Fax Survey Research Articles

Vaginal injuries after consensual sexual intercourse — a survey among office-based gynecologists in Hamburg, Germany

Studies on the occurrence of injuries following consensual sexual intercourse (CSI) among patients treated by office-based gynecologists are lacking. This survey aimed to assess the presence and medical relevance of vaginal injuries after CSI in gynecological office-based practice, associated risk factors, and their significance for forensic medical assessment practice. All office-based gynecologists in Hamburg, Germany (n = 316), were asked to fill in a one-page questionnaire via a fax survey. The questionnaire covered various aspects such as having observed CSI-related injuries, injury severity, risk factors, and concomitant factors (bleeding, need for surgical care, hospitalization). Response rate was 43.2% (n = 115). Overall, 83.5% of office-based gynecologists reported having observed vaginal injuries after CSI at least once and 59.1% repeatedly. Regarding maximum injury severity, 52.1% observed mucosal erosions, 32.3% mucosa penetrating injuries, and 14.6% injuries penetrating the vagina. Having observed bleeding was reported by 56.3%, 28.1% had to perform surgical suture care, and hospital admission was initiated by 20.8%. Menopause (37.5%), use of objects (19.8%), alcohol, and/or drug use (16.7%) were reported as the most frequently observed associated risk factors. Vaginal injuries after CSI have been observed by the majority of office-based gynecologists in Hamburg involving a wide spectrum of severity, including the necessity of surgical care and hospital admission. Complementing published work in clinical and emergency medicine, these findings are highly relevant to the forensic evaluation of injuries in an allegation of sexual assault, as the severity of a vaginal injury in this setting does not necessarily support a conclusion on the issue of consent.

Provision and related factors of end-of-life care in elderly housing with care services in collaboration with home-visiting nurse agencies: a nationwide survey

BackgroundJapan has the largest population of older adults in the world; it is only growing as life expectancy increases worldwide. As such, solutions to potential obstacles must be studied to maintain healthy, productive lives for older adults. In 2011, the Japanese government has started a policy to increase “Elderly Housing with Care Services (EHCS)”, which is one of a private rental housing, as a place where safe and secure end-of-life care can be provided. The government expect for them to provide end-of-life care by collaborating with the Home-Visit Nursing Agencies (HVNA). The purpose of this study is to clarify the situation of the end-of-life care provision in EHCS in collaboration with HVNA and to examine the factors that associate with the provision of the end-of-life care in EHCS.MethodsA two-stage nationwide survey (fax and mail surveys) were conducted. Of the 5,172 HVNA of the National Association for Visiting Nurse Services members, members from 359 agencies visited EHCS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with the provision of end-of-life care to EHCS in 2017 as the dependent variable, and the following as independent variables: characteristics of HVNA and EHCS; characteristics of residents; collaborations between HVNA and EHCS; and the reasons for starting home-visit nursing.ResultsOf the 342 HVNA who responded to the collaborations with EHCS, 21.6% provided end-of-life care. The following factors were significantly associated with the provision of end-of-life care to inmates in elderly care facilities: being affiliated with a HVNA, admitting many residents using long-term care insurance, collaborating with each other for more than three years, and started visiting-nurse services after being requested by a resident’s physician.ConclusionsThis study clarified the situation of the provision of end-of-life care in EHCS in collaboration with HVNA and the related factors that help in providing end-of-life care in EHCS.

USE OF TELEHEALTH (TH) IN A PEDIATRIC AMBULATORY SETTING: A PATIENT SURVEY

USE OF TELEHEALTH (TH) IN A PEDIATRIC AMBULATORY SETTING: A PATIENT SURVEY

Protocol for determining primary healthcare practice characteristics, models of practice and patient accessibility using an exploratory census survey with linkage to administrative data in Nova Scotia, Canada

IntroductionThere is little evidence on how primary care providers (PCPs) model their practices in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, what services they offer or what accessibility is like for the average...

Fax Survey to Elucidate the Information Needs of General Practitioners in Lower Saxony Regarding the Topic of Medical Implants

Background: Medial implants help a multitude of patients to gain more health, mobility and thus, quality of life. In collaboration with a still growing expectation of life especially, i.e., within Western industrial countries, this has led to an increasing use of implants over the last years. However, although biomechanical characteristics of modern implant materials have improved considerably, one big challenge still exists - the implant-associated infection. Early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions could clearly mitigate this issue, but are general practitioners sufficiently informed regarding this topic? Material and Methods: In March 2013 and in close cooperation with the Lower Saxony association of general practitioners, we initiated a survey to elucidate the information demands of general practitioners regarding the topic of medical implants. A total of 939 members of the association were contacted via fax and 101 (10.8 %) responded. Based on the obtained data, we then evaluated which topics are most interesting for this group of medical professionals. Results: The survey clearly indicates that general practitioners request more general implant-related data, e.g., type and specification of an implant as well as its location within the individual patient and contact addresses of the implanting hospital, but also want more specific information regarding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the case of implant-associated complications. Conclusion: The present article reports in detail on the conducted fax survey and shows some initial strategies as to how the identified challenges might be faced.

Comparison of four survey methods to enroll radiologic technologists in South Korea

Background:Various survey methods apply for data collection in epidemiological researches. Since each method has both weakness and strength, it is important to identify appropriate method for region, subjects, and period- specific methods. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare four survey methods in the radiologic technologists’ cohort in South Korea. Methods:We have conducted the self-administered questionnaire survey through postal, on-site visits, fax and web-based methods. We evaluated response quality and cost-effectiveness for four methods of survey administration, and compared response rates by hospital size among subjects recruited by postal survey. Results:We have enrolled a total of 10,531 radiologic technologists working in South Korea in 2012. The postal survey (52.9%) has occupied the highest response method, followed by the web (27.4%), fax (10.7%), and on-site (9.0%). The response quality, which was evaluated by the item completeness, was the highest in web-based survey (?97.5%) and the lowest in on-site survey (41.9%). The fax survey was the most cost-effective method ($0.45 per subject), followed by on-site survey ($0.57), and web-based survey ($2.89) was the most expensive. The postal survey was with an average of 6.4 days to respond. The response rate was significantly increased with hospital size among postal survey. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the postal survey is better than other types of survey methods in terms of accessibility, data quality and cost-effectiveness for enrolment of radiologic technologists in South Korea.

Egg banking in the United States: current status of commercially available cryopreserved oocytes

To estimate the current availability of donor cryopreserved oocytes and to describe the emerging phenomenon of commercial egg banks (CEBs) in the United States. Cross-sectional survey of CEBs. E-mail, telephone, and fax survey of all CEB scientific directors, conducted April2012. None. None. Number and location of CEBs in the United States, years in existence, number of donors, number of available oocytes, level of donor anonymity, donor screening, cost of oocytes to recipients, freezing/thawing technique, pregnancy statistics. Seven CEBs were identified and surveyed (response rate: 100%). The CEBs used three distinct operational models, had been in existence for a median of 2 years (range: 1 to 8 years), with a median 21.5 (range: 6 to 100) donors and 120 (range: 20 to 1,000) currently available oocytes. The median recommended minimum number of eggs to obtain was six (range: four to seven), at an estimated mean cost per oocyte of $2,225 (range: $1,500 to $2,500). An estimated 3,130 oocytes from 294 donors are currently stored for future use. Of these CEBs, 6 (86%) of 7 use vitrification as cryopreservation method. To date, 8,780 frozen donor oocytes from CEBs have been used for invitro fertilization, resulting in 602 pregnancies. Pregnancy rates per oocyte, available for 5 (71%) of 7 CEBs, were 532 (7.5%) of 7,080 for CEBs using vitrification and 70 (10%) of 700 for the single CEB using slow freezing as cryopreservation method. Frozen donor eggs are currently widely available in the United States. Three different operational models are currently used, resulting in more than 600 pregnancies from oocytes obtained at CEBs. The majority of CEBs use vitrification as cryopreservation technique.

Research on Cost and Benefit in Production Enterprises under the Regulation of Food Quality Safety Market Admittance System

Frequent occurrence of various food safety incidences raised questions among all circles about the validity of food quality safety market admittance system. Therefore, exploring the validity of the system and finding out the mentality of its scientific development is a problem to solve. From the perspective of cost and benefit in food production enterprises, a questionnaire survey was administrated in certain city and statistical analysis was applied to results in the article. The authors summarized the characteristics, effects and problems in the implementation of the system and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the basis. Food quality safety market admittance system (QS admittance system) is an important administrative license system that the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine implements in order to improve the level of food safety, which means a supervision system that only producers who the conditions stipulated are permitted to produce and operate foods, including food production license system, food compulsory inspection system and food market admittance system. Since the system was implemented in 2002, it has played an important role in the aspects including regulating food market order, guaranteeing food safety and ensuring customers' health and safety, but various food safety incidences still happen frequently. Therefore, exploring the effects and validity of the implementation of the system and finding out the mentality of its scientific development is a problem to solve. From the perspective of public management, after the implementation of food quality safety market admittance system, the benefit main body involved by the system—government, enterprises and customers will play games. In the mode of market economy, the equilibrium of the game should be that the system not only realizes the public safety of food, but under its regulation enterprises can obtain sustainable development capacity. Therefore, the research carried out a questionnaire survey from the perspective of cost-benefit of market admittance in food production enterprises so as to understand the impetus and difficulty of the implement of the system in enterprises and provide evidences for its optimization. The research was conducted based on full sample questionnaire survey through telephone, fax and detention questionnaire survey in447 food production enterprises which had obtained food production permit over one year in certain city, and 188 effective samples were collected. Among food enterprises staff surveyed, legal representative accounted for 15.79%, unit responsible persons accounted for 11.84%, quality responsible persons accounted for 44.74% and other staff accounted for 27.63%; Among corporate economy surveyed, state-owned assets accounted for 6.82%, private assets (including individuals) accounted for 29.55%, collective assets accounted for 2.27%, assets which belong to limited liability company accounted for 38.64%, assets which belong to stock limited company accounted for 2.27%, enterprises funded by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan accounted for 1.14%, enterprises funded by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan respectively accounted for 11.36%, enterprises invested by foreigners wholly, or jointly with China, or foreigners accounted for 2.27% respectively. Data collection process is in charge of special program group, by means of interviewer management, program training, supervision, ensuring scientific and liable data source. 2. Cost-benefit survey in food production enterprises under admittance system

Prevalence of access block in Australia 2004–2008

Access block is the inability of ED patients requiring admission to access appropriate inpatient beds in a timely fashion, defined in Australasia as more than 8 h in the ED. The present study describes changes in prevalence of access block in Australia over a 4 year period. Email, telephone and fax survey of ED on six Mondays at 10.00 hours (31 May, 30 August 2004, 18 June, 3 September 2007, 2 June, 2 September 2008). Data collected included point data on the status of patients in the ED at the index time and of recent ED attendance numbers. Results were collated and analysed by state and hospital role delineation. Forty-eight (60%) of 80 eligible ED answered all six surveys. Presentations to the ED the day before rose 15% (P < 0.0001, paired t-test) in 4 years, and nationally access block patients in the ED rose an average of 27%, and patients waiting to be seen by a doctor 31%. There were differences between states, with hospitals in New South Wales reporting a significant reduction in access block patients (-51%, P= 0.0002), but all other states a significant increase (+45%, P= 0.001). There were differences by role delineation, with non-paediatric major referral hospitals experiencing the greatest access block, but smaller hospitals experiencing the greatest increase in patients waiting. Around one-third of all patients receiving care in these ED surveys were experiencing access block. There is evidence that flow through New South Wales ED has improved. The data suggest that most hospitals have passed the point of efficiency.

The Practice of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica: A White Paper or a Black Mark?

The medical specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) has had a proven impact on persons with disability and on health care systems. Documents such as The White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe have been important in defining the scope of practice within various regions. However, on some continents, the practice has not been well defined. To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica. Medline searches, membership data searches, fax survey of medical schools, Internet searches, and interviews with experts. The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government. However both Antarctica and subSaharan Africa have no PM&R training programs, no professional organizations, no specialty board requirements, and no practicing physicians in the field. Because there are no known disabled children on Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care, the consequences of this deficit are minimal there. However, the 788,000,000 permanent residents of subSaharan Africa, including approximately 78 million persons with disability, are left unserved. Antarctica is doing fine. Africa is in a crisis. Local medical schools, hospitals doctors, and persons with disability; along with foreign volunteers, aid groups, and policymakers can impact the crisis. However government-specifically national ministries of health-is ultimately responsible for the health and wellbeing of citizens.

The practice of physical and rehabilitation medicine in sub-Saharan Africa and Antarctica: A white paper or a black mark?

The medical specialty of physical and rehabilitation medicine has had a proven impact on people with disabilities and on healthcare systems. Documents such as the White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe have been important in defining the scope of practice within various regions. However, in some regions the practice has not been well defined To explore the practice of physical and rehabilitation medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa and Antarctica. Medline searches, membership data searches, fax survey of medical schools, internet searches, and interviews with experts. The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government. However, both Antarctica and Sub-Saharan Africa have no physical and rehabilitation medicine training programs, no professional organizations, no specialty board requirements, and no practising physicians in the field. Since there are no known disabled children on Antarctica and adults are air-lifted to world-class healthcare, the consequences of this deficit are minimal there. However, the 788,000,000 permanent residents of Sub-Saharan Africa, including approximately 78 million people with disabilities, are left unserved. Antarctica is doing fine, but Africa is in a crisis. Local medical schools, hospitals doctors, and people with disabilities, along with foreign volunteers, aid groups, and policymakers can have an impact on the crisis. However, governments, specifically national ministries of health, are ultimately responsible for the health and well-being of their citizens.

The practice of physical medicine and rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa and Antarctica: A white paper or a black mark?

Introduction. The medical specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) has had a proven impact on persons with disability and on healthcare systems. Documents such as The White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe have been important in defining the scope of practice within various regions. However in some continents the practice has not been well defined.Objective. To explore the practice of PM&R in sub-Saharan Africa and Antarctica.Methods. Medline searches, membership data searches, fax survey of medical schools, Internet searches and interviews with experts.Results. The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government. However both Antarctica and sub-Saharan Africa have no PM&R training programs, no professional organisations, no specialty board requirements and no practicing physicians in the field. Since there are no known disabled children in Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care, the consequences of this deficit are minimal there. However, the 788 000 000 permanent residents of sub-Saharan Africa including approximately 78 million persons with disability are left unserved.Conclusions. Antarctica is doing fine. Africa is in a crisis. Local medical schools, hospitals doctors, and persons with disability; along with foreign volunteers, aid groups and policymakers can impact the crisis. However government – specifically national ministries of health – is ultimately responsible for the health and well-being of citizens.

Ascertaining GP demand for a full-time paediatric emergency assessment unit

Changes in the general practitioner (GP) contract have led to the development of a variety of models for managing children who become sick outside of GP surgery hours. One such model is the hospital-based 24-hour paediatric emergency assessment unit (PEAU). This study sought to assess the demand for such a service in one English regional health authority. The opinions of general practitioners (GPs) regarding the service were sought via a fax survey, and a retrospective analysis of out-of-hour admissions staying less than 24 hours, over two discrete three-month periods. Differences in GP referral outcomes were also examined. GPs using the current PEAU (N=431) were invited to participate. GP’s responses, and analysis of PEAU out-of-hours throughput and admission trajectories were obtained. Results indicate that 83.9% of respondent GPs strongly agreed or agreed that the unit should provide a 24-hour PEAU service. 987 sick children were admitted to hospital out of PEAU opening hours, of which 404 had a stay of less than 24 hours. There was widespread approval by GPs to implement a 24-hour PEAU service, however, analysis of the hospital data showed that there were currently insufficient out-of-hours admissions to warrant changes in service delivery.

한국 패션기업의 세계시장 진출을 위한 중국시장 활용 전략 연구 -일반화된 더블다이몬드 모델의 변수를 이용한 한.중 패션산업의 경쟁력 분석을 중심으로 -

This study aimed to investigate the competitive advantages of Chinese fashion industry and firms to Korean fashion industry by applying the generalized double-diamond theory. Data collection was done by internet and fax survey. Questionnaires were distributed to the Korean textiles and apparel firms who entered China for production anuor distribution. List of firms were provided by KOFOTI, KOTRA, and Korea Apparel Industry Association. Total 198 questionnaires were distributed, and 77 questionnaires were used for final analysis. The results were follows. Korea`s competitiveness scores of double-diamond model were higher in every aspects, such as demand condition, infra/supportive industry, firms`s strategy and competition except factor condition. Glottalization score in double diamond model measured by the degree of glottalization which was determined by international diamond factors which make firm`s multinational/international activities possible. Chinese fashion industry`s globalization score of factor condition was significantly higher than Korea, but for the rest of aspects, Korean fashion industry showed higher scores. Therefore, Korean fashion firms can overcome comparative disadvantage of factor condition by utilizing Chinese fashion industry no matter what type of entry. In addition, considering the growth rate of Chinese fashion industry and its power of influence in the world market, the entry to the global market of the Korean fashion industry can be possible.

The Costs and Benefits of Mail, Fax, and Mixed-Mode Surveys in Organizational Research

This article examines the use of a new technology for collecting survey data for organizational research. Results are presented from a mail-and-fax mixed-mode study sent to 487 state and federal administrative law judges. Comparisons are made between the modes' response rates, financial costs, and results. No significant differences were detected in response choices and only minor differences were found in the characteristics of individuals who responded to each of the survey modes. The fax survey was found to impose a smaller financial cost on the researcher, suggesting the fax and mail-and-fax mixed-mode surveys to be promising modes of data collection.

Pneumothorax as a Complication of Breast Augmentation

Pneumothorax is a recognized complication of breast augmentation which, until now, was thought to be rare. The authors hypothesize that it is more common than generally appreciated. A fax survey was sent to 363 members of the California Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2001, questioning their experience with this complication. The survey response rate was 50 percent, revealing that one in three members of the California Society of Plastic Surgeons had at least one patient who experienced a pneumothorax, and one in 10 had experienced two or more complications of pneumothorax while performing breast augmentation. Sixty-two members reported a total of 83 separate pneumothoraces in their career. No local or hypodermic needle injections were used in 24 percent of these patients. Fifty-five percent of patients were hospitalized, with 71 percent of the cases paid for by insurance companies. Treatment consisted of observation and repeated chest radiograph in 33 percent, needle aspiration alone in 16 percent, and chest tube insertion in 47 percent. The cause is difficult to determine, but causes suspected by respondents included intraoperative laceration of the pleura (43 percent), needle puncture at the time of local injection (37 percent), ruptured pulmonary blebs during or after the procedure (16 percent), and high anesthetic ventilation pressures (3 percent). The authors believe the complication of pneumothorax is more common than generally appreciated and is not necessarily caused by negligence. The authors now include this complication in their consent form and recommend keeping an intracatheter, pigtail catheter, or Heimlich valve in surgical facilities for treatment of a possible tension pneumothorax.

Family physicians' information seeking behaviors: A survey comparison with other specialties

BackgroundUsing technology to access clinical information has become a critical skill for family physicians. The aims of this study were to assess the way family physicians use the Internet to look for clinical information and how their patterns vary from those of specialists. Further, we sought a better understanding of how family physicians used just-in-time information in clinical practice.MethodsA fax survey was provided with 17 items. The survey instrument, adapted from two previous studies, was sent to community-based physicians. The questions measured frequency of use and importance of the Internet, palm computers, Internet CME, and email for information seeking and CME. Barriers to use were explored. Demographic data was gathered concerning gender, years since medical school graduation, practice location, practice type, and practice specialty.ResultsFamily physicians found the Internet to be useful and important as an information source. They were more likely to search for patient oriented material than were specialists who more often searched literature, journals and corresponded with colleagues. Hand held computers were used by almost half of family physicians.ConclusionFamily physicians consider the Internet important to the practice of medicine, and the majority use it regularly. Their searches differ from colleagues in other specialties with a focus on direct patient care questions. Almost half of family physicians use hand held computers, most often for drug reference.

Factors Influencing State Association Planners' Overall Satisfaction with a Convention Experience

ABSTRACT Customer satisfaction has attracted attention from both the industry and academia. However, customer satisfaction within the meeting industry has largely been unexplored. This study evaluated state association planners' satisfaction based on their most recent convention experience and identified factors influencing planners' overall satisfaction. A fax survey was conducted with a sample of 673 association planners (a 37.4% response rate). Forty-five attributes were factor analyzed and emerged into an 8-factor solution. Multiple regression analyses were then performed to identify factors influencing the respondents' overall satisfaction and repeat intention. The study results indicated that quality of meeting rooms was not only ranked as one of the most important areas for explaining respondents' overall satisfaction, but also showed a significant relationship in explaining their intention to return.

Awareness, use and opinions of methodological search filters used for the retrieval of evidence-based medical literature-a questionnaire survey.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of methodological search filters among health and academic librarians in the UK and Ireland, their use of filters and views on the perceived benefits, limitations and ways to increase usage of search filters. A random proportional sample of health and academic librarians were surveyed by telephone and fax. Overall, 88% (196/224) completed the telephone survey to establish awareness and use of filters. Eighty-four per cent (51/61) completed a fax survey focusing in more depth on usability issues surrounding filters. Results indicate a high level of awareness of methodological filters, but low level of usage. Furthermore, a high level of awareness did not necessarily correlate with a high level of knowledge or understanding. Examination of responses revealed limitations and recommendations beyond those reported in the literature and highlights the relationship between understanding and effective use of filters. Improved dissemination and publication of filters is required to better inform librarians on the concept of filters and how to use them effectively.

Comparison of E-mail, Fax, and Postal Surveys of Pediatricians

To compare 3 communication modes (postal, fax, and e-mail) in a rotavirus vaccine physician survey. We used 3 communication modes to distribute a survey to physicians listed in the membership directory of the Georgia Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The directory listed 1391 members; however, 404 were deemed ineligible on the basis of their listing as a specialist, retiree, resident in training, or government public health employee. Of the 987 members expected to administer vaccines, 150 were selected randomly to receive the postal survey (postal group). Of the remaining listings, 488 (58%) of 837 listed a fax number; 150 members were selected randomly and faxed a survey (fax group). Of the remaining members, 266 (39%) of 687 had e-mail addresses listed; 150 members were selected randomly for the e-mail survey (e-mail group). A follow-up survey was sent by the same mode at 2 weeks. A final survey was sent via another mode (mixed mode) at 1 month: by fax to e-mail and postal nonresponders and by post to fax nonresponders and those without fax. Eligible respondents in the 3 survey groups were similar in their practice setting and location. Although the e-mail group had fewer median years (8 years) since medical school graduation than the fax group (19 years) and postal group (17 years), a similar percentage of responders in all groups had computers (>85%) and Internet access (> or =70%) at work. However, only 39% of members listed an e-mail address in the directory. In the 2 weeks after the first mailing, 39 surveys were completed via postal mail, 50 via fax, and 16 via e-mail. In the 2 weeks after the second contact (sent at 2 weeks), 20 surveys were completed via postal mail, 15 via fax, and 17 via e-mail. The response rate after the first 2 mailings was 41% (59 of 143) for postal, 47% (65 of 137) for fax, and 26% (33 of 125) for e-mail surveys. The third and final survey (sent 1 month after the first mailing) was sent by a different (ie, mixed) mode and elicited an additional 73 responses: 19 responses (15 postal, 4 fax) from the postal group, 19 responses (18 postal, 1 fax) from the fax group, and 35 responses (15 postal, 13 fax, 7 e-mail) from the e-mail group. Twenty-three percent (9 of 40) of the e-mail and 18% (15 of 83) of the fax surveys completed were returned on the same or subsequent day they were sent, compared with none of the postal surveys. There were significant differences among the 3 groups for invalid addresses/numbers (4% postal, 8% fax, and 16% e-mail) listed in the directory. Using mixed modes as the third contact, the overall response rate increased from 39% before mixed mode to a final of 53%. On the basis of the 3 initial groups, responses to 1 of 12 rotavirus questions differed significantly. Future use of e-mail surveys in selected circumstances is promising, because the majority of providers have Internet access and acknowledged interest in participating in e-mail surveys. E-mail surveys could be especially useful if rapid response time is necessary. There were fewer incomplete questions by participants who completed the e-mail survey compared with postal or fax participants. Updating membership e-mail addresses and routinely using e-mail as a communication tool should improve the ability to use e-mail surveys. There may need to be ongoing evaluations that critically evaluate providers' responses to e-mail surveys compared with other survey modes before e-mail surveys can become a standard survey tool. In the meantime, mixed-mode surveys may be an option.