FDI Exports Research Articles

Research on Import and Export Trade Based on China's FDI to Central Asian Countries

Based on China’s FDI and import and export trade data with Central Asian countries from 2011 to 2019, this article studies whether and how China’s investment in Central Asian countries affects import and export trade. The analysis methods of this article include descriptive statistics and empirical analysis, which are used to describe the relationship and trend of China’s FDI to Central Asian countries and import and export trade. In the empirical analysis, this paper chooses the panel data linear regression model. Through regression analysis of FDI-import and FDI-export, we test the impact of China’s FDI changes in Central Asian countries on import and export trade. The research results show that China’s FDI to Central Asian countries has a significant trade promotion effect on import and export trade, and the growth of China’s FDI to Central Asian countries will effectively drive the growth of import and export trade. China’s FDI in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has a strong trade creation effect. China’s FDI in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has a strong trade substitution effect. China should strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Central Asian countries and expand the scale of FDI. Each country should reduce trade barriers, expand investment fields, and provide favorable policy support for expanding the scale of FDI.

U.S. in the global FDI’ flows: repatriation of foreign earning by U.S. from EU members as the new global trend

Scientific investigation covers the questions of U.S.’ involvedness into the international economic relations and into the international trade of goods and services and international movement of FDI as well. The fact that USA is the larger importer and the second exporter of goods in the world (2018), and the largest exporter and importer of commercial services (2018), the biggest host economy of FDI, and the largest investor (till 2017) the investigation of the American investment cooperation is the rather important affair, that can show the tough dependence of U.S.’ economy of foreign countries investments flows and regimes. In accordance with UNCTAD data U.S. is holding the first place as the exporter of FDI during the long period till 2018, that showed the negative number of FDI outflow in 2018 as the result of tax reform’ implementation at the end of 2017. Implementation of open and tough foreign trade policy (the policy of protectionism) through the import tariffs increasing is aimed at trade deficit reduction, protection and support of the American producers, implementation of tax reform at the end of 2017, making come true the soundbites of D. Trump “Make America Great Again” and “America first”. The author analyzed investment cooperation of U.S. and EU, its dynamic, specialization, directions. The author came to conclusion that correlation of United States’ investment indicators with European Union showed an unequal evaluation of each Union’ member and determined the disproportion of understanding and examination of regional integration not as the complex subject of the global economy but as the set of different and independent subjects. Investigation of U.S.’ FDI export and import statistics gave the author opportunity to come the conclusion that there is the specific of U.S.’ investment outflow into the European Union countries reflected through the limited set of investment recipients. At the same time, implementation of the tax reforms at the end of 2017 could lead to the changing of global investment flows from low tax jurisdictions to USA, for example.

An Assessment Of Sino-Africa Trade Co-Operation And Its Impact In Africa (A Case Of Sub-Sahara African Economies)

Over three decades ago, China has become a major economic partner of Sub-Sahara Africa region with an expansion of the Sino-African Trade volumes evident by the presence of various Chinese projects in SSA, especially the one implemented by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Trade supported by quite a lot of State-owned Banks with a strategic focused on bilateral relationships with the African governments. However, the trade relation between China and Africa has remarkably displayed an amount of diversity across the Countries within the SSA region over time, and for different kinds of trade. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the determinant of the Sino-Sub Sahara AfricaTrade relation and evaluate the impact of Chinese trading activities in Sub-Sahara African economies. The research paper selected twenty-four (24) Sub-Sahara African Countries including six (6) from each region respectively and adopt three (3) empirical models for data analyses. Firstly, a simple Augmented-Growth Model was adopted for Analysis employing a time series dimension in the data for the period 1995 to 2013 (18 years) using a panel data approach to predict Trade with China determined by three (3) factors: Access to local markets, securing natural resources, and political considerations reflecting the three strategic challenges facing China highlighted by Brautigam (2009): The thirst to discover new export markets to enhance the expansion of domestic production; The need to find more resources abroad in meeting the demand of rapid economic growth and the necessity for allies among developing countries to compensate the prevalence of developed countries such as; the IMF and the UN. Secondly, the study also used an empirical model for explaining Chinese FDI export to Africa adopting a panel data and a time series data to investigate the effect of its imports from Africa and for explaining China‘s imports from Africa during the period under review.

Sino-Africa economic and Chinese foreign direct investment in Africa on bilateral trade relations

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Sino-Africa economic and Chinese FDI on Africa trade relations. China’s phenomenal economic growth rate has made the country rise to world leadership status, causing many analysts to ponder over its regional and international intentions and goals. Its investment is paying off now mainly in oil and other raw materials imports and manufactured goods. We used a panel data to analyze Chinese FDI exports to Africa, and a time series data to investigate the effect of its imports from Africa. The study shows that Chinese FDI in Africa has contributed significantly to increase Chinese exports to Africa as well as imports from Africa. It means that Chinese DI in Africa is an important factor for explaining the growth of the bilateral trade. The research found also that per capita income and annual percentage growth of domestic product of China have a positive effect on its import. China might experience significant backlash from other world powers due to its involvement in African affairs. This paper aims to highlight the tight rope which Africa and China have to balance in their new found relationship to keep it on a win-win situation. Key words: Economic development, Sino-Africa, trade, FDI, growth.

China Inward FDI and Chinese Exports to High-Income Countries (HICs): A Historical Perspective Based on Bibliometric Method

PR China is capturing FDI mainly from the overseas Chinese territories and from High-Income Countries (HICs); this last group is also the most important Chinese export-market. Adopting an inductive methodology, based on the bibliometric method, our purpose is the understanding of which were the determinants that led to attract inward FDI and, later, to increase exports from PR China to HICs. Taking into account the time frame 1980–2010, 367 different publications were collected. Using the ISI Web of Science and the HistCite Software 10 research papers were the basis for a bibliometric diagram (LCS > or equal to 5). From this diagram was possible to extract two main streams: economic reforms toward an inward FDI attraction and world exports leadership; and inward FDI—mainly from HICs—led to an increasing value of the exports basket. A third issue emerged also, not as a stream, but as an important conclusion based on the Gilboy (2004) paper, published on Foreign Affairs: foreign companies dominate high-tech industries and a lion’s part of Chinese industrial exports. PR China has reached the world exporting ranking leadership based on economic reforms, focused on the attraction of FDI export driven, which had on companies from HICs a major contribution.