Fe Doping Level Research Articles

In-situ Fe–O co-doped carbon nitride heterogenous catalyst for enhanced photo-Fenton oxidation performance towards recalcitrant organic pollutants

One-step and in-situ FeCl3-participated molten urea thermal polymerization strategy is designed to prepare Fe–O co-doped carbon nitride photo-Fenton catalyst (Fe/OCN). Fe/OCN exhibits remarkable photo-Fenton catalytic oxidation capacity towards recalcitrant organic pollutants, in which 0.31 wt% Fe/OCN with optimal Fe-doping level exhibits significantly 60 and 6.3 times higher pseudo-first-order kinetic constant than single photocatalysis and Fenton system in the degradation of methyl orange. The enhancement of photo-Fenton catalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the realization of ideal Fe–O and Fe–N coordination structure in the framework of polymeric carbon nitride, which can not only serve as prime sites for the adsorption of target pollutants molecules and transfer channels for directed migration of photogenerated charges, but also well-modulate electronic structure and band structure of Fe/OCN. Accordingly, the resulting boosted charge carriers separation and transfer dynamics and increased electron density around Fe active centers facilitate ≡Fe(II) regeneration and H2O2 activation, leading to the significant production of plentiful reactive species responsible for degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants. The present work provides new insight into the optimized design and precise regulation of carbon nitride-based photo-Fenton system for advanced wastewater treatment.

Fe-Doped SrCoOx FET Sensors for Extreme Alkaline pH Sensing.

The accurate measurement of pH in highly alkaline environments is critical for various industrial applications but remains a complex task. This paper discusses the development of novel Fe-doped SrCoOx-based FET sensors for the detection of extreme alkaline pH levels. Through a comprehensive investigation of the effects of Fe doping on the structure, electrical properties, and sensing performance of SrCoOx, we have identified the optimal doping level that significantly enhances the sensor's performance in highly alkaline conditions. With a Fe doping level of 5 mol %, the sensitivity of the sensor improves to 0.86 lg(Ω)/pH while maintaining the response rate. Further increasing the Fe doping to 10 mol % results in a sensor that demonstrates favorable response time, a suitable pH range, and a linear correlation between lg(R) and pH. The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis provides insight into the regulation mechanisms of Fe doping on the crystal structure, electronic structure, and oxygen vacancy concentration of SrCoOx. Our findings indicate that Fe doping leads to an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration and a decrease in the energy barrier for oxygen ion migration, which contributes to the improved sensing performance of the Fe-doped SrCoOx sensors. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of oxygen vacancy concentration on the electrical properties of SrCoOx. Precise control over the concentration of oxygen vacancies is crucial for optimizing the sensitivity and response speed of SrCoOx FET sensors under extreme alkalinity conditions.

Iron(II)-induced defect luminescence and deconvolution of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic behaviour in Zn(1-x)FexO (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) nanoparticles

Zn(1-x)FexO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and the wurtzite phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The average crystallite size changes from 36 nm to 26 → 23→22 nm as the Fe-doping level varies from 0 to 1% → 3% → 5 % and the lattice strain increases concomitantly. The pristine ZnO NPs exhibit well-defined peak at 370 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra which gets broadened on Fe-doping. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the pristine ZnO NPs shows a dominant excitonic peak at 390 nm. On Fe(II)-doping, new PL peaks at 449, 490 and 525 nm appear that are attributed to Zn-interstitials (Zni), oxygen vacancies (VO) and Zn vacancies (VZn), respectively. For all the Fe-doped ZnO NPs, M vs H plots have a complex non-saturating appearance indicating combination of ferromagnetic (FM) and paramagnetic (PM) behaviors. The subtraction of PM contribution revealed the FM curves with saturation magnetization (Ms). On going from 1% to 5% Fe-doping, the Ms values increase substantially by 39 times (0.00361 → 0.1398 emu/g) whereas the paramagnetic susceptibility, χP, increased 35 times (0.28 × 10−6 → 9.72 × 10−6 emu g−1 Oe−1).

Site preference of the 3[formula omitted] transition metal ions in the Mn[formula omitted]Fe[formula omitted]Nb[formula omitted]O[formula omitted] compounds as revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy

In this paper, we report on structural, magnetic, Mössbauer spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) studies of the Mn4−xFexNb2O9 compounds. Temperature dependent magnetization measurements have shown that the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition temperatures, TN, depend non-linearly on the Fe doping level x, which is different from earlier studies on similar compounds of Mn4−xCoxNb2O9. More interestingly, our Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements have revealed preferential occupation of the 3d transition metal ions, namely, the Fe(Mn) atoms prefer to occupy the highly buckled M-II(relative flat M-I) site, which can be well understood by the band mixing behavior from our DFT calculations. These results are expected to be important for a better understanding of the rich physics of this family of compounds, especially when one concerns the interpretation of experimental results of similar mixing compounds.

Magnetic properties of Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles

Undoped and Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a lyophilization method and systematically characterized through magnetization techniques over a wide temperature range, with varying intensity and frequency of the applied magnetic fields. The Ni1-xFexO nanoparticles can be described by a core-shell model, which reveals that Fe doping enhances exchange interactions in correlation with nanoparticle size reduction. The nanoparticles exhibit a superparamagnetic blocking transition, primarily attributed to their cores, at temperatures ranging from above room temperature to low temperatures, depending on the Fe-doping level and sample synthesis temperature. The nanoparticle shells also exhibit a transition at low temperatures, in this case to a cluster-glass-like state, caused by the dipolar magnetic interactions between the net magnetic moments of the clusters. Their freezing temperature shifts to higher temperatures as the Fe-doping level increases. The existence of an exchange bias interaction was observed, thus validating the core-shell model proposed.

Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe-doped strontium ruthenates

By employing a combined approach of density-functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations, we examine the structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of two distinct strontium ruthenates: Sr2RuO4, an unconventional superconductor, and the correlated metal SrRuO3, both at 50% Fe-doping level. In both Sr2Fe0.5Ru0.5O4 and SrFe0.5Ru0.5O3, the original ruthenium (Ru) and the dopant iron (Fe) atoms adopt 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional G-type structures, respectively. The hybridization between Fe-3d and Ru-4d is comparatively weaker than in other double perovskite systems. The interplay between strong correlations and reduced itinerancy results in significant spin splitting at Fe and Ru sites. Consequently, a charge transfer process, along with the super-exchange effect, leads to antiferromagnetically coupled Fe3+ and Ru5+ ions and establishes a semiconducting ferrimagnetic order. Subsequent DMFT calculations demonstrate the persistence of the ferrimagnetic order even at room temperature (300 K). These findings align with prior reports on SrFe0.5Ru0.5O3, thus reinforcing the notion that 3d–4d transition metal oxides hold considerable promise as candidates for high-performance spintronic devices, such as spin-valve sensors and spintronic giant magnetoresistance devices.

Multifunctional AuAg-doping Prussian Blue-based MOF: Enhanced colorimetric catalytic activities and amplified SERS signals for bacteria discrimination and detection

New strategy of a rapid, sensitive bacteria detection is highly desirable. Constructing a dual-mode colorimetric/surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor is key to obtain highly sensitive discriminating and detecting of different pathogen bacteria with high accuracy. Herein, we developed a multifunctional colorimetric catalytic nanozyme (AuAg@PB MOF) composed of AuAg-doping Prussian Blue analogue-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that fabricated by self-assembled sheet growth of Ag-etched silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) mediated by addition of ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]). AuAg@PB MOF displays ultrahigh peroxidase-mimicking activity, enhanced colorimetric signal brightness, and notably SERS enhancement. Through optimizing its Fe-doping level, peroxidase-like activity of AuAg@PB MOF is approximately 1900-fold higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), while its 3-fold enhancement in SERS signal compared with that of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Integrated with nanozyme-based sandwich system that made of bacteria/4-MPBA (4-mercaptophenylboronic acid)/AuAg@PB MOF, this dual-modal biosensor achieves a highly sensitive colorimetric assay of bacteria with a lower limit of detection (6 CFU/mL), and simultaneously discriminate E. coli and S. aureus by bacterial “fingerprints” spectra. Furthermore, this proposed colorimetric assay was combined with a smartphone readout-sensing platform for determining bacteria with ultra-sensitivity (2 CFU/mL). This work exhibits a novel colorimetric nanozyme used in dual-mode colorimetric/SERS sensing of bacteria.

Phase, Crystal Structure, and Thermoelectric Performance of Cubic Skinnerite Cu3Sb1-yFeyS3 Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying

Skinnerite (Cu3SbS3) has recently attracted attention as a promising thermoelectric material because of its low thermal conductivity. In this study, we performed the solid-state synthesis of Fe-doped skinnerite Cu3Sb1-yFeyS3 (y = 0.02−0.06) using mechanical alloying and hot pressing, and examined the samples’ thermoelectric properties relative to Fe doping content. All samples contained only a cubic skinnerite phase, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction. As the Fe content increased, the lattice constant decreased from 1.03370 to 1.03310 nm, indicating successful substitution of Fe at the Sb sites. The carrier concentration increased with the Fe doping level, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. The specimens with y = 0.02− 0.04 exhibited non-degenerate semiconductor behavior, where the electrical conductivity increased as the temperature increased. In contrast, a specimen with y = 0.06 changed conduction behavior to the degenerate state with minimal temperature dependence. As the Fe content increased, the Seebeck coefficient decreased, and Cu3Sb0.98Fe0.02S3 exhibited a maximum power factor of 1.16 mWm-1K-2 at 623 K. Thermal conductivity values for all specimens were lower than 1.20 Wm-1K-1 in the measured temperature range but were higher than undoped skinnerite. The highest thermoelectric performance was achieved by the Cu3Sb0.98Fe0.02S3 specimen, with a dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, of 0.9 obtained at 623 K.

Surface modulated Fe doping of β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for highly promoted oxygen evolution electrocatalysis

AbstractActive yet low‐cost electrocatalysts for water oxidation are crucial for the development of hydrogen energy economy. The Fe doping into Ni(OH)2 dramatically enhances catalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but fabricating Ni(OH)2 of high Fe loading is still challenging. Herein, we report a one‐pot strategy to prepare disordered β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with a high Fe doping level (9.9 at%, D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2). By engaging 1,4‐phenylenediphosphonic acid (BDPA), FexBDPAy precursors are in situ generated in a growth solution containing Fe3+ ions, which decrease the reaction kinetics of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions at the surface of Ni foam. This prevents the deconstructive hydrolysis by Fe3+ ions and enables a high Fe‐doping in D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2. The as‐prepared D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2 affords 10 mA cm−2 at an ultralow OER overpotential of 194 mV in alkaline media. This work offers a promising strategy of engaging organic ligands to achieve high‐doping levels for the construction of efficient electrocatalysts.image

Studies on electrical properties of Fe doped ZnO nanostructured oxides synthesized by sol–gel method

We report the results of the studies on electrical properties of Zn1–xFexO (x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) nanoparticles synthesized using sol–gel method. X–ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirms the presence of extra phase of ZnFe2O4 in all the samples which gets enhanced with increase in Fe concentration. Surface morphological studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggest the reduction in grain size with increase in Fe doping level in ZnO. All the dielectric parameters show dispersion nature and dielectric constant has been found to increase with Fe content. The obtained dielectric behavior has been understood on the basis of Maxwell–Wagner (M − W) mechanism and Koop's theory. Frequency dependent electrical conductivity has been understood on the basis of Jonscher's universal power law that suggests a conduction of charge carrier through correlated barrier hopping (CBH) mechanism. Impedance spectroscopy measurements have been explained on the basis of crystal cores and crystal boundary density. Grain boundary contribution in conduction mechanism is identified by fitting equivalent circuit model on cole–cole plots. Temperature and magnetic field dependent variation in electrical properties of studied samples has been understood on the basis of structure–property correlations.

Fe–nitrogen–doped carbon with dual active sites for efficient degradation of aromatic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate activation

Fenton-like catalysis has received much attention as the promising technology for organic pollutant degradation, whereas it suffers from low atomic utilization, poor catalysts durability and difficult after-treatment to hamper the catalytic oxidation activity. Herein, a Fe– and nitrogen-codoped carbon (Fe–N–C) originated from nanocellulose-based hydrochar, nitrogen source, and iron salt precursor was developed for improved PMS activation and identification of exclusive role of each species. The catalyst formed with interconnected bamboo-shaped 3D tubular structures and high Fe-doping level (up to ~9.0 wt%) not only realized excellent efficiencies in oxidative degradation of various aromatic pollutants, but was also endowed with high durability and stability toward PMS activation. Compared with that of the control catalysts only comprising either C–N network or supported Fe nanoparticles (Fe–C) with FeIV–oxo complex sites, the co-existent active sites of Fe–N configuration and atomic Fe cluster in Fe–N–C could simultaneously improve the graphitization degree, and act as a “support” for constructing the stable structure. It is likely that the coordinated Fe–N formed with annealing process is devoted to decompose PMS by radical generation for pollutants degradation via a radical oxidation process; while the enhanced C–N bonded with graphitic N contribute to produce 1O2 through the nonradical processes interacted with PMS. This Fe–N–C/PMS-coupled process provided a designed strategy to construct the highly active and stable metal-nitrogen-codoped hydrothermal carbons, and deepened insights on structure-activity-stability relationship for persulfate-based environmental remediation.

Defects mediated enhanced catalytic and humidity sensing performance in ceria nanorods

The content of defects and manipulation of oxygen vacancies in ceria (CeO2) nanomaterials through doping have been widely used as effective strategies to rationally control its reactivity for diverse applications. In this work, a facile and simple fabrication method of CeO2 nanorod crystals is demonstrated where; defects content and oxygen vacancies were tailored by doping with transition metal (Iron, Fe) ions. The effect of Fe-doping level (Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 and %, Ce0.9Fe0.1O2) on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ceria nanorods was explored in detail. Undoped and Fe-doped CeO2 nanorods were further explored for their use in photocatalytic activity and humidity sensing applications. The results revealed superior photocatalytic activity of Ce0.9Fe0.1O2 by showing about 90% degradation of organic dye within 80 min of reaction time. Further, the same sample demonstrated excellent humidity sensing capabilities with faster response (~19 s) and recovery rate (~ 49 s) at 100% humidity conditions than other investigated samples. This work presents a systematic study on the fluencies of Fe doping in CeO2 nanorod crystals to better understand the role of oxygen vacancies for tailoring their structural and optical properties for proficient environmental and sensing applications.

Surface, structural and optical properties dependence of Fe-doped TiO2 films deposited onto soda–lime–glass

In this study, pure and Fe doped TiO2 thin films have been prepared via sol-gel method using the tetraethyl-orthotitanate as source of Ti and Fe(III) nitrate as a source of Fe3+ doping. XRD patterns exhibit typical peaks of TiO2 anatase phase. SEM observations confirm the nanometer grain size (below 10 nm) without a defined shape. Optical measurements indicate a transparency in the range 80–100%, it increases with Fe doping level while the energy band gap slightly decreases; 3.36 – 3.28 eV. Wettability test shows a super-hydrophilicity of Fe3+ doped TiO2 thin films and the low contact angle is founded for 0.6%Fe. However, no enhancement in photocatalytic activity of Fe doped TiO2 thin films have been achieved. This may be attributed to sodium diffusion from the substrate. The as-prepared nanostructured Fe-doped TiO2 thin films can be used as potential candidate for self-cleaning due to the super-hydrophilicity character in the visible light.

Unraveling the nature of Fe-doping mediated inter- and intra-chain interactions in Ca3Co2O6

The structural and magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) spin-chain compounds Ca3Co2-xFexO6 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) synthesized by a sol-gel method have been systematically studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), dc and ac magnetization measurements. The samples adopt a rhombohedral crystal structure with the space group R-3c in a temperature range of 5–100 K. Fe ions are found to locate at the trigonal prism Co2 crystallographic sites. Fe doping converts some of low-spin Co3+ ions at Co1 octahedral sites into Co2+ ions. For the high-temperature paramagnetic phase, the Curie paramagnetic temperature θp changes its sign from positive to negative at x = 0.2, implying that the dominant magnetic interaction is driven from ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) upon Fe substitution. A partial low-spin to high-spin state crossover of the Co1 ions is observed at high Fe-doping level x = 0.3. All the samples exhibit a long-range spin-density wave (SDW) AFM ordering below TN, followed by a spin-glass-like transition at Tf. These low-temperature magnetic phases were significantly suppressed upon Fe doping. The Fe substitution in Ca3Co2-xFexO6 weakened both intrachain and interchain magnetic interactions, caused by enhanced magnetic disorder due to the different magnetic characters of Ising Co and Heisenberg Fe spins.

Dependence of Fe Doping and Milling on TiO2 Phase Transformation: Optical and Magnetic Studies

Five weight percent of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via ball milling route. The effect of both doping and milling on the evolution of structure and microstructure alongside with optical and magnetic properties was investigated. XRD analysis revealed the coexistence of all TiO2 phases, namely anatase, brookite, and rutile with a signature of Fe cluster; meanwhile, the phase ratio changed with milling time and the dissolution of Fe dopant within TiO2 lattice. The crystallite size varies in the range of 26–44 nm with a minimum value achieved for 10 h of milling. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups belonging to TiO2 phase. The agglomeration of Fe/TiO2 nanopowders into large clusters was observed. Raman analysis showed a variation in peak positions and broadening as function of milling time and subsequently Fe doping level. UV–Vis spectroscopy manifested an increase in the absorption accompanied with a red shift and a decrease in the band gap energy from 2.57 to 2.28 eV. A strong ferromagnetic behavior was achieved, where the saturation magnetization was found to increase considerably in the range 18.1–40.15 emu/g. The appearance of ferromagnetism was associated with the dissolution of Fe with strong magnetic moment within TiO2 host lattice as well as the presence of Fe metal for longer milling.

The particle size-dependent optical band gap and magnetic properties of Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles

Fe-doped CeO2 (0%–0.08%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The nanoparticles have been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV–Vis spectrometer and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. XRD data exhibited the cubic zincblende type structure for Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles was found to decrease from 20 nm (0%) to 14 nm (8%) with increasing Fe concentration which is confirmed by TEM micrographs. The optical absorption spectra of the nanoparticles show the blue-shift of the wavelength of absorption maximum from 550.2 nm to 336.4 nm with increasing Fe concentration owing to decreasing in particle size. The energy band gap was found to increase slightly with increasing the Fe doping level which was attributed to the decrease in the particle size with Fe content originated from quantum confinement effect. The doped Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles revealed room temperature ferromagnetism.

Single, co-doping and triple doping Fe element in the ZnO crystal matrices

Fe element settlement in the ZnO matrices has been investigated through prepared single doped, co-doped with Mg and triple doped with Mg and Cu by a systematic x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements as well as the structural and morphological analysis through x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements. Also, effects of different solutions, nitrate and chlorate, on the Fe doping has been studied. XRD measurements have exhibited that crystal quality of the thin films deteriorates as the Fe doping level increases. On the other hand, Fe co-doped and triple doped with Mg and Mg + Cu has converted the dominant crystal plane direction from (002) to (101) and (100), respectively. Single Fe doped ZnO thin films has shown the smoothest and uniform thin film surfaces while co-doped and the triple doped thin films has displayed overgrown surface morphology with 3D morphology. The XPS has been used to investigate the chemical environment of the Fe in the ZnO lattice and Fe element has been found to be in the Fe3+ state. Two signals have been observed at g ∼ 2.0 and g ∼ 4.3 which are attributed an electron trapped into oxygen vacancy and isolated Fe3+. As the concentration of Fe doping increases, the intensity of g ∼ 2.0 signal intensity increases significantly, while the g ∼ 4.3 signal intensity increases slowly. Temperature dependence of EPR signals in terms of intensity, linewidth and g-factor been investigated.

Red shift of absorption spectra of metal-doped TiO2 coatings

The effect of metal elements doping (Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Cr) on the shift of the absorption spectra of the titanium dioxide composite coatings was studied experimentally. It is shown that the most significant effect on the red shift of the absorption spectra (up to 470 nm) is observed for Fe-TiO2 coatings with Fe doping level up to 20 at. %. Fe-TiO2 and Ni-TiO2 coatings with doping levels of 15 at. % also have an extended absorption in the visible region (410÷420 nm).

Mechanistic roles of substitutional Fe dopants on catalytic acetylene-sensing process of flame-made SnO2 nanoparticles

In this work, flame-spray-made Fe-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were comprehensively investigated for acetylene (C2H2) detection and the roles of Fe dopants on sensing mechanisms were explored. The sensing material properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray absorption/photoemission spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. The structural characterizations confirmed that the nanoparticles had a tetragonal nanocrystalline SnO2 phase and Fe3+ dopant species formed a solid solution with SnO2 lattice. The sensors were measured towards 0.15–3 vol% C2H2 in dry air at various working temperatures (200–350 °C). Gas-sensing data demonstrated that the optimal Fe doping level of 0.1 wt% led to a substantially enhanced response of 748.7 toward 3 vol% C2H2 with a decent response time of 2.5 s at the optimal working temperature of 300 °C. Furthermore, the optimal SnO2 sensor demonstrated high C2H2 selectivity against C2H5OH, NO2, H2, NH3, CO2, NO, H2S, CH4, C2H4O, C2H4 and N2O. Additional detailed analyses suggested that Fe3+ species played catalytic roles for enhancing C2H2 dissociation and oxidation. Thus, the Fe-doped SnO2 sensors were highly promising for selective and sensitive detections of acetylene in industrial applications.

Photocatalytic, antibacterial, optical and magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO nano-particles prepared by sol-gel

Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles with varying Fe concentrations 1–17% were fabricated by sol-gel route. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) study established Fe doping and incorporation of Fe in ZnO lattice. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the synthesized nano-particles were poly-crystalline with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. No impurity or iron compound peak was foud. The band gap of the synthesized nano-particles was observed to increase with the increase of Fe percentage and hence displayed a blue shift but the band gap of Fe doped ZnO is lesser than the band gap of undoped ZnO. Magnetic study assured a ferromagnetic trend for all the synthesized nano-particles due to Fe doping in ZnO. The effects of Fe percentage on the antibacterial efficiency against two different bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were probed. The antibacterial efficiency was best for 14 and 17 at% of the Fe doping level. Photocatalytic activity was determined by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in ethanol solution under sunlight. ZnO with 1% Fe showed the better photo- catalytic property.