Famous Objects Research Articles

Synopsis of a Treasure. A Transdisciplinary Study of Medieval Gold Workings Biographies

Abstract The article aims to show how a transdisciplinary approach can contribute to a better understanding of the composite biography of a precious object. The study focuses on the Cintola del Duomo (Museum of the Opera del Duomo, Pisa), one of the most famous objects in the history of goldsmithing, both for its exceptional manufacturing quality and for its devotional value. For a long time, the Cintola was considered a fragment of a long garland – decorated with precious stones, enamel, and silver plates – that was displayed on the façade of the Cathedral on certain days of the liturgical calendar. Detailed historical studies suggested that the garland was lost in the early 1300s, while the object now in the museum is more likely to be a reconstruction, decorated with ancient and modern gems. In situ diagnostic campaigns were carried out on the garland using portable Raman spectroscopy (i-Raman, B&W Tek) and portable X-Ray fluorescnece (XRF) (Elio, Bruker) to reveal the identity of the gems and enamels preliminarily studied by gemmological analysis. The combination of analytical techniques made it possible to better outline the complex history of the artefacts. The analysis provided information on the identity of the gems, proposing an interesting question about their possible relationship with the crown of Henry VII of Luxembourg (in the same museum). The study includes aspects related to the materiality of the objects, revealing the socio-cultural context in which the object was produced and supporting its recontextualisation in the museum as a symbolic representation of the past.

КОМПОЗИЦІЙНО-МИСТЕЦЬКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ СУЧАСНИХ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНИХ ЖИТЛОВИХ БУДИНКІВ

The article is devoted to the study of artistic features and specifics of the functioning of individual residential buildings. Examples of well-known, iconic objects designed and built at the beginning of the 20-21 centuries are considered. Research directions are conditionally divided into artistic-aesthetic, cultural-semiotic and functional. The main attention is paid to the composition and stylistic features of individual residential buildings, the description of conceptual-artistic, functional and constructive approaches used in the design and construction of these buildings. Examples of well-known architectural objects with analysis of various compositional techniques and stylistic directions are provided as illustrations. The first most famous object is the villa "Savoy", architect Le Corbusier. The villa is designed taking into account the 5 main principles developed by Corbusier for modern buildings, the main structural scheme of which is a reinforced concrete frame. The second object that defined an entire direction in the architecture of the last third of the 20th century is the "Vanna House", architect Robert Venturi. It is with this building that the emergence and development of a new architectural style - "postmodernism" - is connected. The third building is Villa "Soravia" by the well-known Coop Himmelb(l)au architectural office. Two more objects are examples of economy-class housing using the latest achievements in the field of new technologies. These are residential buildings designed by architects Tadao Ando and Renzo Piano. The continuous and purposeful improvement of building technologies and building structures, as well as the constant change and development of aesthetic views, stimulate the emergence of new stylistic concepts and artistic generalizations in modern architecture.

Architect and professor Yu. F. Dmitrievsky (1924–1991)

Over time, the recognition of authors of even famous objects is lost in professional circles. With this oblivion, history is gradually lost too. This article aims at restoring the memory of a famous Irkutsk professor, who was less famous as an architect though. The article applies the method of empirical research and the method of exclusion. The research is based on the archival materials of the Irkutsk Regional Organization of the Union of Architects of Russia. A preliminary study of archival materials was carried out to photograph the objects. Some biographical facts and pages of Yu. F. Dmitrievsky’s creative life were reconstructed.

Impartiality and fair play revisited

Impartiality and fair play revisited

The Application of Human Detection Based on YOLOv5

Human detection has several possible applications. A well-known example is autonomous driving technology, which incorporates gender recognition and fall detection for the elderly. This study will focus on the principles of these applications, which consist primarily of locating the positions of persons inside an image. It is a crucial piece of technology that protects individuals from danger. To fix this problem, this paper employed the deep learning algorithm, mainly supervised learning, which demands a significant quantity of labeled data. Fortunately, these data sets may be collected via security and in-vehicle cameras. YOLOv5 is a famous object detection algorithm, it can train the detector to operate faster and more precisely, enabling the system to identify any potential dangers instantly, which is considered in this study. The experimental results demonstrated that the employed YOLOv5 method can detect the location of human effectively, which proved the feasibility of the method used in the study.

Вплив використання об’єктів ЮНЕСКО в туристичних цілях на соціально-економічне середовище регіону

The article studies the interrelation between UNESCO objects and the level of socioeconomic development of the regions of their location, as well as the peculiarities of investing in UNESCO objects; the aspects of positive and negative impact of new technologies and innovations used in the field of tourism demand on the objects of world cultural and natural significance are determined. The basic principles and mechanisms by which the use of objects of cultural and natural heritage for tourism purposes has a significant impact on the economy of the regions of their deployment are provided. The sources and areas of activity that produce profit under the influence of the use of UNESCO objects for tourism purposes are determined. Through the interrelation of all indicators, levers of the highest and lowest values are found, taking into account the dynamics of indicators depending on the object of study. The role of marketing and marketing strategy in the activities of tourist sites under UNESCO protection is specified, and an algorithm for applying and developing a marketing strategy for such objects is provided. The investment block in the sphere of tourism in relation to UNESCO objects is considered, groups of investors and investment spheres are formulated; the efficiency of investing in the most famous objects of world cultural, historical and natural significance is computed. The congruousness and areas of influence of the use of the latest technologies and developments in the tourism sector at UNESCO sites, their integration into the process of interaction of tourist objects with tourists, including objects of world cultural, historical and natural significance, are identified, both the positive and the negative elements of such integration in the context of their economic significance are allocated. According to the results of the carried out study, it is defined that objects of the World cultural, historical and natural heritage play an important role in the development of tourism and contribute to increasing the profitability of the tourism industry and its positive impact on the socioeconomic situation of the region. The topic of further research in this direction is the study of the efficiency of existing systems for the protection of UNESCO objects in the context of involving the results of technological inventions.

Мавзолеи уақ әулие в лесном природном резервате "Ертіс орманы"

Based on the materials of an ethnographic expedition to study the mausoleums located in the State Forest Natural Reserve “Ertis Ormany”, the cult of saints - aulie and the practice of pilgrimage among the Kazakhs of the Pavlodar region are considered. Today, on the territory of the reserve there are seven sacred objects of regional significance: the mausoleums of Gabdul Uakhit Khazret, Shokman Kozha, Akhat mullah, Shakau mullah, Mergalym ata, Temirgali Nurekenov and the burial place of Sary baybishe. The construction of sacred objects by the descendants of the Kozha is supervised by the department of tourism and environmental education of the Ertis Ormany reserve within the framework of the “Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan” project of the “Rukhani Zhangyru” program. Department employees develop tourist routes to religious pilgrimage sites and conduct information and scientific work. The most famous object of religious pilgrimage is the mausoleum of Gabdul Uakhit Khazret. A developed infrastructure has been formed around it to satisfy all the needs of pilgrims: a good road to the site, information stands, parking, a guest house, places for ablution, sacrifice, eating, a well with good water). The construction of other pilgrimage sites on the territory of the reserve is taking place along the same path. Religious tourism is in demand in Kazakhstan. Its basis is primarily the cult of ancestors - the Aruaks. However, until recently, in the north of the country there were not many widely known and accessible sites for pilgrimage. The project “Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan” made it possible to identify them and begin to create a favorable environment for visiting them.

A Study on Object Detection Performance of YOLOv4 for Autonomous Driving of Tram.

Recently, autonomous driving technology has been in the spotlight. However, autonomous driving is still in its infancy in the railway industry. In the case of railways, there are fewer control elements than autonomous driving of cars due to the characteristics of running on railways, but there is a disadvantage in that evasive maneuvers cannot be made in the event of a dangerous situation. In addition, when braking, it cannot be decelerated quickly for the weight of the body and the safety of the passengers. In the case of a tram, one of the railway systems, research has already been conducted on how to generate a profile that plans braking and acceleration as a base technology for autonomous driving, and to find the location coordinates of surrounding objects through object recognition. In pilot research about the tram's automated driving, YOLOv3 was used for object detection to find object coordinates. YOLOv3 is an artificial intelligence model that finds coordinates, sizes, and classes of objects in an image. YOLOv3 is the third upgrade of YOLO, which is one of the most famous object detection technologies based on CNN. YOLO's object detection performance is characterized by ordinary accuracy and fast speed. For this paper, we conducted a study to find out whether the object detection performance required for autonomous trams can be sufficiently implemented with the already developed object detection model. For this experiment, we used the YOLOv4 which is the fourth upgrade of YOLO.

Faultless disagreement without contradiction: expressive-relativism and predicates of personal taste

In this paper we motivate and develop a new approach to predicates of personal taste within the framework of semantic relativism. Our primary goal is to explain faultless disagreement—the phenomenon where two parties disagree, yet both have uttered something true—which is often thought to arise from the use of predicates of personal taste. We combine semantic relativism with an expressivist semantics to yield a novel hybrid theory which we call Expressive-Relativism. We motivate the theory by rehearsing a famous objection to Relativism from Frege which we interpret as severing the connection between contradiction and disagreement for relativists. Endorsing the objection, we respond by enriching relativism with an expressivist component which explains disagreement over matters of taste as a refusal to share perspectives rather than as resting on contradiction.

A novel hybrid approach based artificial bee colony and salp swarm algorithms for solving ORPD problem

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) is an important task for achieving more economical, secure and stable state of the electrical power system. It is expressed as a complex optimization problem where many meta-heuristic techniques have been proposed to overcome various complexities in solving ORPD problem. A meta-heuristic search mechanism is characterized by exploration and exploitation of the search space. The balance between these two characteristics is a challenging problem to attain the best solution quality. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm as a reputed meta-heuristic has proved its goodness at exploration and weakness at exploitation where the enhancement of the basic ABC version becomes necessary. Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is a newly developed swarm-based meta-heuristic, which has the best local search capability by using the best global solution in each iteration to discover promising solutions. In this paper, a novel hybrid approach-based ABC and SSA algorithms (ABC-SSA) is that developed to enhance the exploitation capability of the ABC algorithm using SSA and applied for solving ORPD problem. The efficiency of ABC-SSA is investigated using two standard test systems IEEE-30 and IEEE-300 buses, and that by considering the famous objective functions in ORPD problem.

Circulating light at continuous electrical current

The most famous object in the world of circulating light is ball lightning (BL). In our opinion, BL is a thin spherical layer of highly compressed air, in which ordinary white light circulates in all possible directions. The refractive index of a spherical shell in a form of highly compressed air is greater than that of the surrounding space and the shell is a non-zero curvature light guide that prevents light from being radiated into free space. At the same time, there are other objects in which circulating light is present and determines their anomalous properties. These are liquid balls of silicon that can bounce on a sheet of paper dozens of times. This is a ball periodically flashing in cold water under the action of a standing spherical acoustic wave. These are luminous objects produced by an erosive gas discharge that can burn through the thin foil. However, the lifetime of such objects is, at best, a few seconds. At the same time, luminous objects have been known for more than a century that arise from a continuous electric current between damp electrodes. These objects exist indefinitely as long as there is a continuous electrical current. We analyze the properties of these objects for the presence of circulating light in them.

Engraved Biographies: Rock Art and the Life-Histories of Bronze Age Objects

This article deals with engravings depicting some­ times life­sized Bronze Age metal objects from “closed” burial contexts and “open­air” sites in northern Europe. These rock art images have mainly been used for comparative dating with the purpose of establishing rock art chronologies, or interpreted as a poor man’s” substitute for real ob­ jects that were sacrificed to immaterial gods and goddesses. In this article, these rock art images are pictured from a perspective that highlights the mu­ tual cultural biography of humans and objects. It is argued that the rare engravings of bronze ob­ jects at scale 1:1 are best explained as famous ani­ mated objects that could act as secondary agents, which sometimes allowed them to be depicted and remembered. Moreover, two different social set­ tings are distinguished for such memory practice: maritime nodes or third spaces where Bronze Age Argonauts met before, during or after their jour­ neys, e.g. places where novel technological and/or famous objects entered and re­entered the social realms, and burial contexts where animated objects sometimes was buried at the end of their life­course

Efficient visual tracking approach via whale optimizer and corrected background weighted histogram

There are mainly two components in almost every visual object tracking algorithm, which are the object presentation and the searching mechanism. In the literature, metaheuristic algorithms have been recently, widely used as searching method in visual tracking. In fact, the more discriminative is their combined object presentation the better is their precision. Salient background information is often inside the first detected region of the object, which may decrease considerably the tracking performance. In this work, we combine a powerful metaheuristic searching method, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), with the discriminative presentation named as corrected background weighted histogram (CBWH) to improve the tracking accuracy in difficult environments. WOA algorithm is used because of its strong searching ability, which enable it avoid being trapped in local optimum, and also its lowest computation cost compared to other metaheuristic algorithms. The WOA sensitivity parameters are studied experimentally to be adjusted in visual tracking. For a fair assessment of the proposed approach, its performance has been evaluated on 20 video sequences, from the famous object tracking benchmark OTB15, and compared with six (6) other state-of-art trackers. The evaluations were carried quantitatively and qualitatively on challenging situations and have provided satisfying results. The experimental results shows that WOA combined with CBWH can lead to further improvement, and better success rate in tracking.

Segmentation Method for Face Modelling in Thermal Images

Face detection is mostly applied in RGB images. The object detection usually applied the Deep Learning method for model creation. One method face spoofing is by using a thermal camera. The famous object detection methods are Yolo, Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, SSD, and Mask RCNN. We proposed a segmentation Mask RCNN method to create a face model from thermal images. This model was able to locate the face area in images. The dataset was established using 1600 images. The images were created from direct capturing and collecting from the online dataset. The Mask RCNN was configured to train with 5 epochs and 131 iterations. The final model predicted and located the face correctly using the test image.

Gesetze des Denkens? Von Husserls und Freges Psychologismus-Kritik zu einem transzendentalen Kern der Logik

Husserl and Frege reject logical psychologism, the view that logical laws are psychological 'laws of thought'. This paper offers an account of these famous objections and argues that their crucial premise, the necessity of logical laws, is justified with reference to a problematic metaphysics. However, this premise can be established in a more plausible way, namely via a transcendental argument which starts from the practice of rational criticism. This argument is developed through a discussion of Quine's holism, which at first appears to make the idea of the necessity of logical laws even less plausible, but eventually turns out to speak in favor of this view.

An approach to evaluate the methods of determining experts’ objective weights based on evolutionary game theory

In group decision making problems, it is usually necessary to measure the relative importance of experts objectively based on their provided information, according to specific techniques such as entropies, distance measures, and optimization models. However, it is hard for decision organizers to select a proper method for specific applications. Considering the fact that, in practice, an expert might be invited to do the same or similar evaluations repetitively in a long term, it is natural to anticipate that a weighting method should drive the expert to complete the evaluations more and more actively. Thus, we investigate the repetitive games between the active experts and the passive experts, develop an approach to figure out how a weighting method can encourage the active work and restrain the passive work. Based on which, we present an experimental analysis to evaluate some famous objective weighting methods. Some interesting conclusions regarding the characteristics of methods and suggestions for applications are exploited. The main contribution of this study is to develop a quantitative approach for evaluating the objective weighting methods.

LET US NOW PRAISE FAMOUS GUITARS: PERSONA AND THE MATERIAL DISPLAYS OF POPULAR MUSIC MUSEUMS

The study of popular music museums has expanded greatly in the past decade or so. The numerous studies produced so far have largely focused on issues to do with tourism, heritage, and curatorship. Most analysis has attempted to gauge the effectiveness and degree of success of the various methods of constructing and displaying collections of sounds, objects, and ideas. One area that can be of interest in moving beyond these analyses of museum practice is to examine how larger ideologies of artistry and artists that pervade the celebrity personas so assiduously built around famous musicians are an important foundation for these museums’ displays. There are two reasons for the value of this approach. First, it should be clear that most exhibits in popular music museums are built to enhance, not contest already-existing images, historical narratives, and genre-defining attributes that surround well-known musicians. Therefore, it is not possible to understand these institutions without some sense of how they work with musician personas that necessarily precede any presentation in museum exhibitions. Second, we can see this dynamic in extraordinarily concise forms when we examine some of the ‘famous objects’ these museums display. We can often see an entire complex of received ideas about an artist encapsulated in just a few well-known objects they once possessed. From this I will suggest that the personas of famous musicians that appear in most popular music museums do so through varied amalgams of symbolic and material forms meant to stabilise or enhance already-existing ideas about canonically-validated ‘great’ artists.

A Theodorus Construction

The spiral of Theodorus is a famous mathematical object that has been studied extensively (see, for example, [4–7]). Using essentially the same construction, but alternating the triangle orientation, we create a different object and reveal its surprising structure.

On the origin of the TeV gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3

Cygnus X-3 binary system is a famous object studied over the wide range of electromagnetic spectrum. Early detections of ultra-high energy gamma-rays from Cygnus X-3 by Kiel, Havera Park and then by Akeno triggered the construction of several large air shower detectors. Also, Cygnus X-3 has been proposed to be one of the most powerful sources of charged cosmic ray particles in the Galaxy. The results of twenty-year observations of the Cyg X-3 binary at energies 800 GeV - 85 TeV are presented with images, spectra during periods of flaring activity and at low flux periods. The correlation of TeV flux increases with flaring activity at the lower energy range of X-ray and radio emission from the relativistic jets of Cygnus X-3 is found as well as 4.8-hour orbital modulation of TeV γ-ray intensity. Detected modulation of TeV γ-ray emission with orbit and important characteristics of Cyg X-3 such as the high luminosity of the companion star and the close orbit leads to an efficient generation of γ-ray emission through inverse Compton scattering in this object. The different type variability of very high-energy γ-emission and correlation of radiation activity in the wide energy range can provide essential information on the mechanism of particle production up to very high energies.

Attendance monitoring of ethnic tourism objects in the Republic of Mordovia in 2017

The Republic of Mordovia is a multinational region of the Russian Federation. For centuries, Russians, Mordovians (Moksha and Erzya), Tatars, and others coexist peacefully on its territory. This necessitates the development of ethnic tourism, the area of tourism with a pronounced ethnic identity in the Republic. It can be distinguished as internal and external ethnic tourism. For the research of the development of ethnic tourism in Mordovia, the authors employed general research analytical methods (comparative, functional, natural history, etc.) and a survey as a tool for collecting primary sociological information. The survey was conducted in all municipal districts of the Republic in September 2017. The most famous objects of ethnic tourism are the ethnographic Museum complex “Mordovian Courtyard” and the Museum of Mordovian folk culture; they are the most visited sites. The percentage of people who know about the Center for National Culture in Old Terizmorga village and Podlesno-Tavlinskoy Children’s Experimental Art School is quite high. The prospects for the development of ethnic tourism can be assessed as favorable, since there is a high percentage of those who would like to visit other objects of ethnic tourism as well. The conclusion is made about further development of internal and external ethnic tourism in Mordovia.