Fatty Acid Profile Of Goat Milk Research Articles

Farklı Laktasyon Dönemlerindeki Damascus Keçilerinde Süt Özellikleri: 2. Yağ Asidi Profili ve Onunla İlişkili Bazı Lipogenik Genlerin Ekspresyon Seviyeleri

In the present study, goat milk fatty acid profile and some of the lipogenic genes activities in milk somatic cells were evaluated during the lactation periods in Damascus goats. Relationship between fatty acid profile and lipo-genic genes during the lactation were also investigated. The lactation periods of goats were divided to three stages as early, mid and late lactation. Beside fatty acid profile, FASN, SCD, ACACA, SREBPF1, and PPARγ genes expression levels were determined in milk. It was determined that fatty acid contents of milk samples changed during the lactation (P

Effect of Feeding a Low Level of Encapsulated Fish Oil to Dairy Goats on Milk Yield, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile

AbstractContradictory results have been found in the response of dairy goats to the supplementation of fish oil in their diet to improve the n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk. The responses to the inclusion of fish oil in the diet of ruminants either induced milk fat depression, increased milk fat content, and/or negatively impacted milk yield. The objective of this study was to determine whether including a low dose of encapsulated fish oil in the diet of goats can modify yield, milk composition, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk. Ten Alpine goats were divided into two homogeneous subgroups and assigned to either the control or experimental diet. The control animals received the basal diet without supplementation of fish oil, whereas the experimental group was given the same basal diet supplemented with encapsulated fish oil (1.14 g /kg of concentrate) for 56 days. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition and FA profile. The inclusion of encapsulated fish oil in the goat diet did not affect the yield and composition of goat milk. The effect of diet was not significant on the FA profile of goat milk, except that 20:0 was lower (P < 0.05) in the milk of goats that received fish oil. The low dose of encapsulated fish oil supplement used in this study did not impact (P > 0.05) the PUFA content of goat milk or milk composition and yield; however, the atherogenicity index (AI), which is beneficial to heart health, was lower (P < 0.05) in the milk of goats that received fish oil as a supplement in their diet compared to the control.

Fatty acid profile of milk from Saanen and Swedish Landrace goats

Recent years have had an increased demand for goat milk and its products. The quality of goat milk is determined, in part, by the fatty acid (FA) profile, but there is little information about breed influence on the FA profile of goat milk. The aim of this study was to describe and compare FA profiles of goat milk produced by Saanen and Swedish Landrace breeds. FA profiles were analysed by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector using 100 m capillary column coated with ionic liquids of extreme polarity (SLB-IL111). The amounts of 19 FAs were measured. Analyses indicated that FA profile in the milk of Saanen goats differs from that of Swedish Landrace goats with the first having higher proportions of most SFA-s and the second having lower proportions of C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1. This knowledge enables the improvement of the quality of goat milk and goat milk-derived products.

Influence of dietary plant oils on mammary lipogenic enzymes and the conjugated linoleic acid content of plasma and milk fat of lactating goats

A feeding experiment with 15 lactating goats and 3 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation of safflower or linseed oil on milk production and the fatty acid (FA) profile of blood plasma and milk, and to measure the mRNA abundance of stearyl CoA desaturase (SCD), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in mammary biopsies. Goats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups with five goats per treatment consisting of a basal diet supplemented with chopped alfalfa hay at a level of 299.9g/kg (dry matter (DM) basis) as the control (CON); CON diet mixed with safflower oil (50g/kg of TMR DM) as a source of C18:2 (SO) or linseed oil (50g/kg of TMR DM) as a source of C18:3 (LO). The experiment lasted 8 wks which included a 2 wk adjustment period. Milk fat yield (P<0.01) and milk fat content (P<0.01) increased with oil supplementation, and oil supplemented TMR increased concentrations of glucose and triglyceride (TG) in blood plasma. While supplementing oils decreased the proportion of short- to medium-chain FA, they increased the C18 unsaturated FA including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in plasma and in milk. The SO and LO treatments increased the mRNA abundances of both SCD and LPL. Oil supplementation is a useful way to alter the milk fat and FA profile of goat milk. An increase in the fat content of goat milk due to the supplemented oils was accompanied by increased LPL and abundance of ACC mRNA. Induction of a substantial increase of CLA in milk by supplementing these oils suggests that they may have an effect on some mammary lipogenic enzymes.

Dairy performance and milk fatty acid composition of dairy goats fed high or low concentrate diet in combination with soybeans or canola seed supplementation

The objective of this trial was to study the effects of diets with low (L, 45% diet DM) or high (H, 65% diet DM) percentage of concentrate combined with the addition of extruded soybeans (SB) or rolled canola seeds (CS) on the performance of dairy goats and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. Twenty-four Saanen or Alpine goats were used in an 8 wk trial with the first 2 wk for the adaptation to one of the 4 experimental diets (L-SB, L-CS, H-SB, H-CS) accordingly to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Individual milk production and gross composition were recorded weekly and milk FA was analyzed in the middle and at the end of the trial. The dry matter intake was similar among groups, but total FA intake was higher in H-CS group. The dietary treatments did not affect the milk yield (kg/d), the contents (g/kg) and yields (g/d) of fat and protein, the yield of lactose and the content of urea; however feeding H-CS diet increased the content of lactose. The dietary treatments did not affect the proportion of FA from C4:0 to C10:0 in milk fat. Feeding H rations increased the percentage of trans-C18:1 (t6+7+8 and t9 to t12-C18:1), c9,c12-C18:2 and c9,t11-C18:2 at the expense of C14:0, c9,c12,c15-C18:3 and the iso and ante-iso FA. Feeding CS increased the C18:0 and total trans-C18:1 whereas SB raised the C16:0 and c9,c12-C18:2. The milk from H-CS group was the richest in trans FA, but the extent of the response of the trans FA was slightly different according to the isomer: it was higher for t6+7+8-C18:1 than for t11-C18:1. Feeding high concentrate diets combined with dietary fat can be used to modify the FA profile of goat milk, without any negative effect on milk yield and milk fat or protein contents. Their effects may be complementary, at least for trans-FA. Moreover, the profile of trans isomers relative to total trans-C18:1 seems dependent on the source of dietary fat.