Fe-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Structural analysis of green synthesized Fe doped TiO2 nanocomposites and their application to wastewater remediation

Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through green synthesis route for wastewater remediation application. Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were further characterised through various techniques like XRD, SEM, and EDS. The XRD patterns indicate pure anatase phase with space group I 41/a m d through the Rietveld refinement. The average crystalline size of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles decreases with the increment in the concentration of doping. The high agglomeration of pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles is observed through SEM. EDS analysis conforms the presence of Fe, Ti, and O elements in the nanoparticles. The photo catalytic activities of pure and Fe-doped TiO2 under ultraviolet (UV) light with different concentration were investigated. The dissolved oxygen in the water increases with the increment of Fe doping and time of exposer of UV light.

Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Fe Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Fe Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Improvement of heat resistance in silicone rubber by Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared via flame spray pyrolysis

In recent years, the development of heat-resistant silicone rubber has been a research hotspot. In this paper, a kind of Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Fe-TiO2) was prepared via flame spray pyrolysis, which can significantly improve the high temperature resistance of silicone rubber. The results show that, on the one hand, the prepared Fe-TiO2 can inhibit the breakage of Si-O main chain; on the other hand, because Fe is doped into the lattice of TiO2, it causes the change of TiO2 crystal phase and produces more oxygen vacancies, which is more beneficial to capture free radicals in silicone rubber matrix, so that Fe-TiO2 can effectively inhibit the excessive cross-linking of silicone chain caused by methyl oxidation on the side of silicone rubber. TGA results showed that after adding Fe-TiO2, the 5 % thermal weight loss temperature of methyl vinyl silicone rubber increased from 392.8 °C to 435.6 °C.

Oxygen vacancy boosting Fenton reaction in bone scaffold towards fighting bacterial infection

Bacterial infection is a major issue after artificial bone transplantation due to the absence of antibacterial function of bone scaffold, which seriously causes the transplant failure and even amputation in severe cases. In this study, oxygen vacancy (OV) defects Fe-doped TiO2 (OV-FeTiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by nano TiO2 and Fe3O4 via high-energy ball milling, which was then incorporated into polycaprolactone/polyglycolic acid (PCLGA) biodegradable polymer matrix to construct composite bone scaffold with good antibacterial activities by selective laser sintering. The results indicated that OV defects were introduced into the core/shell-structured OV-FeTiO2 nanoparticles through multiple welding and breaking during the high-energy ball milling, which facilitated the adsorption of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the bacterial infection microenvironment at the bone transplant site. The accumulated H2O2 could amplify the Fenton reaction efficiency to induce more hydroxyl radicals (·OH), thereby resulting in more bacterial deaths through ·OH-mediated oxidative damage. This antibacterial strategy had more effective broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, the PCLGA/OV-FeTiO2 scaffold possessed mechanical properties that match those of human cancellous bone and good biocompatibility including cell attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FE DOPED TIO2 NANOPARTICLES USING LAWSONIA INERMIS LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AS REDUCTANT FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY

Recently, the improvement and advancement in synthesizing nanoparticles via eco-friendly technique have been intensively explored since the used conventional physical and chemical methods always associated to the intensive energy usage and toxic waste pollution Therefore, nanoparticles synthesized from green route technique has initiate an interest among researchers due to its clean and eco-friendliness approach. In this study, the Fe doped TiO2 were synthesized using lawsonia inermis aqueous leaf extracts that act as reducing agent as well as capping and stabilizing agent. The green synthesized powder was then calcined and characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR and UV-Vis while photocatalytic activity was evaluated based on photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB). The new obtained green calcined powder was found to have a crystalline phase (anatase structure) with crystallite size, 6.79 nm identified by XRD. The FESEM test shows the average particle size of the green synthesized calcined Fe doped TiO2 is in the range of 54.5 nm with capping agent (phyto-constituents) authorized by FTIR spectra. From EDX analysis, Fe ions was successfully incorporated into TiO2 compound during synthesis process confirmed by the presence of Fe element. It was observed that the band gap energy for green calcined Fe doped TiO2 is approximately 2.66 eV. The green synthesized calcined Fe doped TiO2 sample presented the highest photocatalytic activity efficiency under uv light irradiation for 3 hour which is 92.2% with only 7.8% of MB remained, this value is slightly higher than that of commercial P25 powder which is 90.7%. In conclusion, the green synthesis technique of using lawsonia inermis as natural resources as reduction agent was able to produce nanoparticles Fe doped TiO2. Moreover, the properties of Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles has strong potential to be used as a photocatalyst since this sustainable green synthesis technique able to produce better nanoparticles properties as compared to conventional synthesis.

Highly effective Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for removal of toxic organic dyes under visible light illumination

This article addresses the synthesis of Fe3+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles with variations of molar concentrations of Fe3+ and their adequate use as potential photocatalysts for Photocatalysis applications. Synthesized photocatalysts were characterized thoroughly by different analytical techniques in terms of morphological, chemical, structural, crystalline, optical, electronic structure, surface area etc properties. The occurrence of red shift phenomenon of the energy band gap attributes to the transfer of charges and transition between the d electrons of dopant and conduction band (CB) or valence band (VB) of TiO2. The doping of Fe3+ ions generates more trap sites for charge carriers with the surface trap sites. Thorough experimental conclusions revealed that the Fe3+ ions necessarily regulate the catalytic property of TiO2 nanomaterial. The obtained total degradation efficiency rate of Methylene Blue (MB) was 93.3% in the presence of 0.1 M Fe3+ in the host material and for Malachite Green Oxalate the efficiency was 100% in the presence of 0.05 M and 0.1 M Fe3+in the host material. In both the cases the total visible light irradiation time was 90 min. The adsorption properties of the photocatalysts have been also performed in a dark for 90 min in the presence of MB dye. However, till now there are hardly reported photocatalysts which shows complete degradation of these toxic organic dyes by visible light driven photocatalysis. of potential values of valence and conduction band shows the production of active oxidizing species for hydrogen yield and the possible mechanism of the Schottky barrier has been proposed. A schematic diagram of visible light driven Photocatalysis has been pictured showing degradation activity of Fe3+-TiO2 catalysts sample.

A green process for the synthesis of porous TiO2 from ilmenite ore using molten salt alkali decomposition for photocatalytic applications

A new eco-friendly process for the synthesis of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using ilmenite feedstocks has been investigated.

Fe-doping induced surface Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle and activated redox-inert TiO2 for enhanced Hg(II) electrochemical sensing: An efficient strategy to strengthen the redox activity

Recently, Fe-based metal oxide with a variable-valence ability (i.e., the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle) can participate in the redox of target heavy metal ions (HMIs) and enhance the electrochemical signal, which have attracted significant attention. However, it has not yet been proved whether iron-based metal oxides with variable-valence ability can activate the variable valence behavior of inert metal oxides (i.e., TiO2) and enable them to participate in the redox of target HMIs. Herein, we develop an efficient Fe-doped strategy to activate TiO2 nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of Hg(II). TiO2 nanoparticles with the 5% Fe-doped content (FT5) possess the best detection sensitivity of 400.63 μA μM−1 cm−2 for Hg(II), which is dramatically higher than that of pure TiO2. The synergistic effects of enhanced adsorption by OVs and promoted redox activity by surface Fe2+/Fe3+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ cycle help FT5 to obtain an excellent electrochemical detection performance of Hg(II). In detail, Fe doping tune the concentration of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2 nanoparticles, which contributes to improving the adsorption ability of Hg(II). The exposed OVs on the surface of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles form numerous hydroxyl groups (-OH) in water, and the hydroxyl groups can bond with Hg(II), tremendously accelerating the capture of Hg(II). Upon successfully obtaining OVs, the Ti3+ species are created in TiO2, achieving the activation of TiO2. Moreover, it is found that large amount surface Fe2+/Fe3+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ cycle on FT5 can accelerated the redox of Hg(II) and then favor to electrochemical detection performance. This study emphasizes that doping transition metal elements with variable valence states can control OVs concentration and successfully activate inert metal oxides.

Structural, Optical, and Arsenic Removal Properties of Sol-Gel Synthesized Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles.

Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, BET, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show a dependence between the crystallite size and the amount of dopant, which decreases from 13.02 to 12.81 nm. The same behavior was observed in the optical properties, where the band gap decreased from 3.2 to 2.86 eV. The arsenic (V) adsorption was tested in aqueous solution containing 5 mg/L of arsenic and 0.5 g/L of adsorbent at pH 7 and in dark conditions. The results indicate that the TiO2-B sample shows a higher arsenic removal, reaching 88% arsenic removal from the water at pH 7. Thus, it is also shown that the best performance occurs at pH 5, where it reaches an arsenic removal of 94%. Ion competition studies show that arsenic removal capacity is slightly affected by chloride, carbonate, nitrate, and sulfate ions. According to the results, the synthesized samples are a promising material for treating arsenic-contaminated water.

Synthesis and Characterization of N and Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for 2,4-Dimethylaniline Mineralization.

The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of developing low-cost N- and Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalysts for investigating the mineralization of 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA). With a single anatase phase, the photocatalysts showed high thermal stability with mass losses of less than 2%. The predominant oxidative state is Ti4+, but there is presence of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies. In materials with N, doping was interstitial in the NH3/NH4+ form and for doping with Fe, there was a presence of Fe-Ti bonds (indicating substitutional occupations). With an improved band gap energy from 3.16 eV to 2.82 eV the photoactivity of the photocatalysts was validated with an 18 W UVA lamp (340–415 nm) with a flux of 8.23 × 10−6 Einstein s−1. With a size of only 14.45 nm and a surface area of 84.73 m2 g−1, the photocatalyst doped with 0.0125% Fe mineralized 92% of the 2,4-DMA in just 180 min. While the 3% N photocatalyst with 12.27 nm had similar performance at only 360 min. Factors such as high surface area, mesoporous structure and improved Ebg, and absence of Fe peak in XPS analysis indicate that doping with 0.0125% Fe caused a modification in TiO2 structure.

Investigation of Morphological, Elemental, Structural, and Optical Properties of Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles

In this research, Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel technique followed by annealing at 450 oC in a vacuum. The effects of Fe-doping on the morphological, elemental, structural and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles have been investigated. XRD analysis was performed to examine the structural properties of synthesized pure TiO2 nanoparticles and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Surface analysis was done using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Optical properties were determined using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Morphological analysis revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles have a spherical shape. EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD patterns showed that diffraction peaks can be attributed to TiO2 with the anatase phase.

Weak-visible-light-driven Fe doped TiO2 photocatalyst prepared by coprecipitation method and degradation of methyl orange

Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method under calcination temperatures between 200 °C and 400 °C with different Fe doping concentration from 0 to 1.8 at.%. The crystal structure, morphology, optical properties, energy band gap (Eg) and photocatalytic performance of synthesized nanoparticles were calculated and characterized by first-principles calculations, XRD, TG-DSC, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, TEM, SAED, XPS, UV–Vis and PL spectroscopy. Results showed that Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles had pure anatase structure with spherical morphology of 4–12 nm in crystallite size which increased with calcination temperatures. The Eg of Fe doped TiO2 was decreased from 3.07 eV to 2.71 eV by the increase of Fe doping concentration. The maximum degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) was as high as 46.3% for Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at 300 °C with Fe doping concentration of 0.3 at.% under 15 W visible light irradiation.

Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Carmine dye and NO2 removal by Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles

A simple sol-gel method was employed to synthesize Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles with a controlled mole percentage of Fe. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several standard analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of pure and Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles confirm the anatase phase, which is further confirmed by Raman analysis. The change in the morphology and structural modification of the material by doping concentration of Fe in TiO2 is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images and FTIR study respectively. The size and shape of nanoparticles were determined by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The energy bandgap and recombination rate of charge carriers were studied by Optical absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements respectively. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanoparticles was investigated through degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye under visible light illumination. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measurement was done to determine the degree of mineralization of IC-dye on photodegradation. In addition, the Photocatalytic performance of FeT_2 photocatalyst for nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2) removal was evaluated under visible light irradiation and found to be very effective for NO2 removal.

Anti-microbial and methylene blue dye adsorption properties of cotton fabrics modified with TiO2, Fe, Ag-doped TiO2, and graphene oxide nanomaterials

Nanoparticle materials have received increasing attention in the functional modification of textiles. In this work, pure TiO2, Ag-doped TiO2, Fe-doped TiO2, and graphene oxide nanoparticles were used to impart the anti-bacterial and adsorptive properties of nanoparticles to cotton fabric. The treated fabric materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained treated fabrics were used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The functionalized cotton fabrics were tested for their anti-microbial capability against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. All the functionalized fabrics have higher anti-microbial activity compared to untreated cotton, especially the fabrics containing silver and Fe-doped TiO2. The optimum conditions of the adsorption process are determined via the study of the effect of the initial concentration of dye, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms are applied for the equilibrium adsorption data. GO-Cot and Ag-Ti@GO-Cot samples showed the highest adsorption removal activity. The linear correlation coefficient ( R2) showed that the Temkin model well fitted the data of adsorption in the GO-Cot sample. The analysis of experimental data with different kinetic models showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fitted the adsorption data better than the other kinetic models of the pseudo-first-order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion.

Liquid impregnation and sol-gel routes synthesis of tailored titania NPs for the effective water remediation processes

This work is designed for the synthesis of TiO2 and Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using sol-gel (SG) and liquid impregnation (LI) methods. The comparison of physicochemical characters, the photocatalytic potential of pure and doped NPs, and cost analysis of the techniques were evaluated. The prepared NPs were characterized through XRD, BET/BJH, SEM, UV-Vis DRS, and pH of the point of zero charges (pH PZC ) analyses. The results have shown the dominant anatase phase of highly pure crystalline NPs. The SG prepared pure and Fe doped TiO2 NPs revealed with high surface area (242 and 245 m2/g, respectively) as compared to the materials prepared via LI technique (57.5 and 82 m2/g, respectively). The photocatalytic potential of the prepared NPs was tested for cationic dye (Methylene Blue) and anionic dye (Methyl Orange) under ordinary visible light (Compact Fluorescent Light). The green route synthesis i.e. LI doped NPs, revealed high photo-degradation efficiencies for Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange (87 and 84%) compared to SG prepared doped NPs (76 and 70%), respectively.

A practical method for incorporation of Fe (III) in Titania matrix for photocatalytic applications

The unprecedented catalytic role of Iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) has been explored in a top-down technique for the synthesis and Iron (III) doping of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). In the experimental procedure, the chosen 1:1 ratio of Fe (NO3)3·9H2O and TiO2 bulk powder is allowed to work hydrothermally in top-down synthesis and Fe-doping of (TiO2) nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows the particle structure or morphology of the Fe-doped TiO2-NPs. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study the composition and iron-content at the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern has several peaks for α-Fe2O3 corresponds to Iron doping in the synthesized nanoparticles of (TiO2). The current technique provides a practical method for maximum yield and high quality of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for its potential photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications in modern technologies.

Photocatalytic ozonation of municipal wastewater for degradation of phenol using Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles: optimization using RSM

Photocatalytic ozonation of municipal wastewater for degradation of phenol using Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles: optimization using RSM

Synthesis and material characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles doped with iron (Fe)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with iron (Fe) atom are investigated using X-Ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and photocatalysts measurements. Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles with different concentration of iron were formed using the conventional co-precipitation technique from two different chemical solutions. The precursors of TiO2 were prepared using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) of 50 ml, and iron trichloride (FeCl3) was used as a dopant source. X-ray diffraction results show that diffraction pattern have two phases structures anatase and rutile phase structures where the intensity of the rutile structures are superior to that the anatase phase intensities. The results from FESEM micrograph indicate that the agglomerations were taken place, forming into clusters. Irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) with varying the time from 30 minutes to 120 minutes to the Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using methylene blue shows that the absorption intensity reduces as time irradiation increased. The results indicate that the TiO2 nanoparticles doped with iron are suitable as photocatalysts.

Peroxy titanium complex derived Fe-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties and antibacterial activity

The synthesis of Fe3+-TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) derived from peroxytitanium complex carried out using hydrothermal method. Pure TiO2 and Fe3+ doped TiO2 powders were characterized to study their structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction patterns shows crystalline pure anatase TiO2 and crystallite size decreases from 10.17 to 8.25 nm with addition of Fe3+ ion. FE-SEM micrographs reveal well diffused aggregates with nanograin morphology. The efficiency of antibacterial activity against E. coli was studied under different physicochemical parameters. The antibacterial activity varies with concentration of Fe3+ in TiO2 matrix against E. coli bacteria. The antibacterial activity was increased with increasing Fe3+ content in TiO2 NPs and the highest antibacterial activity was observed for 2.15 wt.% Fe3+-TiO2.

Synthesis and Application of Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of 2,4-D from Aqueous Solution

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) is a toxic herbicide used to control weeds in agricultural sector. However, its residuals in soil and water are harmful for human and aquatic life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D from aqueous solution using the Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of UV and sunlight irradiation. The nanoparticles were synthesized via a mild hydrothermal process. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The effects of different parameters, including pH, nanoparticle dosage, initial 2,4-D concentration and dopant percentage on the degradation of 2,4-D, were investigated. The results demonstrated that the successfully doped nanoparticles had likely pseudo-spherical morphology. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D obtained at pH 7, nanoparticle dosage = 0.4 g/l, initial 2,4-D concentration = 10 mg/l, dopant percentage = 1.5% and contact time = 120 min. Under the optimal conditions, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 2,4-D under UV and sunlight irradiation were 65 and 72%, respectively. In addition, the findings showed that 2,4-D degradation efficiency increased with increasing dosage of nanoparticles, while it decreased with increasing initial concentration of 2,4-D and initial pH. Therefore, the Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles could be used for the photodegradation of 2,4-D, and it is recommended for the degradation of other organic pollutants from aqueous media especially in tropical areas where a free energy source, i.e., sunlight, is available.