Introduction In badminton, anthropometric characteristics and physical capacities are essential to meet playing demands across ages and sexes. The objective of this study was to investigate age- and sex-related differences in anthropometric characteristics and physical capacities among highly trained junior badminton players, focusing on differences between (i) under (U) 13, U15, and U17 age groups, and (ii) sexes within each age group. Materials and methods Sixty-two Indonesian highly trained junior badminton players were tested over two sessions for body height, weight, fat mass, and body mass index (BMI), as well as balance, reaction time, hand grip strength, counter movement jump (CMJ) height, linear and non-linear sprint times, and anaerobic sprint and multistage fitness test performances. Traditional (one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests) and alternative statistical approaches (magnitude-based inferences) as well as effect size (ES) calculations were applied for statistical analysis. Results Regarding age-related differences, in males, U17 players had a statistically significant and most likely higher BMI ( p = 0.001; ES = very large), as well as statistically significant and most likely superior CMJ height, linear sprint performance, fatigue index, and relative peak power than the U13 players ( p ≤ 0.003; ES = large to very large). In females, U17 players had a statistically significant and most likely higher BMI and body fat mass ( p ≤ 0.002; ES = large to very large), as well as statistically significant and very likely inferior non-linear sprint performance and relative peak power than the U13 players ( p ≤ 0.005; ES = large). For sex-related differences, in U17 and U15 players, males had a statistically significant and most likely lower body fat mass ( p = 0.001; ES = very large), as well as statistically significant and most likely superior linear sprint performance and relative peak power than females ( p = 0.001; ES = large to extremely large). Conclusion This study shows that anthropometric characteristics and anaerobic capacities differ by age and sex, whereas aerobic capacity is similar among Indonesian highly trained junior badminton players. These findings can support training, testing, and talent identification to help develop highly trained juniors into world-class badminton players.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia and fractures. We aim to assess changes in body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), and the occurrence of fractures in patients with COPD from a tertiary hospital. Forty patients with COPD (mean age 69.0 ± 7.5years; 21 women) who joined the cohort at baseline (November 2013 to December 2015) were reevaluated after a median follow-up of 58months (final assessment). BMD, appendicular lean mass (ALM), body fat (BF), and fat mass index (FMI) were measured using DXA, along with spine radiography with vertebral morphometry at both assessments. There was a significant increase in the rates of vertebral (22.5% versus 38.5%; P = 0.031) and non-vertebral (12.5% versus 17.5%; P < 0.001) fractures. Half of the fractures occurred in patients with a BMD T-score > -2.5. Notable decreases were observed in ALM (17.5 ± 4.0 versus 16.5 ± 4.1kg/m2; P < 0.001) and total femur BMD (0.901 ± 0.144 versus 0.862 ± 0.136g/cm2; P < 0.001), along with an increase in FMI (8.5 ± 5.4 versus 11.8 ± 5.8g/cm2; P < 0.001). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30ng/mL and baseline lumbar spine BMD were significant predictors of fat mass loss (OR = 8.33, 95% CI 1.16-59.93; P = 0.035) and bone loss at the spine (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10; P = 0.037), respectively. Higher airflow obstruction was a significant predictor for the combined outcome of bone loss and incident fracture (OR = 22.04, 95% CI 1.17-416.52; P = 0.039). Over a 5-year follow-up, COPD patients experience a significant loss of BMD and lean mass, along with increased adiposity and fractures.

This study examined the associations of fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), cachexia, and all-cause mortality in cancer patients, given the limited existing evidence on these relationships. This analysis included 3,247 subjects enrolled in a cohort study. Cox regression analyses calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Logistic models generated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Mediation effects of FMI and FFMI on the cachexia-mortality association were evaluated. FMI and FFMI were significantly associated with MetS and cachexia, respectively. FMI (HR [95% CI] = 0.96 (0.94, 0.99), p = 0.003), FFMI (HR [95% CI] = 0.94 (0.91, 0.97), p < 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality. FMI (proportion mediated%=10.21, p = 0.03) and FFMI (proportion mediated%=13.16, p = 0.016) mediate the correlation between cachexia and mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that FMI had a significant mediating effect in gastrointestinal cancer, while FFMI had a significant mediating effect in lung cancer. FMI and FFMI were positively correlated with MetS, negatively correlated with cachexia and mortality. FMI and FFMI mediate the association between cachexia and mortality, with FFMI having a higher mediating effect than FMI, however, the mediating effect was differentiated by tumor types.

To use compositional data analysis to examine the associations of daily movement behaviors with body composition, and to predict changes in body composition after reallocating time among behaviors in preschool-aged children. 268 preschoolers were included in the cross-sectional study. An accelerometer was used to assess sedentary behavior (SB), light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA). A parental report was used to collect sleep time. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was employed to assess body composition. Compositional linear regression analysis was employed to explore how daily movement behaviors were associated with body composition. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was employed to estimate changes in body composition after reallocating time among behaviors. 24-h movement behaviors composition significantly predicted fat-free mass index (FFMI), soft lean mass index (SLMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), but not fat mass index, percent body fat, and bone mineral content index. The compositional isotemporal substitution analyses consistently showed that increasing MVPA at the expenses of SB was positively associated with FFMI (+0.328 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.063~0.593), SLMI (+0.317 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.067~0.567), and SMMI (+0.254 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.091~0.417). These associations were asymmetrical: the predicted benefits to body composition from substituting SB with MVPA were smaller than the predicted detriments related to decreasing MVPA of the same magnitude. The findings highlight the importance of MVPA in improving preschoolers' body composition. Increasing MVPA at the expenses of SB may be a strategy to improve body composition in preschoolers.

BackgroundObesity and excessive body fat lead to metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. The fat mass index (FMI) has recently been recognized as a more sensitive measure of obesity than body mass index (BMI). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between higher FMI and alterations in platelet phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition, oxidative stress, and inflammation.MethodsCross-sectional study of adults aged 18–49 years attended an outpatient clinic National Osteoporosis Center from May 2023 till June 2024, who agreed to participate in the study. Exclusions: major chronic diseases, active cancer, pregnancy, weight-affecting medications, thyroid/adrenal disorders, and diabetes. The total body composition was assessed via DXA; FMI (kg/m²) was categorized as fat deficit, normal, excess fat, or obesity. Fasting blood was analysed for glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, and insulin; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) by HPLC; platelet phospholipid FA profile by GC/MS. FMI group differences were tested with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney. The Spearman coefficient was used to evaluate the associations.ResultsThe study included 169 participants (36.3 ± 6.25 years; 64.5% female). Across ascending FMI groups (fat-deficit to obesity), adverse metabolic shifts were observed: HDL-cholesterol declined from 1.8 to 1.3 mmol/L (p < 0.001), whereas triglycerides rose from 0.7 to 1.4 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and CRP from 0.3 to 2.4 mg/L (p < 0.001). In platelet phospholipid membrane, the proportion of polyunsaturated FAs increased with FMI (from 2.5% to 4.8%; p = 0.002), including ω3 (from 1.1% to 2.0%; p = 0.003) and ω6 (from 7.5% to 11.4%; p = 0.016). The ω6/ω3 ratio showed a weak positive association with LDL-cholesterol (ρ = 0.166; p = 0.040). Serum MDA increased across FMI groups (from 95.5 to 104.3 µg/L; p = 0.019) and correlated with the polyunsaturated FAs (ρ = 0.178, p = 0.027).ConclusionsAn elevated FMI is associated with altered platelet FA composition and increased OS. These changes may be early markers for metabolic and inflammatory dysregulations that underlie the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic risk. Moreover, platelet FA profiling could provide additional value for risk stratification in overweight individuals.

Introduction/Background: Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) typically develop pathologic changes in body composition (increased fat mass and decreased lean mass) as well as progressive fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium with age. These myocardial changes are clinically significant, as they contribute to the development of heart failure. In the general population, obesity and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RF) are linked to adverse myocardial changes (increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and left ventricular mass (LVM)) as well as increased CV morbidity and mortality. However, the influence of traditional atherosclerotic CV RF on adverse myocardial changes in individuals with DMD is poorly understood. Research Questions/Hypothesis: We aimed to determine the associations of atherosclerotic CV RF on LVM and EAT thickness on adolescents with DMD. Methods/Approach: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 72 males with DMD (mean age 16.1±2.5 years, 94% White) who underwent cardiac MRI and DEXA within a 3-month window between 2015–2022. Anthropometrics, DEXA, laboratory evaluation, and cardiac MRI were collected. LVM was indexed to BSA (LVMI) and EAT thickness was measured at the right atrioventricular groove at end diastole on four chamber CINE images. LVMI and TG:HDL ratio were log transformed to attain normality. Multiple linear regressions with backwards selection were performed to evaluate for which CV risk factors (fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), Hemoglobin A1c, LDL, and log(TG:HDL) ratio) significantly predict log(LVMI) and EAT with adjusting for race and age. Results: LMI, SBP, and age were significantly associated with increased log(LVMI) (R2 = 0.41). FMI and age were significantly associated with greater EAT thickness (R2 = 0.29). Hemoglobin A1c, LDL, and log(TG:HDL) were not significant therefore not retained in final models. Conclusions: SBP and body composition are associated with adverse CV changes in youth with DMD - lean mass and SBP with increased LVMI, and FMI with greater EAT. These findings underscore the importance of managing SBP and fat mass in this high-risk group. While lean mass contributes to LVMI, it remains critical to preserve motor function and quality of life. These results support incorporating CV risk assessment into routine DMD care to identify modifiable targets and help delay cardiac decline.

Corticosteroid, Parathyroid Hormone, and Body Composition Associations With Bone Density and Structure Following Kidney Transplantation.

The role of visceral fat mass in preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm): The Nagahama study.

Body mass, linear growth, and body composition before and after the introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor among children and adults with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Evaluating the difference in body fat distribution between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls may help to understand their roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objectives: To compare the body fat distribution of women with PCOS with that of healthy controls, and to investigate the association of these measurements with anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal profiles among PCOS patients. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in 50 reproductive-aged women with PCOS and 50 age-matched healthy controls in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU). Anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemical tests, and USG of the ovaries were done. Body fat distribution was measured by DEXA scan in Nuclear Medicine, BMU campus. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The frequency of obese participants was higher in the PCOS group than in the control group based on the fat mass index. Though the total body fat percentage was higher in women with PCOS, both groups were obese based on the cutoff point (total body fat% ≥35). PCOS patients showed higher android fat percentage and android-gynoid ratio (AGR). Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were higher in PCOS patients than in the controls. Almost all body fat indices were positively correlated with anthropometric parameters. AGR had a significant correlation with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with nearly all body fat metrics. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed no significant association between PCOS and body fat distribution after adjustment for age, modified Ferriman-Gallwey score, free androgen index, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Body fat distributions had no independent associations with PCOS. Body fat distributions correlated with anthropometric measurements and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. [J Assoc Clin Endocrinol Diabetol Bangladesh, 2025;4(Suppl 1): S45]

Cross-sectional study OBJECTIVES: Spinal cord disorders (SCD) in children are rare, but effects on body composition and functional outcomes can be significant. Little is known about bone health and pediatric SCD experiences. We therefore aimed to describe bone health and body composition following pediatric SCD, and characterize the condition based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Framework. The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia METHODS: Ten participants with SCD were recruited into a study exploring musculoskeletal outcomes. Whole-body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans for musculoskeletal and body composition analysis, and pain, activity, and participation questionnaires were administered. Body composition measured by DXA revealed lean tissue indices were decreased, and fat tissue indices were increased for all participants compared to age-matched controls. The centiles (mean ± SD) for Lean Mass Index and Appendicular Lean Mass Index for the whole cohort were 14 ± 25 and 8 ± 13, respectively, while the total cohort Fat Mass Index and Trunk/Appendicular Fat Mass Ratio centiles were 61 ± 31 and 69 ± 34, respectively. Bone mineral density levels at the spine were unchanged but decreased at the hip for all participants (Mean Z-score: -2.2 ± 1.0). Weight-bearing status influenced functional outcomes, with weight-bearing children tending to report higher levels of pain, activity and participation than non-weight-bearing children. We report novel body composition data and functional outcomes in children with SCD. This study provides a useful overview of the experiences of children with SCD at the Royal Children's Hospital, but larger scale studies are needed to generalize the results.

We tested whether elevated 1 h post-load glucose (1hPG) was associated with decreased leg fat (relative to body fat) and serum concentrations of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a rate-limiting enzyme for lipid storage in subcutaneous leg fat. Body fat mass and distribution, as measured by DXA, surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion inferred from serum insulin kinetics during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as well as serum adipokines and LPL, were assessed in 164 Japanese female university students and 94 middle-aged parents. They all had normal glucose tolerance. Students provided their birth weight. Elevated 1hPG was found in 6% of daughters and 22% of parents. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that log insulinogenic index (IGI) (OR: 0.031, 95% CI 0.003–0.30, p = 0.003) and serum LPL (OR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.98, p = 0.01) were associated with elevated 1hPG independently of serum adiponectin and birth weight in young Japanese. In middle-aged Japanese, the ratio of leg fat to body fat (OR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.97, p = 0.03), log IGI (OR: 0.002, 95% CI 0.00003–0.07, p = 0.001), and Matsuda index (OR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.96, p = 0.03) were related to elevated 1hPG independently of fat mass index, the ratio of trunk fat to body fat, LPL, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. A decreased amount of leg fat in middle-aged Japanese with elevated 1hPG may be explained hypothetically by a prolonged deficiency of LPL.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-21340-8.

Disclosure: E.M. Lewiecki: Amgen Inc, Kyowa Kirin, Ultragenyx, Angitia, Radius Health, Inc, Ascendis. E. Kapoor: Fresenius Kabi USA Inc., Astellas Pharma, Estetra SRL, WellFound Inc., Exeltis. S. Hurtado: None. V.M. Navarro: Bayer, Inc. M. Torres: Bayer, Inc. J. Beau: Bayer, Inc. I. Gkioni: Syneos Health LLC (providing service to Bayer), AstraZeneca. K. Genga: Bayer, Inc..Background: The neuropeptide substance-P and its receptor neurokinin-1 (SP-NK1R pathway) play a role in bone metabolism and remodelling. Pre-clinical evidence also points to a role of this pathway in energy homeostasis. NK-1R antagonists have been proposed as potential therapies in obesity and musculoskeletal disorders like osteoporosis. Elinzanetant (EZN) is a dual neurokinin-1 and -3 receptor antagonist in late-stage development for vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) associated with menopause. This post hoc analysis evaluates potential benefits of EZN on the skeleton, body weight, and body composition in postmenopausal women. Methods: Data were gathered from exploratory endpoints of the 52-week (wk), placebo (PL)-controlled, OASIS-3 Phase 3 EZN efficacy and safety trial. Mean percentage (%) change in total bone mass (kg) (measured indirectly by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline (BL), wks 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 52); mean % change in bone mineral density (BMD, measured directly by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at BL, wks 24 and 52) in femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine; and mean % change in key bone turnover markers osteocalcin (OC) and procollagen 1N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) at BL, wks 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 52 were evaluated. Weight, body mass index (BMI: weight/height2), waist circumference (WC), fat mass index (FMI; fat mass/height2), lean mass index (LMI; lean mass/height2) and body water were measured to monitor body composition at BL and wks 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 52. A sub-analysis was performed based on FMI at baseline (FMI ≤9 normal fat mass; >9 excess fat mass). Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate all parameters and trends. Results: From BL to wk 52, increasing trends in bone mass were observed with EZN (mean [SD]: 2.81 [1.02] to 2.95 [1.96]) but not PL (mean [SD]: 2.87 [1.09] to 2.87 [1.13]). In parallel, lower BMD reductions were seen in EZN vs PL at all skeletal sites [EZN vs PL, mean % change from BL: femoral neck (0.00% vs -1.22%), total hip (-0.70% vs -1.37%), and lumbar spine (-0.57% vs -1.22%), with considerable variability in both groups (SD range 3.01 - 4.70)]. Lower levels of circulating OC and P1NP were consistently observed over 52 wks of EZN treatment, suggesting a lower rate of bone resorption with EZN vs PL. Trending reductions in weight, BMI, and WC, along with increases in LMI and body water were observed with EZN vs PL. Trends of higher LMI in patients with excess fat, or lower FMI in patients with normal fat at BL were observed with EZN, suggestive of a positive body re-composition with EZN. Conclusions: These data expand on EZN safety profile and further point to novel potential benefits for the skeleton and body composition of postmenopausal women. Further research is warranted to provide conclusive evidence of the benefits of EZN specifically in post-menopausal women with obesity/overweight status or osteoporosis. Sponsorship: Bayer U.S., Whippany, NJ, USAPresentation: Monday, July 14, 2025

Abstract Disclosure: L.B. Farias: None. L.A. Gross: None. R. Nolasco: None. J.S. Rossi: None. F.A. Barbosa: None. C.E. Kater: None. M.D. Walker: None. J.P. Bilezikian: None. M. Lazaretti-Castro: None. Introduction: 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21OHD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by variable degrees of cortisol deficiency and androgen excess. It’s the main cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and according to the pathogenic variation affecting the CYP21A2 gene, 21OHD will manifest in two clinical forms: Classic (CL) and non-classic (NC). The former is a more severe and even fatal condition if not correctly treated. In the latter, symptoms of hyperandrogenism may appear during infancy or adulthood, notably in girls. Management of both forms requires glucocorticoids (GC), often at supraphysiologic doses. While GC negatively impacts bone, high androgen levels may be protective. However, data on skeletal involvement in 21OHD are controversial and limited. Objective: This study aims to evaluate bone health of patients with 21OHD on chronic GC therapy, using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) to assess volumetric (v) BMD, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties of the tibia and radius. We hypothesized androgens may mitigate the deleterious effects of GC on bone. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with CL and NC 21OHD. DXA and HRpQCT were performed, and groups were compared to matched controls (CT). Mean±SE is shown. Results: 33 patients (26 CL, 7 NC) and 66 CT (age: CL 33±2, NC 37±4, CT 35±1 years, p=0.56; 73-86% female) were compared. 21OHD patients were shorter (CL 154±0.02; NC 154±0.03, CT 162±0.01 cm, p&amp;lt;0.001), and weight was higher in CL vs NC (73±3 vs 61±5 kg, p&amp;lt;0.04) with no difference to CT (68±2 kg). Compared to other groups, CL patients had higher BMI (CL 30.5±0.9, NC 25.5±1.8, CT 25.7±0.6 kg/m2, p&amp;lt;0.001), and fat indices by DXA: Body Fat +16% vs NC and +21% vs CT, p&amp;lt;0.004; Fat Mass Index +42% vs NC, +41% vs CT, p&amp;lt;0.0004. The GC dose was 44% higher in CL vs NC (p&amp;lt;0.05). Compared to CT, NC had lower BMD at the spine and hip (-10.3% to -19.5%; all p&amp;lt;0.04) with no difference from the CL group. At the radius, 21OHD patients had lower trabecular (Tb) bone volume fraction, TbvBMD, and Tb area, and greater Tb separation (11-13% for CL vs CT and 13-29% for NC vs CT, all p≤0.03; no difference between 21OHD groups). At the tibia, patients had lower Tb bone volume fraction, TbvBMD, Tb area, and total area (9-14% for CL vs CT and 15-20% for NC vs CT, all p≤0.02; no difference between 21OHD groups). Compared to CT, CL and NC had 13% higher cortical thickness (p&amp;lt;0.03), and higher cortical vBMD at the radius (+2% for CL vs CT, +5% for NC vs CT, p&amp;lt;0.02) and tibia (+3% for CL vs CT, +4% for NC vs CT, p=0.002) with no difference between 21OHD groups. Conclusion: Patients with 21OHD, regardless of severity, exhibit trabecular deterioration despite preserved cortical bone. These findings may suggest compartment-specific alterations reflecting opposing effects of chronic GC exposure and androgen excess on the skeleton. Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

Relative fat mass (RFM) is a more accurate measure of body fat percentage than body mass index (BMI). However, its association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and its predictive value have not been examined. This study evaluated and compared the associations and predictive utility of RFM and BMI for CMM. We analyzed data from 3,348 adults (mean age 64years; 45.1% male) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were free of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and stroke at wave 4 (2008-2009). RFM was derived from height and waist circumference. CMM was defined at wave 10 (2021-2023) as the presence of two or more of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or stroke. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and measures of discrimination were estimated. Over 12-15years of follow-up, 197 participants developed CMM. Restricted cubic spline models showed linear dose-response relationships for both RFM and BMI (p for nonlinearity > .05). Higher RFM was strongly associated with CMM (per 1-SD increase: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.29-2.15; top vs bottom tertile: OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.46-4.99). Associations for BMI were weaker (per 1-SD increase: OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12-1.47; top vs bottom tertile: OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.24-2.85). Adding RFM to a conventional risk model modestly increased discrimination (ΔC-index = 0.0088, p = .29) and significantly improved model fit (-2 log likelihood, p < .001). Corresponding values for BMI were ΔC-index = 0.0049 (p = .46) and -2 log likelihood (p < .001). The C-index gain from RFM was 0.0039 greater than BMI (p = .39). In an older UK population, RFM was a stronger indicator and predictor of CMM risk than BMI.

BackgroundAnthropometric indicators are known to be closely related to pre-hypertension and hypertension. This study aimed to explore the association of conventional and unconventional anthropometric indicators with pre-hypertension and hypertension.MethodsAbout 8787 adults (aged ≥18 years) who joined in the Chinese Residents Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance Project (2020) were included. Twenty-four anthropometric indicators were measured and calculated, including conventional anthropometric indicators [eg, weight, fat mass (FM), body mass index (BMI), height-adjusted weight (HtaW), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI)] and unconventional anthropometric indicators [eg, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG)]. LASSO regressions were used to identify key anthropometric indicators associated with pre-hypertension/hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression model, RCS regression analysis, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the association between anthropometric indicators and pre-hypertension/hypertension. ROC and AUC were also utilized to evaluate the performance of anthropometric indicators in identifying pre-hypertension/ hypertension.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression showed that weight, BMI, HtaW, FMI, FFMI, AIP, and TyG were significantly associated with pre-hypertension, while FM, AIP, and TyG were significantly associated with hypertension. ROC analysis showed that conventional anthropometric indicators were slightly superior to unconventional anthropometric indicators in identifying pre-hypertension and hypertension. RCS models suggested that weight, FMI, FFMI, AIP, and TyG had linear dose-response relationships with pre-hypertension risk, while BMI and HtaW were nonlinearly associated with pre-hypertension risk; FM, AIP and TyG had nonlinear dose-response relationships with hypertension risk (Pnonlinear < 0.05). The results from the subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis basically supported the primary findings.ConclusionAs one of the first comprehensive comparisons of 24 anthropometric indicators in a large Chinese population, this study found that BMI and TyG were the best anthropometric indicators for identifying pre-hypertension, while TyG showed a significantly stronger association with hypertension.

Abstract Background and Aims The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and beyond in patients with cancer is present between 12 and 25%, depending on the type of cancer or chemotherapy administered to the patient. While well-defined guidelines with varying levels of supporting evidence exist for patients with CKD and for patients with cancer without CKD, there is no precise nutritional management when considering patients with both CKD and cancer and, consequently, no shared clinical strategy is currently applied in clinical practice. This study aimed to confirm our previously published data (doi: 10.3390/nu14235193) regarding the safety and efficacy of a MCPD in a consecutive cohort of onconephrological patients evaluated over a longer (3 years) and intensive follow-up. Method We retrospectively identified 186 patients, enrolled at our tertiary-care institution from 2019 and 2024, with a history of urological malignancies in conservative management for CKD followed by multidisciplinary team including a nephrologist and nutritionist, among others. Exclusion criteria: age (&amp;lt;18 years old), malnutritional screening tool (MST ≥3), urological cancer aggressiveness (metastatic process), informed consent (not signed). All patients underwent an initial nutritional evaluation and received a MCPD with a defined protein (0.7–1.0 g/kg/die), phosphorus (&amp;lt;1 g/die) and salt (&amp;lt;5 g/die) content, tailored on the presence or not of metabolic alterations (hyperazotemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia…) and on the specific stage of CKD. The resting energy expenditure was determined using Mifflin-St Jeor for obese patients and the Harris-Benedict equation for all the others. A correction coefficient of 1.4–1.6 was used for adult patients performing light physical activity. CKD stages were defined using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with CKD-EPI formula (2021). In order to assess the patients’ nutritional status, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed. The following data on patients’ body composition were collected: phase angle (PA), body cellular mass (BCM %), extracellular water (ECW)/intracellular water (ICW) ratio, total body water (TBW%), fat mass (FM%), free fat mass (FFM%) and skeletal muscle index (SMI, kg/m²). Statistical analysis: Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the paired t-test. Data analysis: JMP®, Version 17 Pro. In all tests, a P &amp;lt; 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the cohort studied. Table 2 shows anthropometric indices and parameters collected at pre- and post-dietary intervention for 108 patients who completed the nutritional follow-up. Our data showed that 60.7% of patients was overweight (with 1/3 of them being obese) at baseline; at the follow-up visits, a substantial improvement was observed in terms of BMI, of surrogate measurement of abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and FM%. Analysing the BIA parameters correlating with nutritional status of patients, we observed an overall improvement not only in PA and BCM% but also in SMI, which indicates advancement in the nutritional status of the patients. In terms of fluid balance, we observed an increase in TBW% and a decrease in ECW/ICW ratio, indicating an improvement in body fluids distribution between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, consisting of muscle cell mass and plasma and interstitial fluids respectively. Compared to anthropometric parameters, the nephrological scenario is more complex and characterized by an improvement of uremia, stable Cystatin C values and a non-statistically significant worsening of creatinine values and eGFR. Conclusion No significant negative changes have been noticed in any of the anthropometric parameters measured in the cohort of patients studied compared to baseline, suggesting that the application of a MCPD in uro-oncological patients affected by different grades of CKD is safe and could be relevant to ameliorate non only the nephrological scenario but above all the nutritional status resulting in a better quality of life.

Abstract Background and Aims The GNRI (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index1) is an index used in geriatrics to predict the risk of complications and mortality associated with malnutrition. It considers serum albumin levels and the ratio of current weight or BMI to the ideal theoretical weight/BMI. The aim of this study was to evaluate this index in a population of metabolically stable chronic hemodialysis patients aged &amp;gt;60 years and associate it with other nutritional markers. Method The studied patient cohort was divided in two groups based on their Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) scores: Gr 1 with GNRI score &amp;lt;97 and Gr 2 with GNRI ≥97. We registered the anthropometric, clinical and biological data of the study population. Results One hundred seventy-seven patients (102M-75F) undergoing chronic hemodialysis were included Table 1). There were no differences in age, muscle mass estimated by bioimpedance analysis, potassium levels, phosphorus levels, and nPCR between the groups. However, there were significant differences between the two groups concerning the primary disease. Gr 1 presented with a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Additionally, Gr 1 presented with lower handgrip strength (Mean ± standard deviation in kg, 19.79 ± 9.37 vs 26.83 ± 11.63, P = 0.05), lower fat mass index estimated by bioimpedance analysis (Mean ± standard deviation in kg/m2, 7.31 ± 4.55 vs 15.24 ± 6.47, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and higher CRP levels (Mean ± standard deviation in mg/l, 22.27 ± 23.49 vs 8.13 ± 10.14, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, the GNRI, an easily calculated tool for nutritional assessment, is associated with important nutritional status parameters in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess health risk but overlooks fat and lean mass. This limitation is particularly salient for Indigenous/Tribal South Asian populations, who exhibit distinct body composition and cardiometabolic profiles. This study explores the distributions of BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass Index (FFMI) among theHmar tribe of Northeast India, and evaluates their predictive utility for hypertension, with sex-specific focus. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1207 adults (598 men, 609 women) using anthropometry, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance. BMI was classified using WHO (1995) and WHO Asia-Pacific (2000) criteria. Polynomial regressions generated sex-specific FFMI and FMI reference ranges. ROC analysis evaluated the predictive utility of BMI, FMI, and FFMI for hypertension. FFMI/BFMI ranged 16.3-19.2/2.2-5.8kg/m2 (men) and 15.1-17.5/3.5-7.6kg/m2 (women) under WHO cutoffs; narrower under Asia-Pacific: 16.3-18.5/2.2-4.5 (men), 15.1-16.7/3.5-6.3 (women), differing from other populations reflecting ethnic variability. Overweightand/orobesity prevalence increased from 32.06% (WHO, 1995) to 49.96% (WHO, 2000). Despite similar BMI and FFMI across sexes, significant differences were observed in FMI (WHO 1995: χ2 = 8.26, p < 0.05; WHO 2000 χ2 = 9.46, p < 0.05). Hypertension affected 21% of participants. FFMI emerged as the strongest predictor of hypertension in men (AUC = 0.704), while BMI was more predictive in women (AUC = 0.761). BMI alone is insufficient for assessing cardiometabolic risk among theHmars. Sex-specific differences in FMI and FFMI, and their predictive value for hypertension, highlight the need for body composition-based population-sensitive screening strategies.

While the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a recognized marker of cardiometabolic risk, its influence on blood pressure through body composition in children has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between the TyG index and blood pressure in children and adolescents, and to examine the mediating role of body composition in this relationship. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 408 children aged 6-17years in Guangdong Province, representing a subsample of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children aged 0-18years in China. The participants underwent venous blood tests (TyG index calculation), body composition assessments (InBody 770 bioelectrical impedance analyzer), and blood pressure measurements. Linear/logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed to evaluate associations and mediating effects. The TyG index showed the strongest positive associations with systolic blood pressure (SBP: β = 4.49, 95% CI 2.36-6.61; P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP: β = 2.07, 95% CI 0.56-3.58; P=0.007). Elevated blood pressure risk was significantly linked to the TyG index (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.29-3.22; P=0.002) and obesity-related parameters, particularly the fat mass index (FMI: OR = 1.50) and waist‒hip ratio (WHR-z: OR = 2.10). Mediation analysis revealed partial indirect effects of body composition on the TyG-SBP association (total effect: 4.49, 95% CI 2.36-6.61) but no mediation effect for the TyG-DBP. Our findings demonstrate that the TyG index is independently associated with elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents. Importantly, obesity-related body fat composition, especially measured by the FMI and WHR, partially mediates the association between TyG index and SBP.