Fate Of Children Research Articles

Mountain Captivity and Its Impact on the Marital, Family, and Religious Life of the North Caucasus Border Population in the First Half of the 19th Century

The article reveals the features of North Caucasian everyday life in the first half of the 19th century and the fate of people who suffered from the raids of the highlanders. The main attention is paid to the consequences of the destruction of families as a result of the loss of one of the spouses who was captured. The practice of entering into a new marriage and the attitudes of the Church to allowing a second wedding is shown. Based on the materials identified and first introduced into scientific circulation, the process of verifying the information presented in the petition for the conclusion of a new union, and the final result of such a procedure, is demonstrated. Participants in such proceedings included both men who had lost their wives and women who had forfeited their spouses and lost hope of their return from captivity in the mountains. The fate of children who found themselves in a foreign ethnic environment and over time left out their former national and religious identity is presented. Once acculturated, they often remained among their captors, adopting their lifestyle and mental attitudes. There were also examples of returning to one’s cultural roots, including in matters of faith. Religious affiliation was considered as the most important element of a person’s self-identification. The Church sought to preserve its flock and in this it found support from the official authorities.

World War II, the Paranormal, and Literature in Communist Poland: Unpublished Short Stories by Władysław Smólski

Władysław Smólski began his writing career as an author of plays and humoresque works. Between 1939 and 1945, he was involved in helping Jews. Smólski described his war experiences in two autobiographical texts Losy dziecka: Opowieść wojenna wojenna [1961; A Child's Fate: A War Story] and Zaklęte lata [1964; Enchanted Years]. However, not all of his works have been published. The paper examines Smólski's unpublished volume of short stories, Magie [Magic], whose manuscript is stored at the National Library in Warsaw. In the first part of the paper, I introduce crucial facts of Władysław Smólski's biography, with reference to the atmosphere of the interwar period. The second part discusses the formal features of the stories comprising the volume Magic and possible reasons why the volume have not been published. The third part of the article examines selected short stories, focusing on the representation of war and functions of the paranormal.

The fate of children who are victims of domestic violence

Even if the child is not the direct victim of domestic violence, he or she may still suffer the effects of the violence, especially when it occurs during pregnancy. This trauma has three important consequences, of which the child is both a witness and a victim: the experience of catastrophe, which follows the fear aroused by the violence, the process of identification with the victim and the process of identification with the aggressor. This affects the attachment between the supposedly protective parent, usually the mother, and the child.

TO STUDY OUTCOME OF FLUID BOLUS IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN

Introduction: In paediatric intensive care medicine, proper uid management in critically sick children who are mechanically ventilated continues to be a signicant issue and a hotly debated subject. However, there is currently no global agreement on uid management or removal techniques. A growing body of research demonstrates that excessive uid administration to critically ill patients beyond the resuscitation period is linked to negative outcomes. This study was done to assess the sodium and bicarbonate Objectives: levels in mechanically ventilated critically ill children and the effect of normal saline uid resuscitation. This is a retrospect Materials And Methods: ive study done in the PICU of a tertiary care centre. A total of 10 children admitted who required ventilation and uid resuscitation were studied. Many of the admitted children had Results: electrolyte imbalance at admission. The existence of electrolyte imbalance at admission, however, is the best predictor of mortality because such abnormalities aggravate the course of illness, regardless of the fundamental disease process. Regardless of the original illness Conclusion: process, the presence of electrolyte imbalance at the time of admission is a key prognostic signal in critically unwell children and has to be quickly treated as it may actively affect the child's fate and length of hospital stay.

현대 사회의 출산택일 문화에 대한 연구

The purpose of this paper is to review the traditional culture of childbirth selection from the current perspective. The Taek-il culture in history was centered on the royal family in the early days, centering on weddings and awards that receive good days, but as time passed, it was passed on to the four masters and the private sector, and it has become a custom. However, unlike general selection days, in the case of childbirth selection days, the process of making a good fortune was included. Therefore, it is remarkably different from the selection of traditional culture, and the source was not found in old books. Even in modern society, there is a lot of publicity from reverse artists, and the demand for parents who want to present a good life is increasing in the era of low birth rates. Can a child's fate be changed by the fortune-telling made through childbirth options? I can't conclude this. However, at least it should be prioritized to provide correct information with a critical consciousness, not blind acceptance of tradition. After that, we hope to reinterpret the tradition and derive a modern acceptable alternative in the academic world based on it.

W poszukiwaniu pola współpracy badawczej adwersarzy. Prawne aspekty alkoholowych uszkodzeń płodu

Disputes and even conflicts regarding the legal situation of the fetus (unborn child) justify the need for debate also among lawyers. Apart from the areas of extreme controversy, there are also such areas where research cooperation seems possible. The fate of children affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is one that should be of concern to all. The paper outlines the medical, economic and social context of FASDs. Against this background, the legal aspects of these damages are presented through the prism of Polish criminal, civil and administrative law, including draft legal solutions. The author justifies the thesis on the need to use non-penal legal instruments to counteract the causes of FASDs, in order to complement educational, informational and support activities undertaken for the same purpose.

Children and the Great Hunger in Ireland, edited by Christine Kinealy, Jason King, and Gerard Moran

Reviewed by: Children and the Great Hunger in Ireland ed. by Christine Kinealy, Jason King, and Gerard Moran Amy E. Martin (bio) Children and the Great Hunger in Ireland, edited by Christine Kinealy, Jason King, and Gerard Moran; pp. xxxiii + 293. Hamden, CT and Cork: Quinnipiac University Press, 2018, $29.00. Since the 1990s, there has been a veritable explosion of scholarly studies of the Great Famine in Ireland (An Gorta Mór in the Irish language) approaching the catastrophe and ensuing trauma from a variety of disciplinary frameworks. What began as a largely historiographical project—to recuperate and to document the human losses due to food scarcity and starvation between 1845 and 1852 and to develop arguments about its causes—has expanded to many fields and to the consideration and analysis of numerous archives. However, as Christine Kinealy, Jason King, and Gerard Moran, the editors of Children and the Great Hunger in Ireland, rightly contend, children's experiences of the Irish Famine, their subsequent emigration, and their central place in contemporaneous and later literary and cultural representations of the Great Famine have received scant attention in the scholarly works of the last three decades. That absence is striking on its own. It is all the more so when we bear in mind developments in childhood studies in Ireland and recent urgent attention to infants and children propelled by inquiries into the Magdalene Laundries, Irish child homes, and other church-run institutions in which abuse and high infant and child mortality occurred. These contexts make this volume an especially important contribution to our understanding of the Great Famine itself and the ways in which this cataclysm dramatically changed the cultural, social, linguistic, religious, and demographic landscape of Ireland and the Irish diaspora to the present. This volume is multidisciplinary in unexpected and exciting ways, but it opens with a series of primarily historical essays that establish the experiences and fate of children during the Famine, in particular the many who ended up in workhouses established by [End Page 572] the Irish Poor Law of 1838. While there is some unnecessary overlap in these contributions, they do an excellent job of setting the stage for the remainder of the collection. In particular, the juxtaposition of Kinealy's reading of firsthand accounts of the suffering of children with the more quantitative and bureaucratic-focused work of Moran and Simon Gallaher provides a rich and multifaceted foundation for what follows. In a fine essay on children abandoned in workhouses for the two decades after the Famine, Gallaher posits workhouses as sites of biopolitical experimentation concerning the management and containment of parentless children. Another crucial intervention of this essay, and of several others in this collection, is the extension of a timeline of famine inquiry, arguing that the immediate impact, trauma, and multiple "scars" of the Famine continued into the 1850s and 60s and well beyond (52). This first section is rounded out by Jonny Geber's fascinating essay on how bioarcheology—the study of bones found at mass graves—can illuminate childhood physiological experiences of the Famine in ways that other methodologies cannot. Taken together, these opening contributions reveal the contours and the extremity of the physical and psychological suffering of children during the Famine in Ireland. The remaining essays in the volume are organized into two sections. The first focuses on children who immigrated to Canada as a result of the Famine. The specificity of this section is quite different from the other two in its concentration on one very particular instance in the history of famine emigration. At the same time, the cluster of essays functions as a kind of case study that elucidates the experiences of children who traveled across the Atlantic in coffin ships. Together and individually, these contributions provide a rich historiographical picture of the often harrowing lives of the Irish Famine orphans who were resettled in Eastern Canada as well as a vivid account of the institutions that managed them and determined their fates. These essays also provide larger insights beyond the specific context of Irish children who ended up in Quebec and New Brunswick. For example, Mark McGowan offers a transformative analysis of the ways that...

Muslim Community’s Interest towards the Rambut Gimbal Ritual in Dieng

Rambut Gimbal rituals in Dieng have occurred for a long time. Residents in the Dieng and its surroundings, including Muslims, enthusiastically organize and follow the ruwat ritual. This study describes the interest of the Muslim community in organizing and following the ritual of ruwat rambut gimbal and the factors that encourage it. The data collection in this study is by in-depth interviews and observations. In-depth interviews were conducted with the community members who participated in the ruwat, the organizers, and the person who did ruwat rambut gimbal. Observations were made in the implementation of the ruwat rambut gimbal rituals before the COVID-19 pandemic. The selection of informants using the snowball technique and the results of data collection were analyzed qualitatively. Community interest in the ruwat rambut gimbal ritual is influenced by the urge to earn income, entertainment/tourism facilities, preserving traditions, and local government support. While the factors for organizers and actors include belief in ancestral spirits, the fate of children, and traditions without regard to Islamic teachings that they know as Muslims.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ХУДУДЛАРИГА КЎЧИРИБ КЕЛТИРИЛГАН МЕҲРИБОНЛИК УЙЛАРИ (ИККИНЧИ ЖАҲОН УРУШИ ЙИЛЛАРИДА)

One of the most important issues in world history is the study of the fate of children during the Second World War, who were forced to leave their homes, cities and countries. This article, based on archival documents, highlights the historical process associated with the evacuation of orphanages from the front-line regions during the Second World War. The article also discusses the main issue of the resettlement of children in orphanages, in empty premises, as well as in families in Uzbekistan.Index Terms: Uzbekistan is a country of love, evacuation, orphanages,evacuation point, Red Army.

Armenian Genocide Survivors: The Strunga Orphanage in Romania

This article examines the history of the 200 children rescued from massacres that took place during the Armenian Genocide, who found shelter in Greater Romania (1918-1940), in the Strunga orphanage, which was open for three years, from 1923 to 1926. The Strunga orphanage history approach reflects the dimensions of humanitarian assistance in the Kingdom of Romania on the issue of Armenian refugees, particularly on the fate of children after the genocide. The reconstruction of this orphanage history is based on historical sources, such the Album of Orphans (1923), archive documents and articles from the contemporary press published by the Armenian minority in interwar Romania. In general, the humanitarian dimensions of Armenian community support in Romania offered the orphans the possibility of rehabilitation after the genocide and adaptation to the new social environment that Romania represented.

Paediatric left ventricular assist device and heart transplantation – a single centre experience

The fate of children with end-stage heart failure requiring transplantation in South Africa still remains dismal in 2020 due to the scarcity of available donor hearts, shortage of requisite expertise and lack of funding. This situation is worst for the younger and smaller sized children who cannot make it into the adult programmes utilising hearts of smaller sized donors. The introduction of the left ventricular assist device programme into one of the private hospitals in Johannesburg, Gauteng, as a bridge to heart transplantation gave some of these children a fighting chance and a return to some semblance of function while awaiting a new heart. The challenges faced when setting up such a programme are immense, the procedure itself is arduous and the kids face multiple trials and tribulations during the waiting period until they receive a new heart.

“This isn’t my real writing”: The fate of children’s agency in too-tight curricula

ABSTRACTIn this article, I adopt a practice theory consideration of student agency, that is, I consider students’ power to act on their interests and intentions, on their own inclinations; this will-to-act-on-the-world is central to becoming an active, adaptive participant across the life span. As practice theorist Shery Ortner has explained, none of us have unencumbered agency; we are all constrained and empowered by the institutional structures within which we live. Influenced by practice theory, I draw on ethnographic studies to examine the dynamics through which increasingly structured classrooms for young school children may dampen child agency or push it underground or out-of-school, thereby pushing out as well important dimensions of children’s intellectual energy. I conclude with a consideration of what makes young children’s composing, or any constructive and creative act, willful and intentional, that is, “real.”

Beyond the Politics of Inclusion: The Policy Environment and the Fate of Children with Disability in the Ghanaian Educational System

Abstract The 1992 constitution of Ghana and other national legislative instruments guarantee and promote free compulsory universal basic education for all Ghanaian children irrespective of their background. This has been the practice for many years. Even though these policies have chalked some successes, especially regarding school attendance and gender parity, there still remains some level of uncertainty as to whether all Ghanaian children, especially those with disabilities, benefit from these policies. Using secondary information available, the paper provides an overview of the existing legislative instruments that seek to promote the adoption of inclusive education policy in Ghana. Evidence from the literature reveals that there are restrictions within the current policy provisions which make inclusive education not possible for children living with disabilities. The paper concludes and recommends that there should be some modifications or new developments of inclusive education to enable the system to accommodate the diverse educational needs of children with disabilities.

A Mixed-Race Child's Fate Under the Chinese Exclusion Act: Lawrence Kentwell's Fight for Inclusion in Local Politics and Legal Profession

The infamous Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ostracized persons of Chinese descent and foreclosed the possibility for Chinese persons who were not born in the United States to obtain naturalization. This Article uncovers the story of Lawrence Klindt Kentwell, a Eurasian of English and Chinese descent who spent his formative years in Hawaii. Because of his Chinese blood, he was excluded from local politics in Hawaii and had no chance at entering the legal profession in the United States. The raw racism he experienced in the United States compelled him to identify strongly with his Chinese roots, leading him to leave his adopted home for good.

The Highlighted Life: The Humanistic Orientation of War Narration in Chinese Children’s Films of the New Period

Compared with earlier works in the genre, the narration of war in Chinese children’s films of the New Period (post1978) demonstrates a trend of transformation from political to humanistic orientation, which is closely related to the revival of humanism. Moving away from the traditional hero narrative, the creators of Chinese children’s war films have developed growth narratives that emphasise the complexity of human nature, cruel narratives of reflection, and playful narratives which make use of laughter and irony — all of which can be seen to be modes within the humanistic convention. These narratives re-examine the meaning of war and revolution, reflect deeply on the relationship between war and the fate of children, closely observe human feelings and human nature in war situations, and highlight the individual’s life against the backdrop of the course of history. Involving experimentation and innovation, such narratives of war of the New Period point to a deeper and more diversified development in Chinese children’s films, which though they provide a unique window into lives affected by war also hold up a mirror that reflects a global understanding of war and peace.

At the nation's doorstep: the fate of children in France born via surrogacy.

Surrogacy has been prohibited in France since the Court of Cassation condemned it on the grounds that ‘only merchandise can be the object of contracts’ (in 1991), and decided that ‘any contract concerning procreation or gestation on behalf of a third party is void’ (in 1994). French people who undertake surrogacy abroad act knowingly against French law. Once a child is born through surrogacy on foreign soil, except in rare cases, the birth is not included in the French register and the newborn is thus held at the gates of the national community. Most of these children have a foreign birth certificate and the nationality of their land of birth. This paper presents research currently in progress, and reports on interviews conducted in France with 28 families, 16 of which were formed by gay male couples, 11 by heterosexual couples and one by an unpartnered gay man. One surrogacy arrangement took place in Russia, one in Poland and one in India; the others were completed in North America (mostly in the USA but also in Canada). The research method and the characteristics of the families are described briefly, in addition to the legal, ethical and political context concerning surrogacy in France. The situation of the children born abroad through surrogacy is then analysed, to demonstrate that it is reminiscent of the historical assimilation of filiation with transmission of French nationality, from which children considered illegitimate have been excluded.

Boys as war heroes? Depicting German youth in Bernhard Wicki’s The Bridge (1959)

The fate of children became material for several German movies of the 1950s with children even appearing in the popular wave of war films. The Bridge (1959) whose cinematic narrative depicts seven schoolboys defending their village’s bridge against the Americans became the most acclaimed, as well as popular, war film of the decade. Focusing on the plight of German youth as a framework for analysis, I will demonstrate how The Bridge registers the cultural shift from a political to a psychological paradigm in the understanding of adolescent behaviour in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1950s. Furthermore, while The Bridge sidesteps the sensitive topics of the Holocaust and the Wehrmacht’s complicity with the Nazis like most other popular West German war films, it differs in its critique of the very possibility of a heroic narrative from its National Socialist past.

Ekskluzywizm ewangelikalny

Within the Christian theology of religions one distinguishes three basic paradigms: exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism. Pluralism considers all religions as equal ways of salvation leading to God. It denies that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world. Inclusivism maintains the unicity and salvivic universality of Jesus Christ, but affirms that explicit faith in Jesus Christ is not necessary for salvation for unevangelized people. Exclusivism is the view that Jesus Christ is the only Savior of the world and that one must believe God’s special revelation that culminates in the gospel of Christ in order to be saved. Evangelical theologians principally maintain this position. Interestingly enough, on the one hand they affirm that children who die in infancy (as well as people who are mentally incompetent) are included within the circle of God’s saving grace and will be saved; on the other hand, they say that since the first coming of Christ the only way of salvation is explicit faith in him.The article is divided into three parts. The first part examines the argument of those theologians about the fate of children who die in infancy and then compares it with the teaching of the Catholic Church expressed by the International Theological Commission in its document The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized (2007). The second part examines the biblical and theological arguments advanced by evangelical theologians in favor of exclusivism. In the third part these arguments are discussed from the perspective of Catholic theology. For Catholics as much as for evangelicals, there is no doubt that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world and that salvation has always been by grace through faith. The difference concerns the content of this saving faith. Must it have as its object an explicit knowledge of Jesus Christ, as is argued by the evangelical exclusivists?

The apple never falls far from the tree: siblings and intergenerational transmission among farmers and artisans in the Barcelona area in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

This article aims at studying the intergenerational transmission of status within farmers and artisans in the preindustrial area of Barcelona from a siblings’ attainment perspective in a context of impartible inheritance. The data source used are the Marriage License Books from the Barcelona's Diocese compiled in the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, which for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides a rich and continuous demographic and socioeconomic information through the use of the multilevel regression analysis. Our main findings points out the important family impact on the social fate of children. First-married children were the maximal inheritors of parental statuses in all social groups, especially for farmers and artisans, the former being more linked to ascription than the latter. However, farmers were found to be the group with the highest intergenerational occupational inheritance although artisans were who transmitted at most their social group. This divergent effect is due to the different strategies, or in a way a same strategy, used on non-first-married children to whom, families from the two social groups, when not able to transmit the same parental occupation, preferred to position the offspring in artisans’ careers thanks to a favourable context of a flourishing manufacturing industry at the countryside.

“And men ne'er spend their fury on a child” – killing children in Shakespeare's early histories

ABSTRACTThis essay offers a fresh reading of Shakespeare's preoccupation with the sacrifice of children to dynastic futurity in the first tetralogy, the three parts of Henry VI and Richard III. It shows how these plays blend psychological, metaphysical and political perspectives and veer from a world of disenchanted politics into the claustrophobic blood-feuding of classical tragedy. It argues that children in this world exist as figures in someone else's play; as royal pawns in adult power games they are the fragile vessels of dynastic ambition. The fate of children offers a spectacle of English history as a tragedy of failed succession, a viewpoint which not only politically troubles triumphant Elizabethan providentialism, but also reminds us of the existential role that children play in negotiating the fear of human mortality. It rereads Richard III against the earlier tetralogy to show how the ontological vulnerability of Richard is connected to the killing off of heirs. These dead children reveal the tragic precariousness of mortal existence precisely because they are the mystified objects of future promise.