Fatal Flaw Research Articles

Novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li) separator towards efficient Li+ fast-transfer for high-energy density and long-duration lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide (Li2Sn) transmembrane shuttling. To efficiently restrain chronic Li2Sn shuttle and expedite Li+ transfer, herein, a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li) separator preparation approach is recommended. Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer. Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li+ migrations, which constructs efficient Li+ fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li+ transfer rate to 9.4 times. Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li2Sn rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects. S(TMC@Lys-Li) replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth, endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries. Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods, high areal capacity, and fast charge, holding 78.1% retention after 500 cycles at 1 C. The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li) dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at 155 ℃, which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations. Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security, high-capacity density, and fast charge technology.

Fatal and non-fatal flaws in early-career researchers’ conference abstracts

Fatal and non-fatal flaws in early-career researchers’ conference abstracts

The ideal worlds objection

AbstractThe Ideal Worlds objection is an objection that purports to identify a potentially fatal flaw in some of our most influential moral theories: including, among others, rule consequentialism, Kant's Law of Nature Formula of the Categorical Imperative and Scanlonian contractualism. In this article, I offer an account of the objection, a survey of some of the ways defenders of affected theories have sought to avoid it, and the problems that those responses can encounter.

How to review a submitted dermatology manuscript.

Although much has been written about peer review science, practical advice on HOW to peer review articles is lacking, especially for Dermatology. This article aims to provide a practical, stepwise framework to support new reviewers. Step 1 involves a rapid read of the manuscript to get a feel of the topic and to clarify the study question and design. Step 2 is a thorough slower read, using an appropriate EQUATOR checklist. Step 3 is to organise your comments to authors into major and minor points in a constructive way, focusing on clarity of question, internal validity, external validity and whether interpretation fits with the results. Finally, make a recommendation to the editor, indicating whether the study is publishable with suitable revision or whether it contains some fatal flaws. We hope that this practical guide will encourage and help new reviewers to take on this rewarding and important scientific task for patient benefit.

Are your comments outdated? Toward automatically detecting code‐comment consistency

AbstractIn software development and maintenance, code comments can help developers understand source code and improve communication among developers. However, developers sometimes neglect to update the corresponding comment when changing the code, resulting in outdated comments (i.e., inconsistent codes and comments). Outdated comments are dangerous and harmful and may mislead subsequent developers. More seriously, the outdated comments may lead to a fatal flaw sometime in the future. To automatically identify the outdated comments in source code, we proposed a learning‐based method, called CoCC, to detect the consistency between code and comment. To efficiently identify outdated comments, we extract multiple features from both codes and comments before and after they change. Besides, we also consider the relation between code and comment in our model. Experiment results show that CoCC can effectively detect outdated comments with precision over 90%. In addition, we have identified the 15 most important factors that cause outdated comments and verified the applicability of CoCC in different programming languages. We also used CoCC to find outdated comments in the latest commits of open source projects, which further proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Beating around the bush over knowledge sabotage: the fatal flaw in increasing digital innovation ecosystem performance through innovation capability under technological turbulence

PurposeThe objective of this article is to analyze the mediating role of innovation capability—both radical and incremental—between technological turbulence and digital innovation ecosystem performance, considering the impact of cross-organizational knowledge sabotage. Despite the enthusiasm surrounding digitization, the high failure rate (80%) of digital transformation projects has received limited attention. This alarming statistic indicates a potential rise in opportunistic behaviors within organizations. We hypothesize that employees seeking to reduce the risk of being displaced by digital technologies, may not only hide knowledge, as previously observed, but also engage in knowledge sabotage by disseminating inaccurate information during the co-creation of digital innovations within the digital innovation ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed structural equation modeling to examine moderated mediation using survey data collected from 148 firms, mainly from sectors of high to medium levels of digital intensity.FindingsThe most significant finding indicates that cross-organizational knowledge sabotage considerably reduces the only mediating effect, namely that of incremental innovation capability.Originality/valueOur study presents a novel perspective by investigating the phenomenon of cross-organizational knowledge sabotage. Unlike prior research, which primarily identified the existence of knowledge hiding, our findings suggest that employees are not only willing to withhold information but also to disseminate inaccurate information to external partners. Consequently, our research extends the boundaries of the existing knowledge field by demonstrating that cross-organizational knowledge sabotage has repercussions that extend beyond intra-organizational impacts, as previously recognized. It also adversely affects the outcomes of collaborative work within the digital innovation ecosystem.

Evaluating the State of Leadership Research: Fatal Flaws or Growing Pains?

Evaluating the State of Leadership Research: Fatal Flaws or Growing Pains?

ENHANCE DOCUMENT VALIDATION UIPATH POWERED SIGNATURE VERIFICATION

Abstract—Signatures are widely used as a means of personal identification and verification. Many documents like bank cheques and legal transactions require signature verification. Signature-based verification of a large number of documents is a very difficult and time-consuming task. Consequently, an explosive growth has been observed in biometric personal verification and authentication systems that are connected with quantifiable physical unique characteristics (finger prints, hand geometry, face, ear, iris scan, or DNA) or behavioural features (gait, voice etc.). As traditional identity verification methods such as tokens, passwords, pins etc suffer from some fatal flaws and are incapable to satisfy the security necessities, the paper aims to consider a more reliable biometric feature, signature verification for the considering. We present a survey of signature verification systems. We classify and give an account of the various approaches that have been proposed for signature verification.

A new study on the flaws in positive leadership research

A new article, “A fatal flaw: Positive leadership style research creates causal illusions,” in The Leadership Quarterly finds that positive leadership approaches such as “authentic, ethical, and servant leadership” can’t be accurately measured, because they “conflate behaviors with subjective evaluations of leaders.” The writers, Thomas Fischer, Joerg Dietz and John Antonakis, claim that previously published positive research is therefore unreliable, and that “positive leadership style research is not only wrong but also practically futile” because it's impossible to separate out “concrete and learnable behaviors.”

Heavy atom-modified hemicyanine dyes as photosensitizer scaffolds combined with nitric oxide trigger the butterfly effect in tumor therapy

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is considered to be the fatal flaw of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), which severely reduces the overall therapeutic efficacy. Here, we developed a series of halogenated photosensitizers to address this issue. The results showed that the introduction of heavy atoms enhanced the spin-coupling effect of the photosensitizers and effectively improved the type I PDT (non-oxygen-dependent) efficiency. The preferred iodine-substituted photosensitizer NRh–I was used as the basic architecture, and further nitrosyl modification was performed to obtain the NO small-molecule prodrug, which was finally encapsulated with DSPE-mPEG5k to obtain a biocompatible NO nanophotocontrolled prodrug. By using the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR), the prodrug system can precisely target the lesion site, release a high concentration of NO by photocontrol, kill the tumor cells, and at the same time, cascade with ROS released with the same “time-space” precision to generate higher cytotoxicity, ONOO−, which generates a stronger targeted synergistic therapeutic effect. This “butterfly effect” strategy maximizes the effect of PDT and broadens the idea of translational medicine.

The LPST-Net: A new deep interval health monitoring and prediction framework for bearing-rotor systems under complex operating conditions

Accurate and science-based prediction of bearing performance degradation has been a principal concern and a critical challenge issue in the sector of Prognostics and Health Management in the industry as the solution to promote the engineering system's reliability, availability, and maintainability. Deep Learning (DL) methods are currently a hotspot in Prognostics and Health Management. Nonetheless, with complex operating conditions, existing forecast models still inevitably suffer from three fatal flaws. Firstly, dynamic modern industrial systems and harsh operational environments make the degradation data of the bearing-rotor system highly stochastic and nonlinear. Secondly, in practice, the bearing-rotor system failure process will be governed by complex failure dynamics and degradation mechanisms, resulting in degradation data characterized by intense temporal order. Thirdly, deep learning models use a multi-layer or cellular design containing numerous weights and biases, generating more computational overhead. To fill this research gap, a new deep interval health monitoring and prediction framework named Lightweight Probabilistic Spatiotemporal (LPST-Net) is proposed, which is integrated with the concepts of lightweight and interval prediction and is capable of state monitoring and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction for bearing-rotor systems under complex operating conditions. Mainly inspired by the improvement of the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU), this paper designs a time series variable prediction algorithm and derives a new formulation named Weight Diminish Recurrent Unit (WDRU). It dramatically reduces the training parameters of the proposed LPST-Net framework and improves the convergence speed while ensuring prediction accuracy. The degradation data are obtained under 2 actual and complex operating conditions of bearing-rotor system unbalance and high temperature. The three metrics show that the proposed LPST-Net framework can achieve high-precision point prediction, suitable prediction intervals, and reliable probabilistic prediction results. It is also verified that the proposed LPST-Net framework has superior performance and more practical application value compared with seven mainstream methods, such as (b)Squeeze-WDRU-GPR-Net.

Fatal flaws? Investigating the effects of machine translation errors on audience reception in the audiovisual context

ABSTRACT This study reports on an experiment where machine translation errors in subtitling are evaluated from the perspective of nine viewers who did not know the source language and seven viewers who were studying the source language. Screen recordings, think-aloud protocols, comprehension tests, and interviews were employed to explore participants’ responses and reactions to erroneous subtitles and to investigate how specific errors impacted comprehension and immersion in the viewing experience. The analysis identifies which errors were most noticed and to what extent those errors affected viewers’ trust in the subtitles. Errors causing significant misunderstanding and distrust are initially considered ‘fatal’, as they may halt viewer immersion and prompt disengagement from the audiovisual product. However, the findings highlight a remarkable tolerance of the uncertainty that results from errors, as viewers filter out misinformation or draw on other sources of information to construe and rectify their interpretations. This tolerance is explained in terms of a general trade-off with the enjoyment of the viewing experience, which varies in accordance with the viewer’s knowledge of the source language.

Historic British Royal Memes

Historic British Royal Memes

A fatal flaw: Positive leadership style research creates causal illusions

We argue and show empirically that constructs and measures of positive leadership styles, such as authentic, ethical, and servant leadership, are not veridical representations of leadership behaviors. Instead, these styles conflate behaviors with subjective evaluations of leaders. Labelling behaviors as, for example, “ethical” means evaluating leadership behaviors on positively valenced terms rather than describing these behaviors. Across four experiments, we show that positive leadership styles are outcomes that depend on non-behavioral, evaluative factors, such as information about a leader’s previous success or value alignment between leaders and followers. More importantly, the measures of these leadership styles create causal illusions by spuriously predicting objective outcomes, even when leader behaviors and other leader-specific factors are kept constant. Furthermore, these measures have predictive properties similar to those of a purely evaluative measure of leadership. In conclusion, our studies cast serious doubts on previous research claiming that positive leadership styles cause positive outcomes. Moreover, positive leadership style research is not only wrong but also practically futile because its constructs and measures are amalgams that do not isolate concrete and learnable behaviors. We call for a radical reorientation of leadership style research and sketch out options for more solid future research.

Fatal Flaws in Voice Research and How to Avoid Them, Part Two: Qualitative Studies

Abstract: This article is the second part of a two-part series examining so-called “fatal flaws” in voice science, with an emphasis on qualitative studies. This type of research looks for evidence to explore real-world phenomena, and asks questions like, “why?” or “I wonder what, or how?” The most common errors noted in qualitative studies include researchers’ overestimation of their expertise, failure to practice intellectual humility, failure to control for researcher bias, and privileging the “expert in the room” rather than participants’ perspectives. Interview protocols are examined, including a common method for ensuring trustworthiness called “member checking.” Recommendations for avoiding common errors in survey research, both qualitative and quantitative, are discussed.

Democracy's Fatal Flaw: Anonymity and the Normalization of Offence in John Dunton's Epistolary Periodicals

AbstractEpistolary periodicals associated with English coffee house culture have often been associated with Jürgen Habermas' model for the rise of the ‘bourgeois public sphere’. Habermas proposed this ultimately gave rise to the free articulation of public opinion and the emergence of democratic values. Written at a time of socio‐political upheaval, John Dunton's serial publications relied upon anonymous authorship, particularly his most famous periodical, the Athenian Mercury (1691–97), which pioneered the question‐and‐answer format and gave rise to many imitations. In the present era, we are witnessing democracy imperilled by the proliferation of AI‐driven ‘fake news’. This paper proposes that the origins of this phenomenon may be found in epistolary periodicals which normalized giving and receiving offence in print. The pernicious quality of anonymous print, free from personal accountability or consequences, embedded from its inception a fatal flaw in the project of constituting a democratic public sphere.

Evaluating Compressive Sensing on the Security of Computer Vision Systems

The rising demand for utilizing fine-grained data in deep-learning (DL) based intelligent systems presents challenges for the collection and transmission abilities of real-world devices. Deep compressive sensing, which employs deep learning algorithms to compress signals at the sensing stage and reconstruct them with high quality at the receiving stage, provides a state-of-the-art solution for the problem of large-scale fine-grained data. However, recent works have proven that fatal security flaws exist in current deep learning methods and such instability is universal for DL-based image reconstruction methods. In this paper, we assess the security risks introduced by deep compressive sensing in the widely-used computer vision system in the face of adversarial example attacks and poisoning attacks. To implement the security inspection in an unbiased and complete manner, we develop a comprehensive methodology and a set of evaluation metrics to manage all potential combinations of attack methods, datasets (application scenarios), categories of deep compressive sensing models, and image classifiers. The results demonstrate that deep compressive sensing models unknown to adversaries can protect the computer vision system from adversarial example attacks and poisoning attacks, whereas the ones exposed to adversaries can cause the system to become more vulnerable.

The Successful Integration of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) and Multicultural Theory: Drew Mendelson’s Psychotherapy with "Alice" and "Steve"

In reading Drew Mendelson’s case study, I am inspired and hopeful about the possibilities for our field to address diversity. Although there are many things to admire and discuss about Mendelson’s work, and many implications that it has for clinicians, I am choosing to focus this commentary solely on aspects of diversity, something that Mendelson clearly thinks and cares about, and something that the field is still learning how to integrate into treatment. I will discuss how Mendelson shared his knowledge of the challenges that later-life couples face, recognizing age as an aspect of diversity that needs more attention. Then I will discuss the couple that Mendelson treated and analyze how Mendelson used cultural competence to assess the role of diversity in their lives and to bridge differences between him and the couple and between the two partners. Given that Mendelson used Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) with this case, I will review the aspects of EFCT that appear to be quite useful for working with diverse couples, as well as a set of fatal flaws that hinder the ability of EFCT and other Western treatments to address diversity fully. Based upon those observations, I conclude with the reasons why I believe that Mendelson successfully integrated EFCT and multiculturalism to tailor treatment to the couple, "Alice" and "Steve."

Insight into the reasons for enhanced NH3-SCR activity and SO2 tolerance of Mn-Co layered oxides

Mn-based catalysts have a fatal flaw in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3, which is poor SO2 tolerance. In this work, we successfully fabricated Mn-Co layered double oxides (LDOs) by calcining the Mn-Co layered double hydroxides (LDHs) generated by a hydrothermal method using urea solution. The obtained Mn-Co LDO presents excellent catalytic activity and SO2 tolerance in the SCR reaction of NOx with NH3. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the special surface physicochemical properties endowed by its LDO structure, such as large specific surface area, more exposed active sites, relatively high Mn4+ and Oα/(Oα + Oβ) percentage, good reducibility, and abundant acidic sites. The enhanced SO2 tolerance can be ascribed to the weak adsorption energy of SO2 on Mn-Co LDO, which makes it difficult for SO2 to interact with the active sites. Furthermore, the NH3-SCR of NOx reaction that occurs on the surface of the MnCo-LDO follows both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms. This study shines light on the design of Mn-based de-NOx catalysts with excellent SO2 tolerance.

Tragedy of Monsters: Vampire Fears, Melodrama, and the Modern Horror

The contemporary understanding of the vampire trope is not solely a literary construct but also the outcome of its theatrical adaptations, often following closely after the publication of the seminal works that shaped the myth. Despite the occasional reading of vampires as tragic figures, works featuring these creatures have yet to be staged as tragedies, translating instead to melodramas and musicals. This article examines theatrical renditions of John Polidori’s “The Vampyre” (1819), Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), and Anne Rice’s Interview with the Vampire (1976) and The Vampire Lestat (1985), demonstrating that although these literary works offer varying interpretations of the vampire trope, they consistently diverge from the tragic form once thet are adapted for the stage. At the same time, vampires represent a world of post-tragic plots, where tragedy is impossible since they live too long after the tragic event had already occurred. Our theory is that the staging of vampire narratives coincides with historical contexts in which audiences experience disillusionment with tragedy’s promise of catharsis, opting instead to look to other dramatic formulas for a reflection of their times. While tragedies often depict the protagonist’s downfall due to an internal fatal flaw, vampire melodramas and musicals, in most cases, explore the collective trauma caused by external flaws, thus resonating more with the social and cultural milieu of their times.