Fault Current Limiter Research Articles

Возможность ограничения токов короткого замыкания в электрических сетях, содержащих сверхпроводящие линии электропередач, с помощью ВТСП-предохранителя

2G HTS conductors are known to have high critical parameters what gives an opportunity of making various fault current limiting devices. One of them is proposed in this paper the HTS fuse – HTSF), the design of which was developed and previously protected by a patent. Due to its simplicity, this device has a low cost as compared with others and can be replaced very easily after actuation and burning out. Another advantage of the HTSF is a low capacity of its cryogenic system, due to its low mass and dimension characteristics, but if it is used together with a HTS cable there is no necessity of having a special cryogenic system at all, since the HTSF cooling down can be performed by that one of the HTS cable. Here are given the calculations of the fault current limitation efficiency of the HTSF within the electric power system having a HTS transmission line.

Electromagnetic Thermal Analysis on Variable Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Electromagnetic Thermal Analysis on Variable Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Impacts of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters on Undervoltage Protection for the Distribution Network

Impacts of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters on Undervoltage Protection for the Distribution Network

Research on Fault Current Limiting of Magneto-Biased Superconducting DC Current Limiter in DC Distribution Network

Research on Fault Current Limiting of Magneto-Biased Superconducting DC Current Limiter in DC Distribution Network

Influence of wind farm fault current control strategies on distance protection during unsymmetrical faults

Abstract This paper evaluates the performance of distance protection near a wind farm with type IV wind turbines with various basic fault current control strategies implemented in the power converters. The considered fault control strategies include control of purely positive sequence currents or combined positive and negative sequence currents for reactive power support of various magnitudes. A multi-variable study is performed in PSCAD to show performance of a basic algorithm of distance protection at a 420 kV line in a vicinity of the wind farm. The results show that the majority of relay failures occur for phase-phase-ground faults, that reactive current control has less influence in strong grid than in weak grid, and that standard wind turbine fault control procedure of providing balanced current might result in fault currents much smaller than maximum allowed (usually 1.2 pu).

Design and experimental results of a 10 kV resistance-inductance type superconducting fault current limiter

Design and experimental results of a 10 kV resistance-inductance type superconducting fault current limiter

The Identification of Microstructural Changes in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

HTS 2G tapes used in Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) have properties that allow for the effective limitation of short-circuit currents; however, due to the specificity of the device operation, they should be characterized by the high stability of the parameters when repeatedly leaving the superconducting state. During the operation of SFCLs, a situation may occur in which the parameters of the HTS tapes used will change several times as a result of the action of short-circuit currents that exceed the critical current IC of the superconductor of the tape used. This paper presents the results of microstructural tests of 2G HTS tapes intended for SFCLs, subjected to surge currents corresponding to prospective short-circuit currents with values higher than their critical currents IC and for which IC changes were observed. The HTS tapes were examined using a JEOL 7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The test results indicate the possibility of micro-damage in the form of cracks in the superconductor layer, as well as the interruption of the buffer layers and the oxidation of the silver layers. The analysis of the chemical composition of the HTS tape layers may indicate the occurrence of diffusion processes.

Fault Current Limiting and Grid Code Compliance for Grid-Forming Inverters—Part I: Problem Statement

Fault Current Limiting and Grid Code Compliance for Grid-Forming Inverters—Part I: Problem Statement

A Voltage-Clamping Type DC Fault Current Limiter With Low Power Losses

A Voltage-Clamping Type DC Fault Current Limiter With Low Power Losses

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Model for Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Future Electric Aircraft

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Model for Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Future Electric Aircraft

A Dual-Stage Solid-State Fault-Current Limiter for Flexible DC Distribution Networks

A Dual-Stage Solid-State Fault-Current Limiter for Flexible DC Distribution Networks

계통연계형 PV(Photovoltaic) 설계 및 과도상태 특성 연구

This study investigated the design of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system based on solar power generation and its characteristics during ground-fault incidents. Various approaches to enhance the stability and efficiency of the PV system were explored. Experimental results confirmed that the integration of solar arrays, DC/DC converters, and inverters optimized the output characteristics of the system. In particular, the analysis focused on current changes and control mechanisms during ground fault incidents and compared the effectiveness of DC circuit breakers and superconducting fault current limiters. Simulations were performed to propose solutions to address the problem of sudden increases in fault current. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of DC circuit breakers in limiting fault currents. Additionally, the application of fault current limiters improved both fault current limitation and response times for disconnection. The results of this study enhance the safety and economic operation of solar power systems and facilitate the adoption of eco-friendly energy. The results can be used as a reference for the design and operation of solar power systems in the future and can support the implementation of renewable energy policies.

Impact of Adding Fast Switching Fault Current Limiter (FSFCL) to the Neutral Point of 220 kV Transformer

Impact of Adding Fast Switching Fault Current Limiter (FSFCL) to the Neutral Point of 220 kV Transformer

An inherent fault current blocking modular series multilevel converter using half-bridge sub-modules for grid integration

This paper proposes an inherent fault current blocking modular series multilevel converter (MSMC) using half-bridge (HB) sub-modules (SMs) for grid integration. The proposed converter uses passive filters to decouple the AC and DC side. Compared to conventional three-phase modular multilevel converters (MMCs) that use half-bridge sub-modules (HBSMs), the new MSMC design significantly reduces the number of switching devices required. Furthermore, one of the features of the proposed MSMC is its inherent ability to limit fault currents, which is achieved through its unique topological configuration whereas the conventional HB-MMC is susceptible to DC and AC faults. Despite these advancements, the new MSMC design retains all the desirable characteristics of conventional HB-MMCs, ensuring compatibility and ease of adoption. The paper thoroughly examines the operation of the MSMC under both steady-state and fault conditions. It also discusses the equivalent voltage decoupling circuit, energy balancing which is essential for the proper functioning of the converter. Additionally, the pre-charging process of the sub-module capacitors, a critical step for ensuring the safe start-up of the converter, is discussed in detail. Furthermore, Extended topologies can be derived from proposed topology for different applications.

The Development of Bi-LSTM Based on Fault Diagnosis Scheme in MVDC System

Diagnosing faults is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) systems. In this study, we propose a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM)-based fault diagnosis scheme for the accurate classification of faults occurring in MVDC systems. First, to ensure stability in case a fault occurs, we modeled an MVDC system that included a resistor-based fault current limiter (R-FCL) and a direct current circuit breaker (DCCB). A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) extracted the transient voltages and currents measured using DC lines and AC grids in the frequency–time domain. Based on the digital signal normalized by the DWT, using the measurement data, the Bi-LSTM algorithm was used to classify and learn the types and locations of faults, such as DC line (PTP, P-PTG, and N-PTG) and internal inverter faults. The effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme was validated through comparative analysis within the four-terminal MVDC system, demonstrating superior accuracy and a faster diagnosis time compared to those of the existing schemes that utilize other AI algorithms, such as the CNN and LSTM. According to the test results, the proposed fault diagnosis scheme detects MVDC faults and shows a high recognition accuracy of 97.7%. Additionally, when applying the Bi-LSTM-based fault diagnosis scheme, it was confirmed that not only the training diagnosis time (TraDT) but also the average diagnosis time (AvgDT) were 0.03 ms and 0.05 ms faster than LSTM and CNN, respectively. The results validate the superior fault clarification and fast diagnosis performance of the proposed scheme over those of the other methods.

Comparative study on the impact of different E-J relations on the performance of resistive superconducting fault current limiters under high and low impedance faults in cryo-electric aircraft

To achieve the goal of zero emission in aviation, it is critical to advance electric aircraft technologies, especially in short to medium range flights. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) have shown promising potential in electric aircraft system as a protection solution to limit the peak of fault current. Many research works focused on the SFCL performance under low impedance faults, where the fault current is much higher than the nominal current and the SFCL will transit to normal (metal) state quickly. However, there are limited reports on investigating the SFCL reacting to high impedance faults for electric aircraft system, where the SFCL does not abruptly transit to normal state. In this paper, we built an electric-thermal coupled model in MATLAB which simulates the behaviour of a resistive type SFCL both under low and high impedance faults. We investigated three mathematical relations of local electric field E and local current density J representing the transition from superconducting state to normal state, both under high and low impedance fault. The three mathematical relations are classic E-J power-law, modified E-J power-law and two- stage E-J power law. The electric-thermal model of the SFCL incorporating all these three types of mathematical relations, respectively, have been used to calculate the SFCL responses under high and low impedance faults, and compared with each other, as well as testing results. The limited fault current, voltage drop, resistance and temperature variations in the SFCL are observed and analysed. The results have shown that the proposed SFCL model is able to accurately characterise a resistive type SFCL under both high impedance and low impedance fault.

A capacitance-resistance hybrid fault current limiter based on thyristor

A capacitance-resistance hybrid fault current limiter based on thyristor

Analysis on Starting Current Limiting Characteristics of Induction Motor Using a Three-Phase Reactor Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Analysis on Starting Current Limiting Characteristics of Induction Motor Using a Three-Phase Reactor Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Using Shunt Capacitors to Mitigate the Effects of Increasing Renewable Energy Penetration

Over the past two decades, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) have gained global popularity. Control issues are becoming more difficult as the system inertia decreases due to the absence of typical synchronous generators. Innovative methods like fault current limiters, energy storage devices, and alternative control systems are utilized to deal with these difficulties. This study provides a summary of the challenges associated with incorporating high-level RESs into the existing grid. The increased penetration of the RESs has a negative impact on the system oscillations and harmonics, generating the need for power quality improvement techniques, such as adaptive control, adding energy systems, power stream assessment, or weight stream examination. This paper presents a framework of the power stream issue, its arrangement as well as different game plan methods. The power stream model of a power structure can be built using the significant association, weight, and age data.

Impact of inductive and resistive fault current limiters for transient stability Improvement based on difference between accelerating and decelerating areas

The utilization of fault current limiters (FCLs) provides an effective approach to alleviate the negative consequences associated with short circuit currents. This equipment can affect other system specifications. In this paper, the effects of FCL on power system transient stability are investigated by a theoretical-comparative study. In this study, different FCL impedances (inductive and resistive) are analyzed and compared considering two locations for FCL installation and different locations of fault occurrence in a single-machine infinite bus system. To evaluate the power system's transient stability, the authors adopt an approach based on the equal area criterion, which calculates the difference between accelerating and decelerating areas. Another issue addressed in this article is the fault-clearing time effect on the power system's transient stability as FCL is installed in the power grid. The results have been confirmed through the use of MATLAB software.