Fast Patrol Boat Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Propulsion System on Fast Patrol Boat

This paper presents a performance evaluation of a hybrid propulsion system applied to a fast patrol boat. The study aims to analyze the efficiency, fuel consumption, and overall operational effectiveness of the hybrid system compared to conventional propulsion methods. A combination of electric motors and diesel engines is utilized in the hybrid setup, allowing for optimized energy use in varying operational conditions. The performance of the system was evaluated through simulation and sea trials, focusing on key metrics such as speed, endurance, maneuverability, and emission reduction. Results indicate that the hybrid system offers significant advantages in terms of fuel savings and reduced environmental impact, particularly during low-speed or patrol operations. This research provides valuable insights into the practical benefits and challenges of implementing hybrid propulsion systems in maritime security operations.

Propeller Performance Analysis on The Modification of Trailing Edge Shape as Anti-Singing

Singing is one of the problems that occurs in the propeller. However, singing will not happen to every propeller. Singing occurs a lot in high-speed propellers and on propellers with wide and thin blade sizes. One of the ships that have high speed and wide propeller is fast patrol boat. To overcome this problem, modifying the trailing edge is one of the most commonly used methods. Sharpening the trailing edge is a way to reduce vortex shedding. However, modifying the trailing edge of the propeller will change the shape of the propeller, which can affect the performance of the propeller. Therefore, this study discussed about the effect of trailing edge modification as anti-singing on propeller performance. Propeller performance analysed with open water test simulation assisted by computational fluid dynamic based software. There are three sharpening model in this study, where the sharpening size in this study refers to Van Lammeren anti-singing design. The size of sharpening are 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm, where 20 mm sharpening is the best modification to overcome singing according to flow analysis. The open water test simulation result shows that the modification of trailing edge as anti-singing can increase the average thrust coefficient 8.96%, average torque coefficient 7.88%, and average open water efficiency 1.29%.

Analysis of hull performance on fast patrol boat with an extended study of survivability under damaged conditions

The prevalence of maritime accidents that occur due to ship leakage causes a significant risk to the safety of passengers and crew. Therefore, it is important to estimate stability during critical conditions, including characterizing the hull performance in sailing conditions. This research analyzes the effect of compartments and bulkheads on the ship’s stability when a leak occurs. The research method was carried out using the numerical approach to obtain resistance, stability, and large-angle stability results. The study also uses floodable length simulations to predict ship leakage and the distance between compartments. The variations were composed, including the location of the compartments and the distance between the partitions. Based on the obtained results, it can be seen that the addition of the compartment will affect the intensity of the ship to sink completely. Furthermore, the effect of leakage in each compartment will contribute to the stability state of the ship.

Effect of bilge keel variations on the designed fast patrol boats to hull resistance and stability behaviours

This study aims to analyse the effect of variations in the addition of bilge keel on the value of resistance, ship stability, and seakeeping performances. The research method is carried out by designing and analysing the hull design of the fast patrol boat type with variations in the addition of a bilge keel. Variations made on the bilge keel include length and width. The length variations are considered by applying 4 m, 5 m, and 6 m, while the variations in width include 0.3 m, 0.4 m, and 0.5 m. This study indicates that the nine variations of the bilge keels model with a combination of length and width do not show a significant difference in the resistance value on each ship. Then, for the stability criteria, the bilge keel model IX, with a length of 6 m and a width of 0.5 m, has the best stability value compared to other variations. Meanwhile, the addition of bilge keel in the seakeeping simulation did not show a significant difference. The parameters of this analysis consider the primary needs of fast patrol boats to support the development of shipping technology.

Analysis of Fin Stabilizer Base on NACA 0010 in Fast Patrol Boat to Reduce Appendage Resistance on Numerical Method

The main function of the fin stabilizer on patrol boats is anti-rolling and providing comfort for ship personnel. However, the installation of the fin stabilizer has a consequence in the form of appendage resistance of the ship. This study analyzes the magnitude of the appendage resistance due to the installation of the NACA 0010 stabilizer fin mounted on a 60m patrol boat at an angle of 0º. Reduction of ship resistance is expected to improve the ship performance which then can optimize the use of fuels and minimize pollution. In the early stages, the bare hull was validated with the results of the model test on the towing tank with a resistance difference of less than 3%. Based on the simulation results, it is known that the average resistance value of Fine Marine Numeca is 1.87% higher than the resistance value of the Maxsurf software. From the results of testing the appendage resistance value with 3 variations of the shape of the NACA 0010 fin, it is known that the appendage resistance value of fin stabilizer 2 is 1.04%, fin stabilizer 1 is 1.26% while fin stabilizer 3 is 1.6%. The appendage resistance of fin stabilizer 2 is smaller than the variation of fin stabilizer 1 and 3 models.

STUDY OF FAST PATROL BOAT MODELS WITH AND WITHOUT TUNNELS ON THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Indonesia as an archipelago countries demand modern boats for marine security, resulting in a surge in the development of past patrol vessels. The investigation in this study focused on designs with and without a tunnel at the bottom to determine which design provided the least resistance. CFD offer realistic findings for comparing the problems encountered by two distinct kinds of fast patrol boats. The computation the use of no tunnel, the use of a tunnel on fast patrol boat reduced resistance by an average of 5.4%. According to the results of the CFD simulations, using a tunnel may greatly reduce the high pressure at the bottom in interactions with the flow of water. The utilization of using tunnel is a solution that may be employed more successfully for fast patrol boat operation

Fast patrol boat hull design concepts on hydrodynamic performances and survivability evaluation

A fast patrol boat is one of the ships intended to defend a region and rescue and search in the accident event so that the ship must have a high level of security and survivability performances. This study uses 9 design variations with various main dimensions and hull lengths to determine the effect of the different main dimensions on the hydrodynamic performances. Each criterion was affected to obtain results in hull design, durability, stability, seakeeping, floodable length, and motion sickness incidence (MSI). Simulations are carried out to determine the resistance, stability, ship response when exposed to external forces, passenger comfort, and ship safety level when a leak occurs. Resistance simulation uses a Froude number between 0 to 2.217. Stability simulation analyzes max GZ and angle of maximum GZ on seakeeping, deck wetness, and MSI simulations using 90°, 135°, and 180° wave incidence angles. The addition of bulkheads is carried out to determine the ship's response when it experiences a leak and prevents the ship's sinking when puddles enter the ship with five bulkheads per hull and three variations in distance. Design and simulation of various criteria using Maxsurf software. In the floodable length simulation, the hull added a bulkhead to determine the effect of leakage from several hull designs and watertight bulkhead spacing variations. Design 7 has the best average result compared to other designs from the simulation recapitulation results. It has a small resistance value, a large stability angle, a stable ship response when subjected to external forces, seasickness levels, and a small deck language. From the floodable length graph, it has a high flood limit that makes the ship survive and be safer than other designs. Design 7 refers to the ship Grandweld Shipyard Delivers 21M Discovery Class Vessel Fujairah Pilot.

Design of Fast Patrol Boat for Improving Resistance, Stability, and Seakeeping Performance

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country and has the potential to become the world’s maritime axis. Two-thirds of Indonesia’s territory is ocean, with a total coastline of 54,716 km. Therefore, Indonesia must have solid systems and tools to overcome the various threats in the maritime sector. One of the technologies that can be developed to protect Indonesia’s naval territory is fast patrol boats. Indonesia requires efficient patrol boats that can optimally monitor the large Indonesian sea area and various potential threats in the maritime sector. Thus, research on the hydrodynamic criteria for the hull design of patrol boats is fundamental. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the design method based on hydrodynamic characteristics to obtain the primary dimensions and shape of the ship’s hull. We designed and analysed 11 ship models in terms of the following criteria: the resistance, stability, and seakeeping performance. The 11 models included five reference models of patrol boats with varying dimensions and block coefficients between 0.42 and 0.53, three ship models with the regression method with the exact dimensions and block coefficients between 0.45 and 0.46, and three ship models with the scale method with the exact measurements and block coefficients between 0.43 and 0.45. According to the analysis results, the regression method had better total hydrodynamic criteria and greater similarity to the reference vessel. With a shorter processing time, the regression method was more efficient than the scaling method and reference ship.

PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI PENGELASAN PT. CAPUTRA MITRA SEJATI SHIPYARD TERHADAP KUALITAS PEMBANGUNAN KAPAL PATROLI CEPAT (PC) 40

This study was aimed to recognize the effect of welding technology, welder expertise and welding equipment maintenance on the quality of the construction of a Fast Patrol Boat (PC) 40. This study was a quantitative descriptive study with 45 respondents as data sources. The data analysis technique in this study was processed with the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that there were positive and significant effects of welding technology on the conatruction quality of the Fast Patrol Boat (PC) 40, positive and significant effects of welder expertise on the construction quality of Fast Patrol Boat Development. (PC) 40, positive and significant effects of welding equipment maintenance on the construction quality of the Fast Patrol Boat (PC) 40

Designing 69 Meters Littoral Mission Ship Based on the 60 Meters Fast Patrol Boat Platform to Improve Multi-Task Warfare

60 meters fast patrol boat class is well known as one of the successful programs in the build of local warship in the national shipyards. Due to the higher tension in the South China Sea recently, therefore, it is urgently to have some better ships both quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce procurements costs and shorten the delivery time then an LMS type with a length of 69 meters would be proposed based on the proven design of 60 meters FPB. Improvement of the platform not only about its size and capacity but also multi-task missions. The LMS will support missions of patrolling and intercepting as a fast patrol craft, moreover additional tasks including anti-surface warfare, mines-warfare, hydrography and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), also bio & chemical warfare duties. LMS will have a low radar cross-section by improving its stealth design and the addition of a helideck to accommodate a medium-sized helicopter. Ship able carries up to three standard ISO-containers as complementary logistics when the deck not being occupied by helicopter. LMS needs only 20% more engine power when its draught is 0.1 m higher and 21.5% more displacement compare with the FPB at a similar speed of 24 knots.

Risk management in shipbuilding using bayesian network with noisy-or

This paper presents a method for risk management applicable in shipbuilding projects. We focused this study specifically to assess delay in project completion by analysing the production processes. The production processes were grouped into three major parts, namely the work of design, material procurement, and production processes. Risk data were collected from risk documentation of fast patrol boat constructions in PT. PAL Indonesia (the company). Bayesian network was used to assess the probability of project completion delay. Noisy-OR canonical model was used to define parameters needed for the Bayesian network model. Based on the current condition, the Bayesian network model predicted that there is a probability of delay of 0.67761739 that the project completion will be delayed. The Bayesian network model was also used to assess mitigation actions to reduce the probability of delay. Three mitigation action sets were provided based on the complexity of mitigation action: (1) less complex mitigation action, (2) more complex mitigation action, and (3) most complex mitigation action. The Bayesian network model predicting that the most complex mitigation action would provide the best result in mitigating the project completion delay.

Application of embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors for structural health monitoring of complex composite structures for marine applications

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are recently widely applied in the marine industry. The high popularity of composites and safety requirements results in the development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. One of the sensors types that can be permanently integrated with a composite structure and used as a part of SHM system are fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Among FBG sensors advantages small size, high corrosion resistance, and absence of electric current are especially important in monitoring of composite marine structures.The paper presents an application of embedded FBG sensors arrays for evaluation of complex composite structure — a fast patrol boat. The experimental investigations contain spectra analyses for thin laminate sample (skin), a composite sandwich panel and fast patrol boat hull (sandwich structure). The quality of sensors spectra (before/after embedding and loading) was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The relationship between strain and temperature in exploitation range was determined for laminate and sandwich structures. A linear relationship was achieved for both elements. The relationship for the sandwich panel was then applied during strain analyses of the boat composite hull. The utility of designed FBG sensors array for the panel was also verified by sensors responses on impact excitation in chosen points on the structure. The achieved results were then used during designing FBG sensors array embedded into the hull. FBG sensors spectra deformations due to fast patrol boat hull manufacturing process and exploitation as well as strain curves determined for the boat during tests at dry dock and at sea trials are analysed.

Redesign KCR 60m Bow with Axe Bow Type To Reduce Ship Resistance

Indonesian Navy continues to build 60 Meter Fast Missile Boat (KCR-60) is one of them and acts as a fast patrol boat and high-speed combatant ship in the archipelago warfare. The bow of the ship is an important part in the design of the ship as well as the bow of the KCR-60, because it is the most stressed, stressed from the waves, with the bow design that has a bow profile like an axe, the slender shape of the waterline is able to reduce the impact waves, increase the efficiency of the inflow rate, reduce the resistance of the vessel received so increase a better speed. This study changed the design of the Conventional Bow KCR-60 into the Axe Bow design concept with numerically calculated the total resistance of the Bow Bow design using the Holtrop method and performed a comparative analysis with the computing program MARIN DESPPC 1999 and Maxsurf Resistance V8i software. The results of this study found the total resistance value of KCR-60 Axe Bow type at 28 Knots speed was 364.2 KN and Conventional Bow type was 374.5 KN, the difference was 10.3 kN or 2.75% smaller than the Conventional Bow type in the analysis comparison of Maxsurf Resistance V8i software. For comparative analysis of the MARIN DESPPC 1999 program the total resistance value of the KCR-60 Axe Bow concept at 28 Knots is 283.6 KN and the Conventional Bow type is 288.1 KN, the difference is 4.5 KN 1.56% smaller than the Conventional type.

ADDITION OF HYDROFOIL TO SHIP RESISTANCE ANALYSIS ON HALASAN CLASS BASED ON VALIDATION TEST RESULT

KRI Halasan - 630 is one of the Fast Missile warships with a length of 60 Meters which apart of fast patrol boat class which belongs to TNI-AL. Accordance with the main function not only as a fast missile boat but also as a patrol ship killer, this ship was made to have a high ability in “hit and run”. Since the beginning of the manufacture and after being inaugurated as KRI in 2014 this ship is able to reach speed until 27 knot in full load. As time goes on the same conditions the speed that this ship can achieve is 25 knot at maximum speed. This can be caused by increase in value from the resistance of the ship. One way to reduce the value of the resistance of the ship is to minimize the Wet Surface Area(WSA) from the ship. By adding hydrofoil technology will produce lift force which could lift apart of the hull ship from the water so that Wet Surface Area from the ship will reduce. From the calculation, to lift on the hull of KRI Halasan Class 20 cm in full load condition at 25 knot knows that dimension for fore foil with tapered straight type are wingspan 4,6 m, wingroot 1,33 m, wingtip 0,5 m, and swept angle 11°. And dimension for aft foil with rectangular straight type are wingspan 5,3 m, wingroot and wingtip 1,365 m, and swept angle 0°. The ship resistance with hydrofoil is 265,5 KN, while in the same condition and speed from the ship without hydrofoil the value of ship resistance is 267 KN. By adding hydrofoil technology could reduce the ship resistance 1,5 KN. This values could make 19,29 KW or 25,86 Hp in power saving.Keywords : Hydrofoil technology, Ship Resistance, Halasan Class

Static and Fatigue Behaviour of the Main Section of a Fast Patrol Boat

This paper analyses the static resistance, as well as the fatigue resistance, of the main section of a fast patrol boat designed and manufactured in Portugal. The ship under study is a high-speed lightweight craft that was mainly fabricated with two types of aluminium series alloys, namely the 5083-H111 and the 6082-T6 alloys, which are commonly used in shipbuilding. The structural response of the critical section of the ship was obtained using the Finite Element Method (FEM), when the structure was submitted to different loading conditions, such as the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic sea loads, the longitudinal sagging or hogging, or the loads on fuel oil tanks. Results obtained for the load cases considered showed that the Von Mises equivalent stresses do not exceed the Yield Strength of the aluminium alloys used in the manufacturing of the ship. In addition, strain gages were placed on the main ship's bulkhead, near a structural detail in its bottom, and real-time acquisition strain data was collected using a computer code routine written in LabView. The Rainflow cycle counting method was applied to load spectrum gathered in order to obtain the Rainflow matrix and to predict the fatigue life of the critical main section of the ship.

Micro-bubble drag reduction on a high speed vessel model

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship. The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance. Bulbous bows, polymer paint, water repellent paint (highly water-repellent wall), air injection, and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships. Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance. The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat (FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions: L=2 450 mm, B=400 mm, and T=190 mm. The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated. The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted. The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer. Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number. It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction, and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%–9%.

METHODOLOGY OF THE HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEM (DMP & DEP) FOR TRIMARAN TYPE FAST PATROL BOAT

There are lot of research done to develop a patrol boat, from the modification of hull model until propulsion system equipment. For example the model ship type AMV (Advanced Marine Vehicle) was developed starting from the Catamaran, Trimaran and Pentamaran model. Everything is aimed at obtaining the ship design that has the speed and stability. In addition to achieving high-speed vessel must be equipped with propulsion (Main Power) is great, that means the main engine dimensions, auxiliary equipments and fuel tanks is too large. Many Limitations of space on the ship's engine room trimaran vessel is the main obstacle in designing propulsion system. Beside that Patrol boat should have many missions speed, so propulsion system should be designed at that conditions. Hybrid propulsion is a combination of Diesel Mechanical Propulsion (DMP) with Diesel Electric Propulsion (DEP). DMP system is connected directly to the propeller shaft (or through a reduction-gear). DMP has provide more efficiency rate of 95%. While DEP is only able to provide efficiency by 85% - 89% is slightly lower than DMP, but the DEP offers many advantages such as simplicity and suitability in the rotational speed settings, control systems, engine power production Redundancy, Flexibility in the design of equipments layout in engine rooms, noise, vibration and fuel consumption efficiency which affects the lower pollution. Design of Hybrid Propulsion system can be satisfied and achieved the Power requirements and optimally at all speed condition of patrol boat. Therefore the author made using modeling Maxsurf-11.12 software and carried out various optimization of the choice of main engine, propeller and system conditions for fast patrol boat cruise.

Improving the saccade peak velocity measurement for detecting fatigue

The aim of the study was to compare saccadic peak velocity (SPV) values measured with video based Fitness Impairment Tester (FIT) and electro-oculography (EOG) during prolonged wakefulness. We tested different numbers of saccades and two saccade paradigms to improve the EOG measurements for detecting fatigue. The SPVs were measured from 11 fast patrol boat navigators with FIT and EOG every sixth hour until 54 h. Subjective sleepiness was assessed with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. EOG was measured using an overlap and a gap paradigm and the data was divided into sequential five 20-saccade blocks and cumulative blocks of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 saccades. Compared to the gap paradigm, the overlap paradigm produced a higher number of analyzable saccades for a given measurement time. The shorter measurements (20–40 saccades) appeared to be more sensitive for fatigue, whereas the longer measurements (60–100 saccades) were more sensitive to time spent on the task. Thus, the optimal number of saccades varies also depending on the research question. The EOG method was more sensitive to fatigue than FIT. The FIT values measured after 30 and 36 h of wakefulness did not differ significantly from the baseline values, while subjective sleepiness and the EOG values showed that the participants were significantly less alert at these time points. The EOG measurements can be improved for detecting fatigue by using the overlap saccade paradigm. The SPV values measured with the EOG method appear to be somewhat more sensitive in detecting fatigue than the FIT method.

On the limitations of two- and three-dimensional linear hydroelasticity analyses applied to a fast patrol boat

The aim of this paper is to study the symmetric (i.e. heave and pitch motions and distortions associated with vertical bending) wave-induced dynamic behaviour of a fast patrol boat using a unified hydroelasticity analysis. This includes two- and three-dimensional structural idealizations using beam and three-dimensional finite element modelling. The fluid—flexible structure interaction is carried out using three-dimensional potential flow analysis, for both structural idealizations, based on a pulsating source singularity distribution on the mean wetted surface. The calculations are carried out in regular waves for two forward speeds (Froude numbers Fn = 0.5 and 0.63) and three heading angles, i.e. 180 (head), 135, and 90 degrees. Results from full-scale trials are also presented in order to compare rigid body motion transfer functions with numerical predictions. There are large differences between numerically predicted and measured motions, as is to be expected for this fast hull form. The paper reports that the evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of the fast patrol boat, with small length to beam ratio, by means of the unified hydroelastic analysis, shows some inherent limitations of the beamlike approach for this particular type of vessel.

Modal analysis of a fast patrol boat made of composite material

The structural dynamic behaviour of a fast patrol boat is studied with two- and three-dimensional idealizations for dry-hull analysis. A preliminary two-dimensional beam analysis is conducted by means of the Prohl-Myklestad method to derive a first estimate of the first four symmetric mode shapes. A more complex three-dimensional finite element model is developed in order to evaluate the modal characteristics for both symmetric and coupled anti-symmetric distortions, with the emphasis placed on the former.