Fast Route Research Articles

Simplifying traffic simulation - from Euclidean distances to agent-based models

AbstractUrban settings require a thorough understanding of traffic patterns to best manage traffic, be prepared for emergency scenarios and to guide future infrastructure investments. In addition to analyzing collected traffic data, traffic modeling is an important tool that often requires detailed simulations that can be computationally intensive and time-consuming. A well-known comprehensive simulation framework is MATSim. On the other hand, simpler shortest-path routing systems that compute trips on an individual basis promise faster computations. The primary focus of this study is to assess the viability of a fast shortest path routing system as a method of traffic simulation. This study compares the MATSim with the Graphhopper routing system. Key metrics include travel time accuracy, congestion levels, route similarity, vehicle miles traveled, and average travel time. By analyzing these metrics, this study shows that a shortest-path routing system can serve as an effective and expedient approximation of more resource intensive simulation frameworks. This has significant implications for authorities and planners, as it offers a quick and efficient tool for traffic management and decision-making during critical events, enhancing their ability to respond quickly and effectively to dynamic traffic conditions.

Optical absorption studies of pulsed-laser-engineered silver nanospheres and their enhanced catalytic performance in the degradation of toxic methylene blue dye

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid is an environment-friendly and one of the fastest physical routes to synthesize surfactant-free and stable metal/metal oxide nanoparticles with high purity and no harmful residues. In this study, we report the synthesis of silver nanospheres (AgNSs) using the nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique resulting in the formation of a colloidal solution. Investigation of the optical properties using UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the effects of laser wavelength, frequency, fluence, ablation time, and re-irradiation on the light absorption of the produced silver nanospheres. Physicochemical characterizations included FE-SEM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, and XPS techniques to evaluate the size, morphology, crystal structure, size distribution, zeta potential, and surface chemistry. FE-SEM studies revealed the formation of well-dispersed spherical Ag nanospheres with an average particle size of 209 nm without any agglomeration. DLS measurements showed high stability with a recorded zeta potential value of −38.27 (+/−1.81) mV and a wider size distribution. The XRD analysis indicated a face-centered cubic crystal structure with the formation of an oxide layer over the metallic silver core. The presence of silver and oxygen was confirmed through XPS studies with binding energies at 368.1 eV and 374.1 eV and oxide formation on the surface of Ag NSs. Finally, the catalytic activity of the Ag colloid was examined for the degradation of the toxic methylene blue dye. The results revealed an excellent catalytic response with 90 % of the dye degraded in just 15 min of reaction time. The kinetics of the degradation process were studied with a rate constant of 0.054/min−1 showcasing the effectiveness of the pulsed laser-synthesized silver colloidal nanomaterial as a sustainable approach for environmental remediation.

Mobile stroke units based on rural emergency medical stations for pre-hospital intravenous thrombolysis of stroke in remote areas

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore a novel model of mobile stroke units (MSUs) integrated with rural emergency medical stations for pre-hospital care of stroke patients in remote areas. Methods We used MSUs + Ambulance mode, where both the MSUs and conventional ambulances are sent to the patient’s location. The conventional ambulance coordinates with the MSUs to choose the fastest route to meet and transfer the patient at the point along the way. We collected data from 149 patients from March 2022 to April 2023, including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (on admission, 24 hours, day 7), 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and other clinical variables. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the potential confounding variables between groups. Results We found that the MSUs + Ambulance mode (OR = 12.507, 95% confidence interval [CI] [3.633, 43.061], p < 0.001) and admission NIHSS score (OR = 0.583, 95% CI [0.493, 0.690], p < 0.001) were independent prognostic risk factors for stroke patients. The MSUs + Ambulance mode reduced NIHSS scores 7 days prior to admission (OR = 0.679, 95% CI [0.563, 0.819], p < 0.001). After PSM, patients who received MSUs + Ambulance mode had a better prognosis (χ2 = 9.573, p = 0.004), as well as a lower mRS score at 90 days (Z = -3.371, p = 0.001). Conclusions MSUs integrated with rural emergency medical stations show the feasibility and potential benefits of pre-hospital intravenous thrombolysis for stroke patients in geographically distant regions.

Fast total cleaning proactive wash droplet routing for digital microfluidics biochip

Fast total cleaning proactive wash droplet routing for digital microfluidics biochip

Commuter exposure to smoke and particulate matter air pollution in Auckland during the 2019 New Zealand International Convention Centre fire

ABSTRACT Human mobility typically exhibits temporal and spatial predictability. However, during hazardous events, roadways, footpaths and public transport networks can be disrupted by detours, closures and congestion. Urban fires, exemplified by the October 2019 New Zealand International Convention Centre (NZICC) fire in Auckland, New Zealand, are on the rise, posing threats to life, property and mobility. In this study, we employ geospatial analyses to investigate the impact of the NZICC fire on human mobility, encompassing both driving and walking. We generate predicted surfaces of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) from seven local fixed air monitoring stations to estimate network-based exposure and inhalation dosage during travel. High levels of air pollution during the fire exceeded baseline concentrations, surpassing National Environmental Standards for Air Quality (NESAQ) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits for both PM2.5 and PM10. Private car commuters faced delays and congestion due to road closures, prolonging smoke exposure. Pedestrians, including those accessing essential public transportation infrastructure, experienced unavoidable exposure to smoke along the fastest routes from NZICC to places like Britomart train station and the Downtown Ferry. We recommend increasing the availability and dissemination of air pollutant monitoring data to enhance public awareness of the health risks associated with smoke exposure.

Geospatial Analysis of Tsunami Hazards and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract Indonesia has experienced its deadliest disasters named tsunamis, particularly since the devastating earthquakes in Aceh and Yogyakarta. The Sunda Strait region and its surrounding areas, located in the Megathrust zone of western Java, are especially vulnerable to tsunami events. Geospatial technology’s advancement offers disaster mitigation strategies with potential for loss reduction. This research aims to analyze tsunami hazards and its mitigation using geospatial approach. We focused on Pagelaran Sub-District in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia. Secondary sources and field checks provide research data on hazards and tsunami evacuation routes. We used several data such as slope, coastlines, elevation, river and road networks, as well as land use. Analysis was carried out employing weighting, scoring, overlay, and network techniques. Tsunami hazard is categorized in three categories ie. low, medium, and high. In Tegalpapak, Margagiri, and Margasana villages, a total residential area of 34.93 hectares places these villages in a high vulnerability category. The fastest evacuation route covers 1 km in 2.41 minutes (Margagiri Village). Efforts to mitigate tsunami risk include identifying and mapping potential threats, community outreach, enhanced spatial planning, and placement of evacuation signs.

Rapid conversion of biomass to hierarchical porous carbons via one-step microwave carbonization/activation for long cycle-stable supercapacitor and zinc-ion capacitor

Biomass derived carbons as electrode materials for supercapacitors have drawn great attention owing to their low cost, high specific areas and abundant surface functional groups, but most of their preparation processes are time-consuming and power-wasting. In this work, we report a rapid and energy-saving strategy for preparing hierarchical porous carbons derived from loofah sponges for supercapacitors via one-step microwave carbonization/activation. Utilizing KOH as the microwave absorption medium and activator, the microwave carbonization/activation process can be completed within 6–10 min. The resulting loofah sponges derived porous carbons demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 294 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an outstanding retention rate of 74.8 % at 20 A g−1 in three-electrode setup for supercapacitor. The fabricated zinc-ion capacitor based on the as-prepared carbon materials displays a comparable energy density of 62.3 Wh∙kg−1 at the power density of 160 W kg−1. Notably, a remarkable long-term cyclic stability by retaining of 93.6 % of its initial capacitance is acquired after 30,000 cycles. Our research not only fabricates sustainable electrode materials for supercapacitors and zinc-ion capacitors but also provides a fast and energy efficient route for producing biomass derived carbon materials with high capacitive performances for commercial applications.

Implementasi Algoritma A* (A-Star) untuk mencari Rute Tercepat dari Bandara Soekarno Hatta ke Destinasi Kota Tua Jakarta

The tourism sector is an economic sector that is growing rapidly. One of the best destinations that can be used as a tourist destination in DKI Jakarta is the Old City of Jakarta. The Old City of Jakarta has easy access and very affordable costs. There are many roads to the Old City of Jakarta, but the road to the Old City of Jakarta is very far away and has traffic congestion, especially towards the weekend, which could potentially make it difficult for tourists who want to visit. Therefore, we need an effective method that can help find the route with the shortest distance and fastest travel time. In this research, the method that can be used to find the fastest path or route is the A*Star algorithm. The results obtained after examining three routes (Jalan Kapuk Kamal Raya, Jalan Peta Barat and Jalan Raya Daan Mogot), obtained the fastest route with a distance of 5,881.5 KM, namely the Jalan Kapuk Kamal Raya route. By applying this method, it is hoped that it can solve the problem of determining the fastest route to the tourist location of the Old City of Jakarta.

Penerapan Algoritma A* (A-Star) untuk Mencari Rute Terpendek dari Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka Cibubur ke Stadion Gelora Bung Karno

Jakarta, with its heavy traffic, has many alternative routes to reach destinations. The Gelora Bung Karno Stadium (GBK) is an iconic sports venue in Indonesia, built in the 1960s and serving as the center for various sports and entertainment events. Although the Cibubur Scout Campground (Buperta) offers outdoor activities, its sports facilities are limited compared to GBK. Residents of Cibubur often face traffic congestion when heading to GBK, especially on weekends. This study aims to apply the A* algorithm to find the shortest and fastest route from Buperta to GBK using Google Maps features. The A* algorithm is chosen for its optimal route search capabilities. The research findings indicate that among the four routes studied (Mayjen Sutoyo Cawang, Dewi Sartika, TB Simatupang, and Lenteng Agung), the Dewi Sartika route is the fastest, with a distance of 15.070 km. The implementation of the A* method is expected to assist the public in finding the fastest route and addressing traffic congestion as well as the lack of knowledge about alternative routes.

Selective reductive conversion of CO2 to CH2-bridged compounds by using a Fe-functionalized graphene oxide-based catalyst

Anthropogenic climate change drastically affects our planet, with CO2 being the most critical gaseous driver. Despite the existing carbon dioxide capture and transformation, there is much need for innovative carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysts with excellent selectivity. Here, we present a fast, effective, and sustainable route for coupling diverse alcohols, amines and amides with CO2 via heterogenization of a natural metal-based homogeneous catalyst through decorating on functionalized graphene oxide (GO). Combined synthetic, experimental, and theoretical studies unravel mechanistic routes to convergent 4‑electron reduction of CO2 under mild conditions. We successfully replace the toxic and expensive ruthenium species with inexpensive, ubiquitously available and recyclable iron. This iron-based functionalized graphene oxide (denoted as Fe@GO-EDA, where EDA represents ethylenediamine) functions as an efficient catalyst for the selective conversion of CO2 into a formaldehyde oxidation level, thus opening the door for interesting molecular structures using CO2 as a C1 source. Overall, this work describes an intriguing heterogeneous platform for the selective synthesis of valuable methylene-bridged compounds via 4‑electron reduction of CO2.

Attentional Information Routing in The Human Brain.

Brain-wide communication supports behaviors that require coordination between sensory and associative regions. However, how large-scale brain networks route sensory information at fast timescales to guide upcoming actions remains unclear. Using spiking neural networks and human intracranial electrophysiology during spatial attention tasks, where participants detected a target at cued locations, we show that high-frequency activity bursts (HFAb) serve as information-carrying events, facilitating fast and long-range communications. HFAbs emerged as bouts of neural population spiking and were coordinated brain-wide through low-frequency rhythms. At the network-level, HFAb coordination identified distinct cue- and target-activated subnetworks. HFAbs following the cue onset in cue-subnetworks predicted successful target detection and preceded the information in target-subnetworks following target onset. Our findings suggest HFAbs as a neural mechanism for fast brain-wide information routing that supports attentional performance.

Global path planning for inland vessels based on fast marching algorithm

Ship path planning is essential for enhancing navigation safety, shipping efficiency, cost savings and autonomy. This paper presents a path planning algorithm specifically designed for inland vessels, exemplified on the Western Scheldt waterway area from Hansweert to Bath in the Netherlands (known as the area of Schaar van Valkenisse). The algorithm utilizes the fast marching (FM) method to generate safe and cost-efficient paths for both autonomous and conventional navigation, considering factors such as water depth, distance to waterway borders, preferential navigation zones (e.g. starboard side and parallel routes), ship dimensions, and manoeuvring characteristics.The fast marching algorithm uses starting points and a velocity grid, generated based on the aforementioned factors, to produce an arrival time map. The velocity here represents preferences for deeper water, and wider and starboard navigation zones. Subsequently, a gradient descent algorithm is applied to determine the fastest route from the destination to the starting point on the arrival time map. To ensure the route is navigable, the optimal path is updated to a Dubins path that satisfies the ships’ dynamic constraints by using a so-called Dubins model filter.Case studies with various navigation scenarios demonstrate that the path planning tool can provide expected results with tunable parameters allowing for customized preferences. This work can further assist in predicting paths for a traffic study, designing fairways, aids to navigation and can possibly serve as an operational tool to assess the accessibility of a (alternative) fairway.

Trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions

Abstract Finite-time quantum heat engines operating with working substances of quantum nature are of practical relevance as they can generate finite-power. However, they encounter energy losses due to quantum friction, which is particularly pronounced in many-body systems with non-trivial coherences in their density operator. Strategies such as shortcuts to adiabaticity and fast routes to thermalization have been developed although the associated cost requirements remain uncertain. In this study, we theoretically investigate the finite-time operation of a trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions and projection measurements in one of the isochoric processes. The investigation reveals that when atoms are sufficiently close to each other and their dipoles are oriented perpendicularly, light-induced dipole–dipole interactions generate strong coherent interactions. This has enhanced engine efficiency to near unity and accelerate the thermalization process by sixtyfold. The interactions also boost engine performance during finite-unitary strokes despite the significant quantum friction induced by the time-dependent driving field. Furthermore, the projection measurement protocol effectively erases quantum coherences developed during both the finite-unitary expansion and finite thermalization stages and allows finite-time engine operation with an output power. This setup presents a compelling avenue for further investigation of finite-time many-body quantum heat engines and provides an opportunity to explore the full potential of photon-mediated dipole–dipole interactions.

Multi-radio fast routing recovery protocol based on spectrum situation awareness

UAV networks often encounter jamming attacks, under which multi-radio protocols have to switch radios to accelerate communication recovery. However, the existing protocols rely on exchange of hello messages to detect jamming, leading to long sensing time and thus slow routing recovery. To address the issues raised by jamming attacks, we propose a new routing protocol, Electromagnetic Spectrum situation awareness Optimized Link State Routing (ESOLSR) protocol, to improve the existing OLSRv2 protocol. ESOLSR utilizes the spectrum situation awareness capability from the physical layer, and adopts joint-updating of link status, updating of interface functions, and adaptive adjustment of parameters. Our simulation results show that the improved protocol, ESOLSR, can recover routing and resume normal communication 26.6% faster compared to the existing protocols.

Facile and convenient electrochemical syntheses of novel multifunctional (catalytic, antioxidant and in vivo antimicrobial) phosphorylated chitosan derivatives

The electrochemical coupling of N-protected chitosan with diphenylphosphine oxide was recognized as new facile, fast, and convenient route to phosphorylated chitosans. The reaction affords low substituted (capable of self-assembling into nanoparticles), moderately substituted (water soluble) or highly substituted (soluble in both water and toluene) polymeric chitosan phosphonates. The degree of substitution can be adjusted by simply increasing the triphenylphosphine oxide/chitosan ratio. Highly substituted polymers (CH-P0.70) are efficient homogeneous catalysts towards the model reaction of monoglyceride synthesis (ca. 100% yield in 3 h). The phosphorylated chitosans are also efficient antioxidants. Their antioxidant effect increases with an increase in their degree of substitution. CH-P0.70 exhibits an antioxidant activity comparable to that of the natural antioxidant ascorbic acid. Remarkably, the highly substituted species is characterized by a strong in vivo antibacterial effect which is even more pronounced than that of the commercial antibiotics ampicillin and gentamicin. Moreover, the obtained phosphorylated chitosan CH-P0.70 demonstrates neither acute nor subacute in vivo toxicity.

Cycle highway effects: Assessing modal choice to cycling in the Netherlands

Cycle highways are regarded as a promising new type of infrastructure because they promote longer-distance cycling between (sub)urban residential areas and work and study centers. This study examines whether the emerging network of regional cycle highways in the Netherlands has contributed to a modal shift from car to bicycle. More specifically, we investigate the effect of these routes on commuting bicycle mode choice. Our main data sources are a national travel survey covering commuting journeys that were made between 2010 and 2021 and a comprehensive dataset we have compiled to document the exact timing and status of all cycle highways in the Netherlands. We employ a difference-in-differences approach with a binary logit model, comparing bicycle mode choice versus the car for trips that benefited from a new cycle highway, before and after the introduction of the new infrastructure, with a control group of trips that were not affected by the construction of a new route. We present results from a novel routing-based approach to measuring exposure to this new cycling facility, which allows us to establish the extent to which the fastest route to work traverses a newly constructed cycle highway. After controlling for relevant covariates, our main results indicate that the introduction of cycle highways has contributed to a shift in commuting behavior toward cycling, with an increase of approximately 10 % in cycling probability post-intervention for trips highly exposed to cycle highways. The results also indicate some heterogeneity in the effects of cycle highways across different groups of individuals. The findings of this study are especially important in the context of the Netherlands (or similar biking countries, such as Denmark). Although these countries have well-established cycling infrastructure, they can still derive benefits from new cycling routes and can support decision-makers in other countries who want to invest in cycling in the near future.

(Invited) Core-Multi-Shell Design: Unlocking Multimodal Capabilities in Lanthanide-Based Nanoparticles

The remarkable optomagnetic properties of the lanthanides (Ln) make Ln-based materials ideal for biomedical applications, including diagnostic (e.g., imaging, nanothermometry) and therapeutic (e.g., drug delivery, photodynamic therapy) approaches. This is due the unique electronic properties of the f-elements allowing for upconversion and near-infrared emission under near-infrared excitation as well as high magnetic moments. Yet, challenges remain, including low emission intensity and efficiency of small nanoparticles (NPs), and reliable, fast synthesis routes. As material chemists, we tackle these challenges with new designs of Ln-NPs by chemically controlled synthesis, application-oriented surface chemistry, and understanding of structure-property-relationships. We developed a straightforward and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis approach towards core-multi-shell Ln-NPs. Careful architecture design and choice of RE3+ dopant ions allow to tune the optical properties of the resultant nanoparticles, i.e., upconversion and near-infrared emission. This presentation will shed light on recent results with respect to microwave-assisted synthesis of Ln-NPs as well as structural and optomagnetic properties, seeking biomedical application.For instance, multimodal bioimaging probes merging optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) capabilities have attracted considerable attention due to their potential biomedical applications. This includes nanoparticles that combine upconverting Er3+/Yb3+ and magnetic NaDyF4 for optical/T2-weighted MRI/CT multimodal capabilities. A known drawback of multimodal probes that merge the upconverting Er3+/Yb3+ ion pair with magnetic Dy3+ ions for T2-weighted MRI is the loss of upconversion emission due to Dy3+ poisoning. The synthesis of controlled nanoparticle architectures with tuned inner NaGdF4 shell thicknesses separating Dy3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ allow to shed light on this distance-dependent loss of upconversion due to Yb3+ → Dy3+ energy transfer. As a result, the Ln-NP architecture was tuned to not only restore but enhanced the upconversion emission. In addition to multimodal imaging, Ln-NPs are promising candidates for application in nanothermometry due to the distinct, temperature-induced changes in their spectral features. We seek the development of novel Ln-NP nanothermometers for new opportunities in the near-infrared biological transparency windows (1000 to 2000 nm), by doping RE3+ ions, such as Er3+ and Tm3+ as well as unconventional Pr3+, into core-multi-shell lanthanide-based nanoparticles.

Model Pemilihan Rute Antara Jalan Nasional dan Jalan Tol Surabaya (Bundaran Waru)-Jombang dengan Metode Pembebanan Bertahap

The interactions that occur between the City of Surabaya and the City of Jombang are not only influenced by economic factors, but are also influenced by social factors of life. Residents who are outside the Jombang City area will try to choose the fastest route from several routes that connect their home zone with Jombang City. This research was conducted based on factors that influence the process of choosing a travel route from Surabaya City to Jombang City using class I, class II and class III vehicles. The influencing factors are travel time and vehicle flow. The available route options are via national roads and toll roads. In this research, an analysis of route selection was carried out using the gradual loading method. The gradual loading method was chosen because it can determine the relationship between traffic flow and travel time, without depending on driver assumptions and road network characteristics. After carrying out the analysis using the gradual loading method, the wardrop balance value can then be calculated, the results of which can show that the conditions are balanced and the driver can determine which route to take. From the results of a simple linear regression analysis, a model of the flow - travel cost relationship on the Surabaya - Jombang National Road route was obtained with the equation form 55.63 + 0.031X, while on the Surabaya - Jombang Toll Road route the equation form was 32.044 + 0.024X. The wardrop balance value at a uniform fraction loading of 25% was found to be 0.18 and at a uniform fraction loading of 10% and a non-uniform fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% the value was 0.03. This value is relatively small and can be interpreted that the condition is close to wardrop equilibrium.

APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING IN DETERMINING THE SHORTEST ROUTE PT JNE USING BACKWARD RECURSIVE EQUATION

Technological progress speeds up human movement, the distribution of goods, and service provision. PT JNE, a prominent firm in Indonesia, concentrates on delivering goods swiftly and with comprehensive services.. On the other hand, problems include daily changes in delivery, delays, less than optimal routes, and expensive gasoline. The shortest ideal route for the transportation of products is found using dynamic programming and a backward recursive equation technique in this study. The Medan Belawan District as well as the JNE Medan Representative Office provided the data that was used. The findings show that a route of a → f → d → c → g → b → e → h → a is the ideal total distance for goods delivery using a dynamic programming graph is 12,2 km, with an average courier covering 16,5 km. Based on data analysis, this shows a 26% increase in efficiency over the current routes. The layout of the routes makes it easier for couriers to choose the fastest route.

Energy Transfer Processes in NaBiF4 Nanocrystals Co‐Doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ Dispersed in Aqueous Solution

AbstractThe synthesis of hexagonal NaBiF4 co‐doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+(NaBi0.75−xTb0.25EuxF4; with x=0, 5, 10, 20 and 30) was achieved via a facile and fast precipitation route at 35 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and luminescence spectroscopy have been employed to characterize and investigate the materials. The study of luminescence spectroscopy and decay kinetics of the 5D4 excited state of Tb3+ provides the evidence of a Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer process. Sodium citrate has been adopted as capping agent to promote a homogeneous dispersion of the materials into water and to protect the inorganic host, which is water sensitive, from direct contact with this molecule. The comparison of luminescence properties between bare and citrate‐capped samples of NaBiF4 co‐doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ reveals a marked difference in the Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer efficiency, which has been tentatively explained on the basis of a different environment surrounding the lanthanide ions in the two families of compounds.