Analysis Of Fatty Acid Composition Research Articles

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of Powder from Edible Crickets (Acheta domesticus) Reared on Apple By-Products

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of Powder from Edible Crickets (Acheta domesticus) Reared on Apple By-Products

Nutritional value of meat from selected neotropical reptiles

This is the second part of a two-part review. The first part focused on the nutritive value of meat and meat products of selected neo-tropical mammals with the potential for domestication. The objective of this current review was to investigate the nutritional qualities and carcass traits of selected neotropical reptiles compared to domestic species, focusing on the spectacled caiman, iguana, tegu, and yellow anaconda. Carcass weight analysis revealed that the spectacled caiman and male iguana were efficient converters of live weight to edible carcass weight, with higher yields than other reptiles. Among domestic species, pigs and chickens showed higher carcass yields compared to cattle and lamb. Moisture content in reptile meat was generally higher than in domestic animals, impacting texture and juiciness. Protein content was lower in reptiles but still contributed to daily requirements, while fat content, though generally lower in reptiles, could impact flavor and tenderness. Cholesterol levels were lower in reptiles, particularly the yellow anaconda, making them potentially healthier options for those with cardiovascular concerns. Fatty acid composition analysis indicated varying levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with potential cardiovascular health benefits in reptile meats. Amino acid content, though lower in reptiles compared to domestic species, provided essential building blocks for various physiological functions. Overall, the study highlighted the nutritional value and potential health benefits of including neotropical reptile meat in the human diet, especially as alternative protein sources.

HIF3A gene disruption causes abnormal alveoli structure and early neonatal death.

Transcriptional response to changes in oxygen concentration is mainly controlled by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Besides regulation of hypoxia-responsible gene expression, HIF-3α has recently been shown to be involved in lung development and in the metabolic process of fat tissue. However, the precise mechanism for such properties of HIF-3α is still largely unknown. To this end, we generated HIF3A gene-disrupted mice by means of genome editing technology to explore the pleiotropic role of HIF-3α in development and physiology. We obtained adult mice carrying homozygous HIF3A gene mutations with comparable body weight and height to wild-type mice. However, the number of litters and ratio of homozygous mutation carriers born from the mating between homozygous mutant mice was lower than expected due to sporadic deaths on postnatal day 1. HIF3A gene-disrupted mice exhibited abnormal configuration of the lung such as a reduced number of alveoli and thickened alveolar walls. Transcriptome analysis showed, as well as genes associated with lung development, an upregulation of stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1, a pivotal enzyme for fatty acid metabolism. Analysis of fatty acid composition in the lung employing gas chromatography indicated an elevation in palmitoleic acid and a reduction in oleic acid, suggesting an imbalance in distribution of fatty acid, a constituent of lung surfactant. Accordingly, administration of glucocorticoid injections during pregnancy resulted in a restoration of normal alveolar counts and a decrease in neonatal mortality. In conclusion, these observations provide novel insights into a pivotal role of HIF-3α in the preservation of critically important structure and function of alveoli beyond the regulation of hypoxia-mediated gene expression.

Investigating the concomitant production of carotenoids and lipids by the yeast Rhodosporidium babjevae using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate or corn steep liquor

The yeast Rhodosporidium babjevae was used to produce carotenoids, lipids, and fatty acids using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates or glucose. Investigating the impact of glucose concentrations (10-150 g/L), the yeast showed the capability to yield 16.9 g/L biomass and 10.5 g/L lipids at 60 g glucose/L, while the highest pigments concentration (312 μg/g) was observed at 10 g glucose/L. Pre-treatment methods, including organosolv (ethanol 60 %(w/w)), alkali (NaOH 2 %(w/v)) and alkaline-organosolv (ethanol 60 %(w/w) and NaOH 2 %(w/v)) were used on the sugarcane bagasse following enzymatic hydrolysis. Among these, alkaline organosolv pre-treatment exhibited the most effective lignin removal of 81.9 %, releasing 46.7 g/L sugars by hydrolysis. Yeast cultivation on the enzymatic hydrolysates of alkaline organosolv pre-treatment resulted in the highest biomass (9.6 g/L) and lipids (5.0 g/L) yields. However, the highest content of pigments (280 μg/g) was achieved when the yeast was cultivated on the enzymatic hydrolysates of organosolv pre-treatment. Production of 11.3 g/L biomass, 204 μg/g pigments, and 6.7 g/L lipids established that corn steep liquor holds potential as a cheap and viable alternative to yeast extract as nitrogen source. The analysis of fatty acid composition revealed the prevalence of oleic acid and linoleic acid as dominant components.

Comprehensive untargeted lipidomics study of black morel (Morchella sextelata) at different growth stages

The black morel (Morchella sextelata) is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom appreciated worldwide. Here, lipidomic profiles and lipid dynamic changes during the growth of M. sexletata were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 203 lipid molecules, including four categories and fourteen subclasses, were identified in mature fruiting bodies, with triacylglycerol being the most abundant (37.00 %). Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid among the free fatty acids, glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. The relative concentration of lipids in M. sextelata changed significantly during its growth, from which 12 and 29 differential lipid molecules were screened out, respectively. Pathway analysis based on these differential lipids showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the major pathway involved in the growth of M. sextelata. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the lipids in M. sextelata and will facilitate the development and utilization of M. sextelata.

GD23132-PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. OIL EXTRACTION BY LIQUID and SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE MODIFIED WITH A CO-SOLVENT AND EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, FATTY ACIDS PROFILE AND TOCOPHEROLSEXTRACTION BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE MODIFIED WITH A CO-SOLVENT AND EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, FATTY ACIDS PROFILE AND TOCOPHEROLS

The Pistacia terebinthus L was extracted using liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide together with a co-solvent (ethanol). The effect of different temperatures (30 and 50°C), pressure (250, 300, and 350 bar), extraction time (60 and 120 min), and different percentages of co-solvent (0, 5, and 10%) was investigated. The amount of phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and fatty acid composition was determined. HPLC, UHPLC and GC were used for analysis of phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and fatty acid composition respectively. Quercetin was the main phenolic compound. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids which were between 69.68 – 75.47%. Oleic acid was the predominant unsaturated fatty acid, and the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid. Total tocopherol content of the oil was between 13.07-245.3 ppm and the main tocopherol was β-tocopherol. The study showed that the amount of phenolic compounds, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content were changed according to the parameters.

Monitoring Changes to Alkenone Biosynthesis in Commercial Tisochrysis lutea Microalgae.

Alkenones are unique lipids produced by certain species of microalgae, well-known for use in paleoclimatology, and more recently pursued to advance sustainability across multiple industries. Beginning in 2018, the biosynthesis of alkenones by commercially grown Tisochrysis lutea (T-Iso) microalgae from one of the world's most established producers, Necton S.A., changed dramatically from structures containing 37 and 38 carbons, to unusual shorter-chain C35 and C36 diunsaturated alkenones (C35:2 and C36:2 alkenones). While the exact reasons for this change remain unknown, analysis of alkenones isolated from T-Iso grown in 2021 and 2023 revealed that this change has persisted. The structure of these rare shorter-chain alkenones, including double bond position, produced by Necton T-Iso remained the same over the last five years, which was determined using a new and optimized cross-metathesis derivatization approach with analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and NMR. However, noticeable differences in the alkenone profiles among the different batches were observed. Combined with fatty acid compositional analysis, the data suggest a connection between these lipid classes (e.g., increased DHA corresponds to lower amounts of shorter-chain alkenones) and the ability to manipulate their biosynthesis in T-Iso with changes to cultivation conditions.

Rheological behaviour, fatty acid composition and pigment content of Moroccan Picholine virgin olive oil during three harvest periods

The physicochemical, rheological, and fatty acid composition of six virgin olive oils extracted from the Picholine variety in the Beni Mellal-Khénifra region (Morocco) were studied and compared over three harvest years: 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021. These results show that all samples are rich in oleic acid, with the lowest amount observed for samples harvested in 2018-2019, followed by samples from 2019-2020 and finally those from the 2020-2021 harvest. It was also shown that all virgin olive oil samples exhibited Newtonian behaviors at shear rates between 60 and 120 s-1 and that the average dynamic viscosity of the 2018-2019 samples was 0.045 ± 1.14.10-4 Pa.s, below that observed for the 2019-2020 period (0.063 ± 4.92.10-4 Pa.s). The latter was in turn lower than the viscosity recorded for the 2020-2021 harvest (0.071 ± 1.90.10-4 Pa.s). Analysis of fatty acid composition shows that olive oils with a high oleic acid content have a higher viscosity than those with a low content. Finally, multivariate statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) showed good classification between samples according to their physicochemical properties and year of harvest. The olive oils produced in 2018 were significantly different from those harvested in 2020, probably due to their viscosities and fatty acid profiles.

Evaluation of seed yield, essential oil compositions, and fatty acid profiles in advanced fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) breeding populations

Metabolites derived from bitter fennel serve as flavoring and healing agents in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic sectors. Previously, we developed three fennel breeding populations (Early, Medium, and Late Maturity Synthetic Cultivars) with the potential to produce higher seed yield. This investigation aimed to assess the quality and quantity of the important metabolites in these three cultivars alongside their elite parental populations. Our results showed that the highest amounts of essential oil yield and seed yield were produced by, two breeding populations, Medium and Late Maturity Synthetic Cultivars. These cultivars showed positive seed yield heterosis rates of 28% and 20%, respectively, above the averages of their parental populations. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil samples identified 24 components in total. The major compounds in all genotypes were trans-anethole (34.09–77.84%), limonene (4.99–12.66%), methyl chavicol (1.35–38.69%), and fenchone (6–13.07%). The highest amount of trans-anethole belonged to Fasa and the Medium Maturity Synthetic with 77.84 % and 73.10%, respectively. The analysis of fatty acid compositions in the genotypes was conducted using GC-FID, which revealed the presence of 19 unique fatty acids, of which ten were saturated, and nine were unsaturated fatty acids. Petroselinic acid (67.11–78.44%), and linoleic acid (9.14–11.60%) were the major unsaturated fatty acids in fennel seeds. The Early Maturity Synthetic exhibited the least saturated fatty acid content (7.24%), while the highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids were found in both the Early Maturity Synthetic (89%) and Hashtgerd (88.55%). The genotypes were categorized into four groups using a heat map analysis with hierarchical clustering. Overall, the results showed that the three synthetic cultivars of fennel have outperformed the elite parental populations for seed and essential oil yields, concentration of the major industrial secondary metabolites such as trans-anethole, and higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. These cultivars show potential for usage in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.

Exploring lipid health indices and protein quality in ninety Indian linseed varieties by comprehensive analysis of fatty acid composition, lignan content, and amino acid composition

Biochemical profiling of 90 linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties was done to have insights into their health benefits and nutritional properties. The analysis of fatty acid (FA) composition revealed 5 major FAs as α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), palmitic acid (PA), and stearic acid (SA) ranging from 1.68% to 59.19%, 5.61–62.44%, 18.14–45.54%, 5.69–9.5%, and 3.94–10.29%, respectively. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) content varied significantly with a wide range of 0.02–3.60% in the seed with highest SDG content recorded so far as 3.60% in variety KL-226. Amino acid (AA) composition analysis revealed the variation in average amino acid content of essential amino acids (EAA) (His, Thr Val, Met, Trp, Phe, Ile, Leu, Lys) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (Asp, Glu, Ser, Gly, Arg, Ala, Tyr, Cys). Total NEAA content ranged from 3.24% to 23.69% while total EAA content ranged from 1.89% to 14.89%. Lipid heath indices such as atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, cholestrolemic index and peroxidisability index along with other fatty acid ratios such as n-6/n-3 ratio, UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA were calculated to determine the stability of the varieties against auto-oxidation. It also revealed the positive effect of all varieties providing protection against atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Oleic desaturation ratio (ODR) and linoleic desaturation ratio (LDR) calculated to determine the desaturation efficiency of fatty acids, while protein efficiency ratio (PER) value calculated using amino acid composition determine the nutritional quality of protein. PER value ranged from 1.92 to 4.12 making all 90 varieties a good quality protein plant source. Principal component analysis revealed a significant variation between the fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and SDG content with a total variation of 69.95%. Hierarchical cluster analysis calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that 89 varieties are mostly similar except TL-99 variety.

Stability of perilla seed oil based PUFA-rich structured lipids using enzymatic interesterification: A thermo-oxidative kinetic study

Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) serves as a viable approach for enhancing the stability and functional characteristics of fats and oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) such as perilla seed oil (PSO). This investigation conducted a comprehensive analysis of the oxidative stability and kinetics behaviour of PUFA-rich enzymatically interesterified structured lipids (SL) developed using PSO. Further, these SL were enriched with varying concentration of rosemary extract (RE) and their stability was assessed using rancimat method under accelerated temperature (90–120 °C). Initial assessment of oxidative indices revealed that the obtained SL exhibited lower primary (peroxide and conjugated diene) and secondary indices (p-anisidine and conjugated trienes) compared to PSO. Furthermore, fatty acid composition analysis revealed that incorporation of PSO into palmolein during interesterification resulted in reduction of PUFA content in the obtained SL, thus achieving a balanced saturated: monounsaturated: polyunsaturated ratio of fatty acid (1.2:1.2:1) in SL. The analysis of kinetic parameters demonstrated that SL displayed lower activation energies (Ea,106.17 kJ/mol), frequency factor (A, 22.38 ×1013), activation enthalpies (∆H++,103.03 kJ/mol) and entropies (∆S++, 19.52 J/mol K) as well as more negative temperature coefficient (Tc, −8.96) compared to PSO. RE incorporation at the level of 1500 ppm in SL have higher antioxidant efficacy with estimated shelf of 188 days (IP25) and comparable with BHT at 200 ppm. These results are validated using the principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The findings of the present study hold significant implications for the fat and oil industry, as the utilization of such SL can extend shelf-life while preserving the nutritional value of PUFA-rich oils.

Effect of heating and Re-heating on physico-chemical properties of rice bran oil and soybean oil

This study investigates the thermal stability and suitability of rice bran oil (RBO) and soybean oil (SBO) during deep-oil frying of French fries, with a specific focus on the 6th time oil usage. The purpose is to determine the impact of repeated heating cycles on the physical, chemical, and fatty acid composition of these oils. Results reveal that RBO is more stable than SBO. Both oils maintain peroxide values below 10 meqO2/kg in the initial four heating cycles, with acceptable acid values (<0.6 mg KOH/100 g) up to the 5th cycle for RBO and the 3rd cycle for SBO. Saponification values exceed recommended levels initially but stabilize subsequently. Free fatty acids (FFA) and total polar materials (TPM) exhibit remarkable stability after repeated heating, showcasing the resilience of both oils. Fatty acid composition analysis demonstrates RBO's enhanced stability, with an increase in total saturated fatty acids and a concurrent decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. This highlights RBO's superior resistance to degradation compared to the more vulnerable SBO, rendering it more suitable for extended usage. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the physical and chemical changes in these oils during prolonged deep-frying, underscoring RBO's greater thermal stability. This research offers a novel perspective on the suitability of cooking oils for enduring high-temperature culinary applications, emphasizing the importance of RBO for extended usage in deep-frying processes.

Comparative analysis of antioxidant and fatty acid composition in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits: Exploring regional and commercial varieties

On Madeira Island, Portugal, the avocado crop benefits from a Mediterranean climate, exhibiting exceptional phytochemical and biochemical properties. Aiming to evaluate the antioxidant quality and fatty acid composition with a commercial avocado, flours were obtained from five varieties (four regional and one commercial Hass) across different tissues (pulp and by-products) and cycles (years and on-tree maturation stages). Results showed that a regional variety with thin purple skin had the highest antioxidant qualities and lipid content, surpassing the other regional and commercial Hass varieties. Oleic acid prevailed in all samples, with regional avocados containing arachidonic acid which is an uncommon occurrence among higher plants. Variations in fatty acid content were influenced by the timing of harvest. These outcomes highlight the promising potential of avocados from Madeira Island.

Analysis of fatty acid composition of functional mayonnaise sauce with pumpkin products

Analysis of fatty acid composition of functional mayonnaise sauce with pumpkin products

Identification of Adulterants in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using HS-SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis

Food fraud, such as the adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), is found to cause substantial negative impacts on both the economy and the health of consumers. This work was aimed at evaluating 19 EVOO samples commercialized in Foz do Iguaçu, a frontier city located around the triple border of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. To detect the presence of adulteration in EVOO samples, the present study employed gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) in order to evaluate fatty acids composition and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively. The quantitative results obtained from the analysis of fatty acids composition showed that 32% of the EVOO samples were adulterated, presumably with soy oil, due to the high levels of linoleic, linolenic, and myristic acids present in them. Principal component analysis (PCA) conducted using the complete chromatographic aroma profiles obtained from the VOCs helped distinguish authentic EVOO samples from adulterated ones and the country of origin of the samples. The following aromatic compounds were first described, as possible adulterant markers: 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, propyl pentanoate, methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one, and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzene.

Comparative analysis of physical properties and fatty acid composition of set-yogurt manufactured from different milk types

The increasing consumption of fermented milk products such as yogurt can be attributed to their health benefits as it contains milk-derived essential nutrients and probiotic lactic acid bacteria added as a starter culture. Yogurt is made from different varieties of fresh and reconstituted milk. The unique characteristics of goat milk provide an opportunity to produce yogurt that meets consumers' preferences. This study determined, evaluated and compared the physical properties, fatty acid composition and the nutrient/health index based on the fatty acids profiles of goat's and cow’s milk set yogurt. The yogurt was made from different milk varieties, which were goat's milk, cow's milk, a combination of goat's and cow's milk, commercial pasteurized full-fat cow's milk, and low-fat cow's milk. Physical properties evaluated were spontaneous or free whey, syneresis, water-holding capacity, viscosity, and texture. The composition of fatty acids was determined, grouped, and used to assess the nutrient/health index. The physical differences between yogurt prepared from goat's milk and cow's milk were established. This study revealed 21 different fatty acids in set yogurt made from goat’s and cow's milk, and the goat’s milk yogurt contained 6 fatty acids in the highest proportion. The yogurt contained an average of 62.3% saturated fatty acids and 37.7% unsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrated the effect of milk varieties on the variation of yogurt's physical properties and fatty acid composition. This information is valuable to establish the ways to enhance the product's quality.

An Atypical Course of Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (CMS) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed a Clinical Nutrition Diet.

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) poses a significant threat to farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), leading to high mortality rates during the seawater phase. Given that controlled experimental challenge trials with PMCV do not reproduce the mortality observed in severe field outbreaks of CMS, field trials on natural CMS outbreaks are warranted. This field study explored the impact of a clinical nutrition intervention, specifically a diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on a severe CMS outbreak in a commercial sea farm. CMS was diagnosed in a single sea cage with high mortality rates. Histopathological analysis, RT-qPCR in situ hybridization for virus detection, and fatty acid composition analysis were used to monitor the impact of disease and the inclusion of EPA and DHA in heart tissue. Following the implementation of clinical nutrition, a decline in mortality rates, regression of CMS-associated changes, and a significant reduction in piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) RNA load were observed within the salmon population. Fatty acid composition analysis of heart samples demonstrated increased levels of EPA and DHA, reinforcing the association between dietary factors, viral load dynamics, and overall fish health. Although further validation is needed in future studies, as field trials may not be sufficient to establish causation, our results indicate that optimizing the EPA + DHA levels may prove beneficial in severe CMS outbreaks.

Potential Assessment of Sturgeon Muscle Tissue as a Development Basis for Specialized Athletes Nutrition

Specialized food products use in the athlete diet developed considering the needs for nutrients is one of the most important factors in achieving high sports results and rapid recovery after physical activity. The study aims at possibility assessment of the muscle tissue use of sturgeon fish as a basis for the specialized food products development for athletes. Total chemical composition analysis of 13 sturgeon muscle tissue samples demonstrated that these fish species belong to the protein one with 15.73–19.38% protein content. According to the fat content, there are two groups to be identified: Sib×Sevr, BS×AO, bester Burtsevsky, bester vnirovsky, RO×L belong to fatty fish species (8.22–13.49% fat), and bester Aksai, K, K×A, St×K, AO – to medium-fat fish (4.70–7.92% fat). The study of the amino acid score of muscle tissue proteins has shown their high biological value. Only Burtsevsky bester and Siberian sturgeon differed in the presence of a limiting amino acid (valine), the rest of the samples studied had an amino acid score of more than 100%. The highest content of carnosine dipeptide is observed in hybrids between Siberian sturgeon and stellate sturgeon (385 mg/100 g), between Kaluga and Amur sturgeon (382.6 mg/100 g), as well as in bester vnirovsky (331.2 mg/100 g) and Amur sturgeon (308.8 mg/100 g). The fatty acid composition analysis of lipids showed the unsaturated fatty acids prevalence in it and a high total content of polyunsaturated eicosapentanoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids (5.79–12.70%). A comprehensive assessment of the chemical composition coefficient and structural and mechanical characteristics of minced meat based on sturgeon muscle tissue revealed that this type of raw material is efficient in product manufacture for athletes.

The Role of the Grass Snake Natrix natrix (Reptilia, Colubridae) in the Transfer of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Aquatic to Terrestrial Ecosystems to Land

As a result of analyses of fatty acid (FA) composition in the grass snake Natrix natrix and its food objects, tadpoles and metamorphs of two amphibian species: the moor frog Rana arvalis and the Pallas spadefoot toad Pelobates vespertinus, it was shown for the first time that the high total content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the biomass of the snakes indicates its important role in the transfer of these essential substances from aquatic ecosystems to land. It was found that, since food sources of DHA in terrestrial ecosystems are absent, its high level in R. arvalis metamorps and grass snakes may be provided only by synthesis from biochemical precursors contained in food of aquatic origin.

Maximization of 3-hydroxyhexanoate fraction in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) using lauric acid with engineered Cupriavidus necator H16

As polyhydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) was struggling with mechanical properties, efforts have been directed towards increasing mole fraction of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) in P(3HB-co-3HHx) to improve the properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Although genetic modification had significant results, there were several issues related to cell growth and PHA production by deletion of PHA synthetic genes. To find out easier strategy for high 3HHx mole fraction without gene deletion, Cupriavidus necator H16 containing phaC2Ra-phaACn-phaJ1Pa was examined with various oils resulting that coconut oil gave the highest 3HHx mole fraction. When fatty acid composition analysis with GC–MS was applied, coconut oil was found to have very different composition from other vegetable oil containing very high lauric acid (C12) content. To find out specific fatty acid affecting 3HHx fraction, different fatty acids from caproic acid (C6) to stearic acid (C18) was evaluated and the 3HHx mole fraction was increased to 26.5 ± 1.6 % using lauric acid. Moreover, the 3HHx mole fraction could be controlled from 9 % to 31.1 % by mixing bean oil and lauric acid with different ratios. Produced P(3HB-co-3HHx) exhibited higher molecular than P(3HB-co-3HHx) from phaB-deletion mutant. This study proposes another strategy to increase 3HHx mole fraction with easier way by modifying substrate composition without applying deletion tools.