Work Fatigue Research Articles

Analisis Ergonomika Pengoperasian Bagian Pencacah pada Mesin Pencacah Pakan Ternak Multiguna

The multi-purpose animal feed chopping machine is one of the feed chopping tools that many farmers use to help speed up the chopping of raw materials that will be used as animal feed. The chopping machine can be operated optimally if the machine is ergonomic so that it is safe and comfortable to operate. This study aims to analyze the ergonomics of a multi-purpose animal feed chopper in terms of anthropometry, operating workload and the level of work fatigue specifically for the chopper. This research uses quantitative methods which are supported by literature studies regarding the design of creating machine dimensions. The parameters in this study are: (1) anthropometric data consisting of Standing Finger Tip Height (TJUB), Standing Vertical Reach (JVB), and Standing Horizontal Reach (JHB); (2) the recommended weight limit that can be lifted by the operator (RWL), and (3) cardiovascular load (CVL). The research results stated that the height of the chopper hopper (100 cm) was classified as ergonomic because it was still between TJUB (66.10 cm) and JVB (183.95 cm). The operator's position from the hopper should not exceed JHB (66.00 cm). The recommended load limit (RWL) is 5.38 kg. Operation of the machine chopper section does not cause work fatigue with an average CVL of 10.71% (≤ 30%). Keywords: Anthropometry, CVL, Pulse Rate, RWL, Work Fatigue.

Unlocking the Hidden Impact: How Mental Workload Shapes Safety-Insights from NOSACQ-50 and NASA-TLX Method

The decrease in capability is caused by work fatigue and the level of error in work will increase. The increase in errors in work will cause the opportunity for work accidents in the industry which is the cause and effect of a work accident. This study aimed to determine solutions to eliminate mental workload from a safety climate based on NOSACQ-50 using the NASA-TLX method at PT. X part of The Batam City field in 2021. This quantitative study uses an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach between NOSACQ-50 to determine safety climate and NASA-TLX Method to determine mental workload based on the safety climate. The objects of this research are all workers of PT. X in 2021, with a sample size of 30 respondents. Statistical analysis used chi-square test. The results of this study show that Mental Workload in PT.X mostly was in moderate Level (73,3%) with the highest workload score was in the physical needs. NASA-TLX shows that Empowerment of Work Safety from Management was the significant factor causing mental stress. It was concluded that mental stress is caused by poor work arrangements. Suggestions for companies is to rotate work in each group of workers, especially riggers so that the workload is evenly distributed, and top management participates and is committed to carrying out OHS programs by directly demonstrating the programs that have been set.

A nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage life prediction model under combined cycle fatigue loading considering load interaction

In the present work, combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) tests were performed on GH4169 nickel-based alloy under stress-controlled conditions. The interaction between high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) results in a complex process of fatigue damage evolution under CCF loading. Based on the fatigue damage curve and the theory of equivalent damage, considering the interaction between HCF and LCF loading, a nonlinear cumulative damage model is proposed under CCF loading. The proposed model is deduced from the fatigue damage curve under CCF loading, which establishes a connection between the LCF and HCF damage curve. Three materials, including the other two materials, namely TC11 and Al 2024-T3, published in the relevant literature, are used to verify the proposed model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has better prediction results than those for Miner’s rule and the Trufyakov-Kovalchuk (T-K) model. The validation of the proposed model shows its superior performance.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ORAL HISTOPATHOLOGY- A REVIEW

Since last few years, there has been a significant rise in the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the field of pathology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is basically a field of research in which technology is incorporated to mimic human intelligence. These are empowered through different learning methods like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). Machine and deep learning are the techniques which need data for working and that data is supervised to extract the probable outcomes. The application and use of Artificial intelligence is extended to a large extent. Diagnostic ability and outcome of the doctors can be compromised due to various factors like heavy workload, complexity of work and potential fatigue which can be encountered by AI tools. These tools reduce the workload and enhances the working efficiency. This paper focuses on the importance of artificial intelligence and discusses the recent advances in AI and deep learning in the field of oral histopathology.

IMPLEMENTASI TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE (TPM) DENGAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) PADA MESIN THRESER DI KOPERASI KAREB

Increasingly advanced technology encourages companies to improve machine progress to support the production process. Routine maintenance helps the production process run smoothly and machines are used more optimally. The use of machines that are not optimal is one of the factors that decreases machine productivity which will cause losses. One method that can be used is Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Determining the time of production loss can use overall equipment effectiveness as a metric in evaluating equipment that affects the total cost of production. The human factor is the cause of downtime, work fatigue causes negligence in operating the machine. Machine constraints include engine blockage, sugar tobacco causing the conveyor belt to break because the sugar crust sticks to the belt which causes it to break easily. Other influences from the environment, namely temperature, hot engine temperatures can cause overheating. Another thing is electrical interference, because most of the machines use electricity as their prime mover. In the threser unit in the KAREB cooperative there are many things that interfere with the effectiveness of the machine. OEE calculations in May 2022 obtained a value of 11.81% which is not in accordance with world class standards. This is due to the large amount of damage in that month which makes production effectiveness decrease. The quality value has a defect amount which has a value of 0%. The biggest downtime is in week 3 where there are many production processes so that the machine experiences problems.

Burnout and fatigue amongst internal medicine residents: A cross-sectional study on the impact of alternative scheduling models on resident wellness.

Fatigue and burnout are prevalent among resident physicians across Canada. Shifts exceeding 24 hours are commonly purported as detrimental to resident health and performance. Residency training programs have employed strategies towards understanding and intervening upon the complex issue of resident fatigue, where alternative resident scheduling models have been an area of active investigation. This study sought to characterize drivers and outcomes of fatigue and burnout amongst internal medicine residents across different scheduling models. We conducted cross-sectional surveys were among internal medicine resident physicians at the University of Alberta. We collected anonymized socioeconomic demographics and medical education background, and estimated associations between demographic or work characteristics and fatigue and burnout outcomes. Sixty-nine participants competed burnout questionnaires, and 165 fatigue questionnaires were completed (response rate of 48%). The overall prevalence of burnout was 58%. Lower burnout prevalence was noted among respondents with dependent(s) (p = 0.048), who identified as a racial minority (p = 0.018), or completed their medical degree internationally (p = 0.006). The 1-in-4 model was associated with the highest levels of fatigue, reported increased risk towards personal health (OR 4.98, 95%CI 1.77-13.99) and occupational or household harm (OR 5.69, 95%CI 1.87-17.3). Alternative scheduling models were not associated with these hazards. The 1-in-4 scheduling model was associated with high rates of resident physician fatigue, and alternative scheduling models were associated with less fatigue. Protective factors against fatigue are best characterized as strong social supports outside the workplace. Further studies are needed to characterize the impacts of alternative scheduling models on resident education and patient safety.

The Relationship Between The Level Of Midwife Satisfaction With Improving The Quality Of MCH Services In The Working Area Of Muara Dua Health Center In Lhokseumawe City

The background of this study is the complexity of factors that affect midwives' job satisfaction, especially at Muara Dua Health Center, Lhokseumawe. Job satisfaction is related to motivation, continuing education, salary and benefits, management, tasks, work environment, workload, and moral satisfaction. The characteristics of motivational factors are distinguished between intrinsic characteristics such as challenge, recognition, autonomy, work, and responsibility that determine job satisfaction. Extrinsic characteristics such as salary, security in work, working conditions. Job dissatisfaction can lead to delays and absences, inability to conduct proper checks, work fatigue. To determine the relationship between the level of midwife satisfaction with improving the quality of maternal and child health services at the Muara Dua Health Center in Lhokseumawe City. The study was conducted on 55 samples of midwives at the Blang Muara Dua Health Center, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe City, with a comfortable cross-sectional work design, giving satisfaction to 14 midwives (58.3%) and 10 uncomfortable people (41.7%). Meanwhile, 31 respondents were satisfied with a comfortable work environment by 19 people (61.3%) and dissatisfied with an uncomfortable work environment by 12 people (36.7%). Based on statistical tests on bivariate analysis with the Exact Fisher test at a 95% confidence level, a value of P = 0.084 (p < 0.05) was obtained, meaning that there was no significant relationship between a comfortable work environment and the level of midwife satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between the distribution of service fees in accordance with midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. At the same time, there is no meaningful relationship between the comfort of the work environment and the level of midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. There is a significant relationship between the distribution of tasks and midwife satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. There is no significant relationship between leadership elements and midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services.

Nighttime working as perceived by Italian anesthesiologists: a secondary analysis of an international survey

BackgroundNo data are available on the working conditions and workload of anesthesiologists during perioperative nighttime work in Italy and on the perceived risks.ResultsWe analyzed 1085 responses out of the 5292 from the whole dataset. Most of the responders (76%) declared working a median of 12 consecutive hours during night shifts, with an irregular nightshift schedule (70%). More than half of the responders stated to receive a call 2–4 (40%) or 5 times or more (25%) to perform emergency procedures and/or ICU activities during night shifts. More than 70% of the responders declared having relaxation rooms for nighttime work (74%) but none to be used after a nightshift before going back home (82%) and no free meals, snacks, or beverages (89%). Furthermore, almost all (95%) of the surveyed anesthesiologists declared not having received specifical training or education on how to work at night, and that no institutional program has been held by the hospital to monitor fatigue or stress for night workers (99%). More than half of the responders stated having the possibility, sometimes (38%) or always (45%), to involve another colleague in difficult medical decisions and to feel comfortable, sometimes (31%) or always (35%), to call the on-call colleague. Participants declared that nighttime work affects their quality of life extremely (14%) or significantly (63%), and that sleep deprivation, fatigue, and current working conditions may reduce performance (67%) and increase risk for the patients (74%).ConclusionsItalian anesthesiologists declare current nighttime practice to negatively affect their quality of life, and their performance, and are thus concerned for their patients’ safety. Proper education on night work, starting from traineeship, and implementing institutional programs to monitor stress and fatigue of operators and to support them during nighttime work could be a mean to improve nighttime work conditions and safety for both patients and healthcare workers.

Factors that cause Work Fatigue among Shipyard Workers

Highlights: 1. The focus of this study was on the underlying factors of fatigue among shipyard workers, an area that necessitatesfurther research to attain ideal standards in occupational health and safety.2. This study can provide companies with material to use when counseling workers on the importance of a healthynutritional intake in preventing fatigue. Abstract Work fatigue remains a prevalent issue among workers in shipyards, leading to detrimental effects on physical well-being, including a decline in body resistance and productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, nutritional status, working period, physical workload, noise, and lighting with fatigue levels among hull construction workers. This observational study used a cross-sectional approach with a total population of 112 individuals working in the production line of the Warship Division of a shipbuilding company. The sample size in this study was determined using stratified random sampling, resulting in an assembly of 53 samples. Proportionate stratified random sampling was then employed to determine the sample size for each subgroup of the population. The research data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test (p<0.005). This study found a significant relationship between work fatigue and nutritional status (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.511). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between work fatigue and physical workload (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.531). Noise and work fatigue showed a significant relationship (p=0.010), with a weak positive relationship (r=0.353). Lighting and work fatigue showed a significant relationship as well (p=0.000), but with a moderately negative relationship (r=-0.524). On the other hand, work fatigue did not exhibit any significant relationship with age (p=0.129) or working period (p=0.651). This study establishes a relationship between work fatigue and numerous factors, including nutritional status, physical workload, noise, and lighting. However, age and working period are not related to work fatigue. Thus, it is recommended that companies align job requirements with employees' work capacity and conduct regular assessments of noise and lighting conditions to mitigate work-related fatigue.

MOTIF PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI TIKTOK PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI ANGKATAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN

Technological capabilities in the current era are very advanced as a result of the times. One form of technological development that is currently widely used by all groups including students is the TikTok application. This study aims to determine how the motives for using the TikTok application in students of the Communication Science Study Program Class of 2019, Mulawarman University. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and uses the Uses and Gratification theory. The techniques used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and documentation. There are three informants obtained through purposive sampling technique. Data processing in this study used data analysis techniques from Matthew B. Miles and Michael Huberman. Based on the results of the study, the motives that encourage the use of the TikTok application by students of the Mulawarman University Communication Science study program are relevant to the theory of media use motives expressed by McQuail, that there are four motives that become the reasons and encouragement of students choosing to use the TikTok application, namely diversion motives, personal relationship motives, personal identity motives, and surveillance motives. With the results showing that the dominant motive for using the TikTok application is as a diversionary motive related to the desire to escape from daily problems, release work fatigue, and the desire to seek entertainment or diversion.

Pengaruh Job Burnout terhadap Turnover Intention pada Generasi Milenial Indonesia

Employee intention to leave is an individual's attitude to leave the organization because of fatigue at work, so it makes the intention to leave the company. This study has the goal of knowing the conditions and effects of work fatigue on employee intention to leave in the millennial generation in Indonesia so that it can enrich understanding and thinking about the effect of work fatigue on employee intention to leave, as well as being a company reference in determining strategies to minimize the level of employee intention to leave. The method used is a causal descriptive technique with a quantitative approach. The population of this study is the Indonesian millennial generation. The research sample is three hundred and sixty respondents—data collection using online questionnaires and Structural Equation Model data analysis tools. This study concludes that work fatigue positively and significantly affects employee intention to leave. Thus, it is suggested that the company can seriously handle work fatigue so that there is no intention to leave the company.

The Influence of Work Environmental Risk Factors on Fatigue in The Construction Industry: A Review of Literature

Introduction The construction workers are performing manual tasks in harsh conditions. Various environmental risk factors could have significant influence on work fatigue. Methods This review article discussed the environmental causal factors which involved in work fatigue development in the occupational health perspective, with the aim in enhancing the body of knowledge specifically in the construction industry so that mitigation measures and interventions can be formulated and implemented for fatigue prevention and productivity enhancement. Results Data derived from a total of 11 relevant articles identified climatic heat, vibration and elevation change as the major risk factors that associated with work fatigue. The mechanism of the environmental factors’ influences on muscle, mental and visual fatigue were understood, pointedly the underlying physiological alteration. Additionally, appropriate preventive measures in accordance to the OSHA guides including work-break cycles, work management, cool-down arrangements with drinking water were discussed. The limitation of existing OSH requirements on work limits at heat exposure was recognized, including the lack of consideration on personal characteristics therefore might inaccurately estimate the personal heat tolerance time. Conclusions The proper understanding of the environmental stressors and its impact on workers production and safety performance may help construction organisations and regulatory body to develop strategies for workers protection and fatigue-related accidents prevention. Keywords Environmental influence - Risk factors - Fatigue - Construction

The impact of Long COVID, work stress related to infectious diseases, fatigue, and coping on burnout among care providers in nursing home: A cross-sectional correlation study

Purpose: An increasing number of nursing home are being established because of the increased demand for treatment and care of older adults with chronic diseases related to population aging. This study aimed to examine the impact of Long COVID, infectious diseases-related to work stress, fatigue, and coping on burnout among care providers in nursing home during the persistent COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 168 care providers, including nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers working in nursing home between July 22 and August 12, 2022 were polled by a questionnaire survey. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analyses via SPSS 21.0. Results: The prevalence of Long COVID-19 among care providers in nursing home was 85.7%, with a mean burnout score of 2.59 out of 5. Work stress related to infectious diseases (β=.27, p=.002) and infection control fatigue (e.g., fatigue related to complexity of nursing duties and shortage in employees [β=.51, p=.019], conflicts caused by uncertain situations and a lack of support [β=.50, p=.012]) were the variables that significantly associated with burnout. Conclusion: It is crucial to actively explore strategies for reducing overall work stress, anxiety, and fatigue, particularly related to infection management to alleviate burnout among care providers in nursing home. Our findings provide fundamental data for the development of interventions and policies to prevent care providers’ burnout, thus enabling the provision of high-quality care in nursing home.

Exploring the Impact of Workload And Fatigue on Work Productivity Among Workers of the Makassar New Port Toll Access Road Project

Objective: Fatigue is a combination of a decline in mental and physical performance that leads to lower morale and subsequently lower productivity at work. This study attempts to ascertain the impact of workload and weariness on job productivity in Makassar New Port Toll Access Road Project construction workers. Method: The research design was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 146 workers selected by accidental sampling. Chi-square test was used to examine the acquired data in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate settings utilizing path analysis. Results: Then, it results showed that there is a relationship between physical workload and productivity (p=0.003), mental load affects work productivity (p=0.007), work fatigue affects work productivity (p=0.045), physical workload affects work fatigue (p=0.016), mental load on work fatigue (p=0.046). Based on the intervening test, physical workload has a direct effect on work productivity through job fatigue (p=0.003), mental load has a direct effect on work productivity through job fatigue (p=0.007) and physical workload has an indirect effect on work productivity through job fatigue (p=0.031), mental load has an indirect effect on work productivity through job fatigue (p=0.026). Conclusion: Furthermore, there is a significantly impacted by workload and work exhaustion. More investigation is being done on additional variables that may impact output at work. Implication of the research: This research can contribute to increasing public awareness of existing hazards that can impact health and productivity in the workplace. The results of this study can help employees and the general public by educating them about the elements that can lead to excessive workload, job burnout and reduced work productivity. Originality: This journal presents a study of physical and mental workloads on productivity in toll road construction workers. considering that previous studies have mostly discussed factory workers or employees, there are very few discussions in the construction sector regarding physical and mental loads simultaneously. This study discusses the relationship between physical and mental loads on productivity either through fatigue or not. these findings explain the importance of maintaining physical and mental health for construction workers so that workers remain productive at work.

Analisis Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Stres Kerja, Kelelahan Kerja, dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Medis

Doctors and nurses play role in achieving goals of hospital, optimal service. They’re must pay attention to resulting performance. Each individual has different workload related to fatigue and work stress, and supported by work environment. The purpose of this study is to determine level of independent variables and their impact on performance, along with recommendations. The method used is multiple linear regression of results by questionnaire distributed to 57 doctors and 174 nurses. The results of analysis showed that average value of mental workload was 3.60 in high category, work stress was 83.37 in moderate category, fatigue was 29.61 in moderate category, work environment was 22.16 in good condition, and performance was 8.40 in high category. Simultaneously the independent variables have a significant influence on performance of doctors and nurses with an Fcount of 29.481. Partial workload has positive and significant effect on performance with Tcount of 3.372. Work stress has negative and significant effect with Tcount of -3.709. Work fatigue also has negative and significant effect with Tcount of -3.805. Work environment has positive and significant effect with Tcount of 6.766. Optimizing performance can be done by controlling administrative hazards that adjust to hospital policies that have previously implemented.

Supporting Return to Work after Breast Cancer: A Mixed Method Study.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer in the world. Most BC survivors (BCSs) continue working while dealing with cancer-related disabilities. BCSs' return-to-work (RTW) after cancer treatment is an important stage of their recovery and is associated with a higher survival rate. In this study, we addressed the RTW of BCSs with the intention of facilitating this process through direct action in the workplace. Thirty-two women who requested assistance from January to December 2022 were enrolled in the study. Semi-structured interviews and medical examinations were conducted by a team of three physicians. Interviews were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Moreover, a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the health status of BCSs with that of a control group of 160 working women, using standardized questionnaires on work ability, fatigue, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and happiness. BCSs were also asked to rate the level of organizational justice they perceived at work prior to their illness. From the qualitative analysis emerged three facilitating/hindering themes: (1) person-related factors, (2) company-related factors, and (3) society-related factors. In the quantitative analysis, BCSs had significantly higher scores for anxiety, depression, sleep problems and fatigue, and lower levels of happiness than controls. The RTW of BCSs entails adapting working conditions and providing adequate support. The work-related analysis of each case made it possible to highlight the measures that need to be taken in the workplace to promote RTW. The treatment of cancer should be paired with advice on the best way to regain the ability to work.

Fatigue and somatization in shift-workers: Effects of depression and sleep

ObjectiveWe investigated the differences in fatigue and somatization between shift and non-shift workers and explored the effects of sleep and depression on fatigue and somatization in shift workers. MethodsIn total, 4543 shift workers and 2089 non-shift workers completed self-reported questionnaires. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-item version (SCL-SOM) were used to measure depression, sleep quality, fatigue, and somatization, respectively. Fatigue and somatization were compared between shift and non-shift workers after controlling for different sets of covariates. ResultsCompared to non-shift workers, shift workers reported higher FSS (mean difference: 2.19 ± 0.30, p < 0.01) and SCL-SOM (mean difference: 1.77 ± 0.21, p < 0.01) scores after controlling for age, gender, presence of medical illness, occupational category, monthly income, length of service, and weekly working hours. The between-group difference in FSS score was no longer significant after additionally controlling for CES-D (p = 0.15) or PSQI (p = 0.18). The between-group difference in SCL-SOM score showed only non-significant trends after additionally controlling for CES-D (p = 0.09) or PSQI (p = 0.07). The group difference in SCL-SOM scores disappeared after controlling for both CES-D and PSQI scores (p = 0.99). ConclusionsShift workers had higher fatigue and somatization levels than non-shift workers and the group difference was associated with disturbed sleep and depressed mood in shift workers.

Association between Muscle Fatigability, Self-Perceived Fatigue and C-Reactive Protein at Admission in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients.

Background: The capacity to perceived vitality (CPV) ratio is a novel measure for intrinsic capacity or resilience based on grip work and self-perceived fatigue. CPV has been associated with pre-frailty in older adults and post-surgery inflammation in adults. To better understand the utility of this measure in a frail population, we examined the association between CPV and inflammation in geriatric inpatients. Methods: Data were obtained from 104 hospitalized geriatric patients. The average age of participants was 83.3 ± 7.5 years, and 55.8% of participants were women. In the cross-sectional analyses, associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), grip work (GW), self-perceived fatigue (SPF) and the CPV ratio (higher values indicate better capacity) were examined using linear regression adjusted for confounders. Results: The adjusted association between CRP (abnormal vs. normal) and the CPV ratio was not statistically significant (B = -0.33, 95% CI = -4.00 to 3.34). Associations between CRP and GW (B = 25.53, 95% CI = -478.23 to 529.30) and SPF (B = 0.57, 95% CI = -0.64 to 1.77) were also not statistically significant. Similar results were found in unadjusted models and analyses of cases with complete data. Conclusions: In this frail group of geriatric inpatients, inflammation, routinely assessed with CRP, was not associated with CPV or its components, GW and SPF. Further research is needed to explore whether CPV is a useful indicator of frailty or recovery capacity in hospitalized geriatric patients.

What Is The Relationship Between Job Stress and Work fatigue Among Construction Workers? A Cross-Sectional Study

Job fatigue is the leading cause of job-related accidents and illnesses among construction worker who operate in physically and psychologically demanding situations. Job stress is one of the elements that contribute to job fatigue. Job stress and work fatigue-related emotional symptoms significantly influence worker job satisfaction. This study aimed to discover the link between job stress and fatigue in construction worker. A cross-sectional study design was employed for the research, with 30 participants drawn using the total sampling methodology. This type of primary data was gathered by distributing questionnaires in April 2023. Work stress was evaluated using the Work Stress Diagnostic Survey questionnaire in line with Permenaker No. 5 of 2018, while work Fatigue was measured using the IFRC's Subjective Self Rating Stress questionnaire. The frequency distribution test was used to examine data univariately, while the Chi-Square test was used to analyze data bivariately. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents (63.3%) had a low level of fatigue, with the variables related to work fatigue being quantitative overload (p=0.009) because workers need to carry out measurements and mark exact locations, and project managers need to calculate the estimated time for various stages of work, and career development with (p=0.047) because the construction sector has a rigid structure, where promotion is seen as a result of education and work experience There is no correlation between job fatigue and role ambiguity, role conflict, qualitative overload, and obligation to others. It was shown that quantitative overload and professional advancement are linked to fatigue in construction workers. &#x0D;

Smart Robotic Exoskeleton: Constructing Using 3D Printer Technique for Ankle-Foot Rehabilitation

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, and coronavirus patients must undergo a rehabilitation process involving programmed exercises to regain their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). This study focuses on the rehabilitation of the foot-ankle joint to restore ADL through the design and implementation of a rehabilitation exoskeleton with three degrees of freedom (abduction/adduction, inversion/eversion, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion movements). increase the patients cause worker fatigue, emotional exhaustion, a lack of motivation, and feelings of frustration, all contributing to a decrease in work efficacy and productivity. The robotic exoskeleton was developed to overcome this limitation and support the medical rehabilitation section. The main goal of this study is to develop a portable exoskeleton that is comfortable, lightweight, and has a range of motion (ROM) compatible with human anatomy to ensure that movements outside of this range are minimized, the anthropometric parameters of a typical human lower foot have been considered. In addition, it's a home-based rehabilitation device which means the exoskeleton can be used in any environment due to its lightweight and small size to accelerate the rehabilitation process and increase patient comfort. The proposed autonomous exoskeleton structure is designed in Solid Works and constructed with polylactic acid (PLA) plastic, the reason PLA was chosen is its lightweight, available, stiff material, and low cost, using 3D printing technology the exoskeleton was manufacturing. Electromyography (EMG) and angle data were extracted using EMG MyoWare and gyroscope sensors, respectively, to control the exoskeleton. It was evaluated on its own then with 2 normal subjects and 17 patients with stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and coronavirus. The limitation that has been faced was that the sessions were limited due to the limited time provided for the study. According to the improvement rate, the exoskeleton has a significant impact on regaining muscle activity and improving the range of motion of foot-ankle joints for the three types of patients. The rate of improvement was 300%, 94%, and 133.3% for coronavirus, SCI, and stoke respectively. These results demonstrate that this exoskeleton can be utilized for physiotherapy exercises.