Fear Of Anger Research Articles

EFFECT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN: A REVIEW

Domestic Violence is like a giant and eats the childhood of the children. Children are precious for the development of the nation. But domestic violence leaves the adverse impact on the children. Children are the center point for the parents, but they are forgetting them in own fight. If children are growing up in the environment of domestic violence and then they are live in tension and anxiety and in fear of anger. Thus, the children are victims of child abuse due to emotionally and psychologically broken. Domestic violence affects the lives of many children in Iraq. 23 children were killed in separate cities of Iraq during year 2020, at the hands of their families, as a result of domestic violence that has been prevalence in the country, while about 50 others were admitted to hospitals because of severe beatings that lead to fractures or burns. Baghdad, Diyala and Basra topped the crimes of violence against children. UNICEF condemns all acts of violence against children and call for society to protect them from such behaviors. Also, calls on government authorities in Iraq to strengthen mechanisms to bring perpetrators of such crimes to justice and safeguard the life of the child. Children in Iraq need a safe environment, free of violence and conducive to allow them to develop their full potential, in order to ensure children´s right to privacy and dignity.

The Affective Control Scale: Factor structure and associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed male veterans.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by broad-based difficulties with emotion. However, the extent to which the disorder is associated with fear of particular emotions remains less well understood. The Affective Control Scale (ACS) is a frequently used measure of fear of emotion, but relatively little work has been done to validate this measure, particularly for use in psychiatric research. This study examined the ACS's factor structure and its associations with PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed male veterans. Participants (N = 347) completed online assessments, including the ACS and the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). The data supported a bifactor structure with 1 general fear of emotion factor and 4 specific fear of emotion factors (i.e., fear of anger, fear of positive affect, fear of depressed mood, and fear of anxiety). Fear of emotion was positively associated with all 4 DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters. After controlling for general fear of emotion, fear of particular emotion states was associated with some specific PTSD symptoms. Both general and specific fears of emotion were associated with specific PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed veterans. Despite this, results support the use of a modified ACS total score, capturing general fear of emotion, rather than the subscale scores, capturing fear of specific emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

온라인상 아동･청소년 성착취 피해자 보호를 위한 몇 가지 제언과 과제

This article was conducted as part of a study to come up with measures to protect and support children and adolescents who do not experience criminal damage by communicating safely online. What especially thought about here is that unlike other problems, it is difficult for children and adolescents to ask their parents for help. Because children and adolescents are exposed to online sexual exploitation damage when chatting and photo transmission, which are mainly online activities in the context of children and adolescents'' play culture, are combined with inappropriate sexual conversation or economic consideration. In the case of minor victims, it may be ideal to proceed with the case with the help of a legal representative, but in the process of collecting evidence from the Sunflower Center, which integrates sexual violence, children and adolescents give up or refuse to report the damage. However, if children and adolescents give up reporting and support due to parental reprimand, disappointment, and fear of anger, the perpetrator is likely to try the next crime more boldly without punishment, and the victim will not receive timely and appropriate help, so the pain and damage will continue. It is necessary to discuss ways to prevent such a situation and supplement a gap if not notified to a legal representative, as it may infringe on the rights of child and youth victims by unconditionally notifying the legal representative or requiring parental consent. The guardian agent system examines remedies for infringement of the rights of victims and adolescents, and should not conflict with the rights of victims to be protected in the sexual violence reporting process, and measures to guarantee the rights of victims and adolescents should be widely discussed through discussions on revision of related laws. One of them is the improvement of Article 13 of the National Police Agency''s Criminal Investigation Rules, which requires notification of the progress of the investigation to legal representatives or counselors at victim support institutions, in consideration of decision-making ability. In addition, those in charge of the case, including front-line judicial police officers, need to understand and recognize that informing parents of their reports of sexual violence without the consent of the victim children and adolescents can violate the rights of the victim. Under this awareness, this article first examined the route and damage patterns of children and adolescents induced by online sexual exploitation, and sought ways to improve related laws and systems by pointing out factors that are difficult to respond to and recover from damage, but in particular, it was overlooked in previous studies. In addition, the article was concluded with suggestions on the assignment of coping with and preventing online sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

Efficacy of mindfulness‐based stress reduction on fear of emotions and related cognitive behavioral processes in Chinese University students: A randomized controlled trial

AbstractFear of losing control over one's emotions has gained increased research interest. Mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) has been found to improve emotional disturbance in clinical and nonclinical samples. However, no studies have concurrently examined the direct effects of MBSR on reduced fear of emotions among university students in Chinese culture, as well as its indirect effects on reduced fear of emotions via improvements in the cognitive‐behavioral processes. A total of 106 college students were randomly assigned to MBSR or to a control group. Assignment to the MBSR intervention led to increases in mindfulness and decentering, and decreases in rumination, emotion regulation difficulties, Affective Control Scale (ACS)‐anger, ACS‐depression, ACS‐anxiety, ACS‐positive emotion and total ACS score, as compared to the control group. The reduction of fear of positive emotion was less than that in fear of anger, depression and anxiety. MBSR was effective to reduce the fear of emotions in college students. Moreover, college students in Chinese culture tended to have a more moderate experience of positive emotions. Attention (mindfulness) and thought (decentering and rumination) may be possible cognitive mechanisms for explaining how MBSR may reduce fear of emotions in college students. Our findings provide important information that can be applied to the design of future studies or mental health resources for reducing fear of emotions in university programs.

Terrified of Group Therapy: Investigating Obstacles to Entering or Leading Groups.

Despite substantial evidence that group therapy is effective, many individuals are reluctant to join groups, and clinicians are reluctant to refer patients to them or to lead a group themselves. This article investigates the obstacles to participation in group therapy. It focuses primarily on the deeply personal elements of this hesitation for potential group members, which include social anxiety, fear of anger from other group members, dread of experiencing shame or humiliation, and desire for individual attention. Clinicians, as well, are reluctant to lead groups, because they feel insufficiently trained and may fear the experience of inadequacy, shame, and humiliation. These obstacles to participation are often driven by powerful components of transference and countertransference.

A preliminary test of the therapeutic potential of written exposure with rescripting for generalized anxiety disorder

This experiment tested a novel written exposure intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that consisted of guided rescripting of participants’ worst fear. After describing their worst fear, adults with GAD ( N = 79) were randomly assigned to one of three writing interventions, each consisting of three sessions on consecutive days: (1) standard written exposure (WE), (2) written exposure with rescripting (RWE), and (3) neutral control writing (NC). Measures of symptoms and worry-associated processes were administered at pre- and post-intervention, and at 1-week and 1-month follow-ups. Worry declined significantly in all three conditions. Participants in WE reported significant reductions in fear of anxiety, whereas those in RWE reported significant reductions in fear of anger. Participants in RWE and NC reported a significant decrease in fear of positive emotion. Following RWE, participants perceived their feared scenario as less costly and perceived themselves as better able to cope with it, whereas participants in the WE and NC did not show these changes. Cognitive avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative problem orientation did not change. Findings suggest overall, RWE was not superior to WE, and that more research is needed to assess their therapeutic potential. Strengths and limitations are discussed for the benefit of future research on exposure for GAD.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dentists regarding child physical abuse in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

A large proportion of child physical abuse cases go undocumented and unreported. Dentists can play an important role in identifying and reporting these cases, but little has been reported about this issue in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study were to (1) assess dentists’ knowledge of child physical abuse, (2) assess dentists’ attitudes towards child physical abuse, and (3) assess the behaviors of dentists in identifying and reporting child physical abuse. A cross-sectional survey of pediatric dentists, pediatric dentistry residents, and dental interns practicing at all of the dental schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was conducted using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The participants in current study demonstrated insufficient knowledge of the signs and symptoms of child physical abuse, actions that should be taken in suspected cases, circumstances in which to report such cases, and the legal authorities to which they should be reported. The attitudes of participants towards detecting and reporting cases were generally positive. Only 11% of the participants had suspected a case of child abuse, and only 3% of them reported it. Lack of knowledge about referral procedures and fear of anger from family members were the main causes of underreporting. In conclusion, this study showed that dentists have insufficient knowledge about child physical abuse but positive attitudes towards their role in detecting and reporting it. This topic should be covered and emphasized in dental schools’ curricula, and healthcare and academic institutes must have a clear protocol to be followed if a case of abuse is suspected.

Specific Beliefs about Emotions Are Associated with Different Emotion-Regulation Strategies

Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) with psychopathology, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Coherently with cognitive models, this study tested the hypothesis that specific beliefs about emotions may be associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and the use of different ERS (reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, rumination, avoidant coping, experiential avoidance). Consistently with the role of avoidance in the cognitive model of worry, we sought testing a mediation pattern where negative beliefs about emotions were connected to maladaptive ERS through experiential avoidance. 309 participants filled out an online questionnaire that measured beliefs about emotions, difficulties in emotion-regulation, and the tendency to adopt different ERS. Results showed that negative beliefs and high fear of emotions were associated with the use of specific ERS and avoidance coping. Fear of depressed mood and anxiety was associated with rumination and emotional avoidance, whereas emotion suppression was mainly associated with fear of anger and positive affect. Also, we found that experiential avoidance mediated the association between beliefs about emotion, rumination and emotional avoidance. Results provided evidence about the specific associations between beliefs about emotions and emotion-regulation processes, suggesting that beliefs about emotions may play a role in orienting specific ER styles.

The subscale specificity of the Affective Control Scale: Ecological validity and predictive validity of feared emotions

The Affective Control Scale (ACS) is a widely used measure of fear of emotion. Although the scale as a whole has good utility and predictive validity, there is little work on the specificity of the subscales of the ACS, which measure fear of anxiety, anger, depressed mood and positive mood. In the present study, we investigated the unique relations between fear of specific emotions and the everyday experience of those emotions. We sampled 120 undergraduate students and tracked their emotional experiences over the course of a week using ecological momentary assessments. We found evidence for specificity in the predictive validity of the subscales. After controlling for common variance across the subscales, fear of anger, anxiety, and depressed mood uniquely predicted greater daily experience of the corresponding emotion. These data also support the notion that those who fear specific emotions tend to experience more of those emotions in everyday life.

Fears of Negative Emotions in Relation to Fears of Happiness, Compassion,Alexithymia and Psychopathology in a Depressed Population: A Preliminary Study

Objectives: While fears of negative or aversive emotions are linked to experiential avoidance and psychopathology, recent studies have also focused on the relation between psychopathology and fear of positive emotions. This study explores 1. which negative emotions of anger, anxiety and sadness on most feared and avoided and 2. the links between fears and avoidance of negative emotions, with fears of positive and affiliative emotions, alexithymia, and self-reported depression anxiety and stress. Method: A new scale was developed to measure fears of three negative emotions anxiety anger and sadness. 52 participants suffering from moderate to severe depression completed this measure, along with fear of happiness, fears of compassion, alexithymia and psychopathology. Results: Interestingly fears of negative emotions were not correlated with each other; in other words one can be frightened of one negative emotion but not another. The correlation between the fear of an emotion and the avoidance of that emotion was different for the three negative emotions, with fear of anger being the most strongly linked to its avoidance. Fear of sadness was the only feared ‘negative’ emotion associated with depression. Fear of sadness and fear of anger, but not anxiety also linked to fears of positive emotions and alexithymia. Conclusions: Fears of (so called) negative emotions vary in terms of the degree to which people are fearful of them and avoid them. Importantly it was sadness, a neglected emotion in the studies of emotion avoidance, which accounted for the higher proportion of variance for depression and alexithymia.

The socio-emotional basis of human interaction and communication: How we construct our social world

A review of dimensional research about (the perception of) feelings, non-verbal and verbal communication, behavior and personality reveals in each domain three very similar dimensions. They originated from diverse research areas, often received different names and are conceptually not identical. Yet, the first dimension seems to share in all five areas a general positive versus negative evaluation (e.g. happiness–disgust or friendliness–hostility), the second a strong versus weak characterization (e.g. anger–fear or dominance–submission) and the third dimension an active versus passive impression (e.g. ecstasy–boredom or high–low arousability). These three dimensions are likely to function as fundamental dimensions of interaction and communication as perceived and enacted by humans of all (investigated) cultures. They are interpreted as a universal socio-emotional space that corresponds to an evolutionary need for coordination between individuals. They are implied in the logic of game, exchange or interdependence theory, and manifest themselves in the cultural meanings predicted by affect control theory. The presented overview and reconstruction combines the largely fragmented views of several diverse research domains into a perspective that fosters interdisciplinary understanding and integrative theory-building about human sociality within and between the social sciences with extensions into the natural sciences and humanities.

Who's Responsible for Impaired Doctors?

Who's Responsible for Impaired Doctors?

Face aftereffects suggest interdependent processing of expression and sex and of expression and race

Bruce and Young (1986) proposed that functionally different aspects of faces (e.g., sex, identity, and expression) are processed independently. Although interdependent processing of identity and expression and of identity and sex have been demonstrated previously, evidence for interdependent processing of sex and expression is equivocal. Using a visual adaptation paradigm, we show that expression aftereffects can be simultaneously induced in different directions along anger–fear continua for male and female faces (Experiment 1) and for East Asian and Black African faces (Experiment 2). These findings for sex- and race-contingent expression aftereffects suggest that processing of expression is interdependent with processing of sex and race and are therefore problematic for models of face perception that have emphasized independent processing of functionally different aspects of faces. By contrast, our findings are consistent with models of face processing that propose that invariant physical aspects of faces and changeable social cues can be processed interdependently.

Prenatal care and HIV infection.

Recent use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce vertical transmission of HIV disease in newborns has demonstrated varied, but in some studies, dramatic results, with reports of reduction from approximately 8% to 25%. With this potential of efficacy in saving lives, knowledge of access to prenatal care for HIV-infected pregnant women is urgent. The current study used face-to-face and phone survey methods and employed a 77-item questionnaire to assess barriers to prenatal care in two groups of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women (n = 106). All participants had a child(ren) under 4 years of age and were currently enrolled in a primary care or family HIV clinic. Results showed that HIV-positive women had specific concerns regarding access of perinatal care that included disclosure and fear of anger from health care providers. Barriers such as transportation, insurance and child care, among others, were not predictive of the level of prenatal care received, but results may be biased by the small number of women who had not received adequate care and the general selection process from women who were currently attending clinics. A high level of prenatal care was recorded across both cohorts. Misconceptions about vertical transmission and ZDV efficacy were demonstrated, including that more than 80% of all participants stated there was a greater than 50% chance of a pregnant untreated HIV-positive woman transmitting the virus; the documented transmission rate for untreated birth mothers is 20% to 25%. In addition, HIV-negative women showed little knowledge about vertical transmission and the use of ZDV, putting this group at risk in the future. Better educational methods to more women about perinatal HIV transmission and ADV could be imperative in significantly improving reduction of vertical transmission.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: A behavioral case formulation

The interviewing skills of many behavior therapists are inadequate and several possible reasons are discussed. The present manuscript focuses on construction of initial clinical hypotheses. A strategy for developing and testing initial hypotheses is presented and illustrated by transcripts from a complex case. The transcript is taken from the initial interviews with a 26 year old woman presenting the problems of emotional distress related to thoughts of harming others, and anxiety concerning her difficulty in controlling physical aggression. A behavioral analysis of the origins and maintaining factors indicated that while the patient's compulsions were a vehicle to manage anxiety, the wellspring of her attempts to exert control over her thoughts was a fear of anger, loss of control, negative evaluation, criticism, and rejection. Distal and proximal predisposing events were examined in order to help explain the development of this maladaptive behavioral pattern, and to plan therapeutic strategy.