and academia as Senior Architect to the Temple Sagrada Família in Barcelona and as Professor at RMIT in Melbourne, where he is Founding Director of the RMIT Design Research Institute. In his Counterpoint to this issue of AD, he puts the spotlight back on construction, asking whether the detail could be in danger of falling victim to an inadvertent and ‘massive separation of design from making’. As he states: ‘to detail effectively is to understand not only what the building “is”, but how it will be made’.

Harmony

This is a platforming game about love and relationships. What this means will be conveyed through the rules and constraints of the game itself, as B. Laurel talks about in her article, Dramatic Techniques for Orchestrating Human Response. There are two characters you can switch between, whose genders are up to the player (boy, girl, and neutral). Both characters have to cooperate as a single unit, despite being controlled independently of each other. There is a focus on combat. The enemies will be representative of problems that interfere with the relationship, such as ‘apathy’, ‘distance’, ‘fear of commitment’, ‘career’, and so on.&#x0D; By defeating them, the characters can ‘level up’. By doing so, they become strong enough to handle the constant scaling of difficulty as the game progresses. Importantly, the characters each advance separately. If one character is neglected, then both will. This will make it harder to survive the increasing difficulty of the game. You can never ‘win’. You just go for as long as you can. The rules are unusual, in order to be cause for reflection. The player should come to an interpretation of the game without need of a direct narrative. The character select screen is framed with the sentence, ‘I am a ____ seeking a____’, reminiscent of a dating site. This clues the player in on the relationship between the characters, without need of an intro.&#x0D; The rules will be unusual, in order to be cause for reflection. The player should come to an interpretation of the game without need of a direct narrative. The character select screen is framed with the sentence, ‘I am a ____ seeking a ____’, reminiscent of a dating site. This clues the player in on the relationship between the characters. The game will not say exactly what it means, beyond a few hints (enemy names, introduction screen, etc.). This is to put emphasis on the player’s engagement, and to get them thinking. By reminding the player of their own possible relationships, and helping to bring them to their own conclusions, it can create a different kind of meaning for them than if it was just stated directly.&#x0D; The game does not say exactly what it means, beyond a few hints (enemy names, introduction screen, etc.). This is to put emphasis on the player’s engagement, and get them thinking. By reminding the player of their own possible relationships, and helping to bring them to their own conclusions, it can create a different kind of meaning for them than if it was just stated directly. The idea that user and program ‘cooperate’, applied to a form of literary interpretation rather than simply interactivity, is the focus of this game. Not just working with the program to find out what you can do with it – working with it to find out what it ‘means’. The reason we chose relationships was because it is such a nuanced and personal subject, and more importantly, a lot of it defies language. The point of this game was to express something that defies expression. It’s an experiment to see just what this sort of thing can convey.

No Fear of Commitment: Children’s Incremental Interpretation in English and Japanese Wh-Questions

Much work on child sentence processing has demonstrated that children are able to use various linguistic cues to incrementally resolve temporary syntactic ambiguities, but they fail to use syntactic or interpretability cues that arrive later in the sentence. The present study explores whether children incrementally resolve filler-gap dependencies, using Japanese and English ambiguous wh-questions of the form Where did Lizzie tell someone that she was gonna catch butterflies?, in which one could answer either the telling location (main clause interpretation) or the butterfly-catching location (embedded clause interpretation). Three story-based experiments demonstrate two novel findings on children’s incremental interpretation of filler-gap dependencies. First, we observe that English-speaking adults and children generally prefer the main clause interpretation, whereas Japanese adults and children both prefer the embedded clause interpretation. As the linear order of main clause and embedded clause predicates differs between English (main first, embedded second) and Japanese (embedded first, main second), the results indicate that adults and children actively associate the wh-phrase with the first predicate in the sentence. Second, Japanese children were unable to inhibit their embedded clause interpretation bias when the sentence was manipulated to syntactically block such analyses. The failure to inhibit the preferred interpretation suggests that the wh-phrase was incrementally associated with the embedded clause. On the other hand, when the sentence was manipulated to semantically block a plausible interpretation for the embedded clause wh-association, children were able to overcome their strong embedded clause interpretation bias and favored the main clause interpretation. These findings suggest that syntactic and interpretability cues may have distinct impacts on children’s sentence comprehension processes.

Fear of Commitment: The Opposing Causes of Third Party Intervention and Commitment

Scholars of conflict management agree that one must understand why a third party manages a conflict before properly evaluating its impact on conflict resolution (Greig 2005; Svensson 2006). While this research focuses on a dichotomous conceptualization of management, further consideration of third party commitment is necessary before we can evaluate management outcomes. For example, existing scholarship does not differentiate between 'cheap talk' and true commitments to conflict resolution. I attempt to flush out false commitments before evaluating the outcomes of third-party efforts by examining both management occurrence and third party commitment. I argue that a third party’s initial choice to manage a conflict and method of commitment have implications for third party temporal commitment and success. My results further our understanding of management occurrence and outcomes.

T-Regulatory/T-Helper 17: Promiscuous Signals and Fear of Commitment

The insight gained recently on the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells challenges the dogma that expression of canonical transcription factors and production of signature cytokines portray a commitment to a specific lineage and a point of no return. For almost two decades now, the belief has been that naive CD4 T cells, under the guidance of environmental signals, follow a one-way road to evolve as Th1, Th2, Th17 or regulatory T cells (Tregs). The current paper, however, demonstrates a crosstalk between signals and identifies transitory T-cell states whereby a differentiating CD4(+) T cell will express a mixed Th17 and Treg phenotype. Moreover, they were able to successfully reprogram terminally differentiated Tregs into Th17 cells, suggesting that redifferentiation could occur and provides an environmental plasticity to readjust immunity. This suggests that T-cell differentiation does not necessarily follow a one-way road, but that traffic may flow in both directions.

The Relationship of Attachment Variables to Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy and Fear of Commitment

The present study indicated that both attachment bonds and self‐rated attachment style were significantly related to fear of commitment and, to a lesser extent, career decision‐making self‐efficacy. Given previous research showing that fear of commitment is related to career indecisiveness and “floundering,” the possible importance of attention to attachment bonds and styles in career counseling is suggested.

Predicting career indecision: A self-determination theory perspective.

The purpose of this study was to propose and test a model of career indecision based on selfdetermination theory (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985). This model posits that peer and parental styles predicted career indecision through perceived self-efficacy and autonomy. Participants were 834 college students (236 men, 581 women, 17 without gender identification). Results from structural equation modeling provided support for the proposed model and showed that the model was invariant across gender. Discussion centers on the theoretical and practical implications of the results. Career indecision has been a focus of vocational research over the last few decades. It is defined as an inability to make a decision about the vocation one wishes to pursue. Career indecision has been related empirically to various intraindividual constructs. For example, personality traits such as perfectionism, selfconsciousness, fear of commitment (Leong & Chervinko, 1996), and anxiety (Fuqua, Newman, & Seaworth, 1988) were positively associated with career indecision. In contrast, rational decisionmaking style (Mau, 1995), self-efficacy beliefs (Betz & Luzzo, 1996), and level of ego identity (Cohen, Chartrand, & Jowdy, 1995) were negatively related to career indecision. Moreover, research has drawn attention to the interpersonal factors related to career indecision. For instance, positive family and peer interactions (e.g., Felsman & Blustein, 1999; Guerra & Braungart-Rieker, 1999) have been negatively related to career indecision. However, little is known about how intraindividual and interpersonal factors interact to produce career indecision. That is, how do contextual factors such as parents and peers affect career indecision? What psychological processes are involved? A potentially useful theoretical framework for understanding these critical questions in career indecision research is self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000). Specifically, SDT focuses on the social– contextual conditions that facilitate the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological functioning. The purpose of this study was to propose and test a model of career indecision based on SDT. This model posits that interactions with parents and peers predict career indecision through perceived competence and autonomy. The model proposed and tested in this study contributes to the existing vocational literature in three important ways. First, although some research has provided support for the relation between family environment and career indecision, little is known about the processes that may mediate this relation. Second, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have assessed the role of peers in the prediction of career indecision. Testing such a relation is important because some work reveals that peers have an important impact on psychosocial adjustment (Harter, 1999; Hartup & Stevens, 1997; Mounts & Steinberg, 1995). Third, some studies focusing on career indecision are not based on a theoretical framework. In contrast to some of these studies, the proposed model is based on a well-known theoretical framework, which has been the object of considerable research (see Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000; Vallerand, 1997, for literature reviews). We present a brief overview of SDT and evidence in support of the proposed model.

Fear of Commitment in International Bankruptcy

This article discusses the difficult questions of conflict and cooperation among national bankruptcy regimes that arise with the failure of a multinational firm. The firm's failure typically leaves assets and unpaid creditors in several jurisdictions, but no overarching international bankruptcy system exists. Instead, the national bankruptcy laws of several states might plausibly apply to the firm's bankruptcy or particular aspects of the case. Though multinational firm failure has become more and more common, states have made precious little progress in regularizing coordination or cooperation among national bankruptcy systems. Uncoordinated territorial competition is the norm, resulting in complex conflicts of law. Scholars and policymakers alike have demonstrated renewed interest in international bankruptcy cooperation. Among academics, the idea of universalist cooperation has long dominated the debate over international bankruptcy reform. Under universalism, the bankruptcy regime of the debtor's home country would govern worldwide. Home country courts applying home country law would exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction to treat all the debtor's assets and creditors wherever located. Despite the academic preference for universalism, however, no universalist arrangements exist in the world. In this article, Professor Tung explores states' reluctance to commit to universalism. While recent scholarly critique of universalism has focused on its hypothetical efficiency, Professor Tung instead discusses political feasibility constraints, an issue that universalist advocates have largely failed to consider. Professor Tung compares the universalist demand for recognition of foreign bankruptcy proceedings with the more straightforward matter of civil judgment recognition. He relies on existing international judgment recognition arrangements as a rough barometer of states' cooperative inclinations with respect to bankruptcy recognition. Jurisdictional limits in the former area suggest even greater reluctance to accede to the broader deference required under universalism, forecasting dim prospects for its widespread adoption. Professor Tung also discusses particular types of states for which universalism may be particularly unattractive. Finally, Professor Tung raises the question whether universalism is even possible among states that might prefer it. Assuming states exist that find universalism attractive, they might find themselves in a prisoners' dilemma, for which ready solutions may be elusive. Prepared for the symposium on Global Trade Issues in the New Millennium at The George Washington University Law School (September 2000).

The benefits of taking a year out

Joanna Cook explains how her year out in Zimbabwe rekindled her enthusiasm for medicine It was about this time two years ago, when I was an intercalated student, that I began to think that medicine was not for me. I have always been a bit of an idealist and the presence of these doubts perhaps bothered me more than their actual, rather vague, content. Perhaps it was a fear of commitment. I found a leaflet on a university notice board calling for volunteers to work in “youth development” in rural Africa and I made an appointment to see my dean. The medical school was surprisingly sympathetic and I was given permission to defer my entry into the clinical school for one year. This gave me some time to think about my reasons for finishing the course and also the opportunity to broaden my horizons a bit--to go and live and work somewhere with a completely different culture. For one year at least I wouldn't be …